高中英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修五U1

1、必修必修話題話題21科普知識科普知識一、單詞識記一、單詞識記 1. _ n.宇宙宇宙; 世界世界2. _ n.受害者受害者3. _ n.附近附近; 鄰近鄰近4. _ adj. 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的, 劇烈的劇烈的5. _ n.特征特征; 特性特性characteristic universevictimneighborhoodsevere6. _ vt.照顧；出席；參加照顧；出席；參加7. _ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心吸收；吸引；使專心8. _ vt.預(yù)見；預(yù)知預(yù)見；預(yù)知9. _ adj.積極的；肯定的積極的；肯定的10. _ vt.打?。粦?zhàn)勝打??；戰(zhàn)勝 n.失敗失敗defeat attendabso

2、rbforeseepositive11. _ n.治愈治愈 vt.治愈治愈12. _ n.柄；把手柄；把手vt.處理處理13. _ vt.懷疑懷疑 n.嫌疑犯嫌疑犯14. _ n.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) vt.挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn)15. _ adj.熟練的熟練的 n.專家專家expertcurehandlesuspectchallenge二、單詞拓展二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生單詞派生1. _ n. 科學(xué)科學(xué) _ n. 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家 _ adj. 科學(xué)的科學(xué)的2. _ vt. 分析分析 _ n. 分析分析 analysissciencescientistscientificanalyze3. _ vt. 污染；弄臟污染

3、；弄臟 _ adj. 受污染的受污染的 _ n. 污染污染pollute pollutedpollution4. _ vt. 命令；指示；教導(dǎo)命令；指示；教導(dǎo) _ n. 指示；教導(dǎo)指示；教導(dǎo)instructinstruction5. _ vt. 結(jié)束結(jié)束 _ n. 結(jié)束結(jié)束; 結(jié)論結(jié)論6. _ n. 小心小心; 謹(jǐn)慎謹(jǐn)慎 _ adj. 小心的小心的; 謹(jǐn)慎的謹(jǐn)慎的cautious concludeconclusioncaution(B)靈活運(yùn)用靈活運(yùn)用1. He needed more _ (science) experiments to support his theory.1. 形容詞作定

4、語。形容詞作定語。2. She has come to the _ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名詞做賓語。名詞做賓語。scientificconclusion3. He fell ill because of eating the _ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容詞作定語。形容詞作定語。4. The _ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of food.4. 名詞做主語。名詞做主語。5. Follow the _ (instruct) when you ope

5、rate the machine. 5. 名詞做賓語。名詞做賓語。pollutedanalysisinstructions1. _ 提出提出2. _ 講得通；有意義講得通；有意義3. _ 使顯露；暴露使顯露；暴露4. _ 將將和和聯(lián)系起來聯(lián)系起來三、短語翻譯三、短語翻譯 link .to . put forward make sense expose .to 5. _ 除除之外之外； 此外此外6. _ 對對嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格7. _得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論8. _導(dǎo)致；引起導(dǎo)致；引起lead to apart from(be) strict withdraw a conclusion9. _ 失去控制失去控制1

6、0. _受責(zé)備受責(zé)備11. _ 在建設(shè)中在建設(shè)中12. _ 結(jié)束結(jié)束come to an endout of controlbe to blame be under construction 四、課文回顧四、課文回顧 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1_ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided to defeat ch

7、olera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak. So birth exposed In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information and marked on a map 4 _ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had drunk 5_ di

8、rty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 _ daughter who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water. where the her 7_ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8

9、_ (blame). He suggested the source of all water supplies 9_ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10_ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.With to blame be examined with 五、課文概要五、課文概要 以約以約30個詞概括課文內(nèi)個詞概括課文內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)。容要點(diǎn)。 John Snow, a famous doctor and expert, succeeded in defeating King Cholera

10、 in a scientific way. Cholera was a deadly disease and had attacked London twice in the 1850s.1. cure vt. 治愈治愈; 矯正矯正n. 治愈治愈; 療療法；措施法；措施原句原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知人們既不知道它的病源道它的病源, 也不了解它的治療方也不了解它的治療方法。法。(B5P2)例句例句 Up till now, People have not found an effective cure for A

11、IDS. 到目前為止到目前為止, 人們還沒有人們還沒有找到治療艾滋病的有效的方法。找到治療艾滋病的有效的方法。cure sb. of sth. 治好某治好某人的人的(疾病、壞習(xí)慣等疾病、壞習(xí)慣等)a cure for . 治療治療的方法的方法/藥物藥物運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to _ (使他改掉使他改掉這個習(xí)慣這個習(xí)慣). The government is finding a cure _ the severe pollution. cure him of the habitfor原句原句 The

12、 second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(B5P2)2. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引吸收；吸引(注意力注意力)例句例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收深色衣服容易吸收光線。光線。搭配搭配 be absorbed in全神貫全神貫注于注于, 專心致志于專心致志于運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 完成下列句子完成下列句子。 當(dāng)我進(jìn)

13、來時當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時, 他正聚精會神地看小說他正聚精會神地看小說。When I entered, he _ _ a novel. 我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有用的東西用的東西。We can _ from extensive reading.was absorbed inreadingabsorb a lot of useful things3. be to blame (for sth.) (為某為某事事)應(yīng)受責(zé)備應(yīng)受責(zé)備/承擔(dān)責(zé)任承擔(dān)責(zé)任原句原句 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來水是看來水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)?。罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?

14、B5P2)例句例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the accident. 史密斯先生史密斯先生 要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。要為事故負(fù)責(zé)。搭配搭配 blame sb. for sth.為某事為某事責(zé)備某人責(zé)備某人運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 完成下列句子或填入一個恰完成下列句子或填入一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 我不怪你我不怪你, 我怪我自己。我怪我自己。I do not blame you, but I_ _ .myself blame 那次事故怪不得那次事故怪不得Tom, 畢竟他還是畢竟他還是個孩子。個孩子。Little Tom was not_ for the accident. After a

15、ll, he is only a child. His mother blamed him _ his dishonesty.for to blame 4. put forward 提出提出; 提前提前; 被提名被提名原句原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出關(guān)于黑洞的誰提出關(guān)于黑洞的理論？理論？(B5P1)例句例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他總能提出一些有用的他總能提出一些有用的建議。建議。 We have to put the meeting forward by tw

16、o weeks.(意思意思_ )Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students should be placed in special classes. (意思意思_ )運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 說出下列句中劃線部分的意思。說出下列句中劃線部分的意思。 將將提前提前 提出建議提出建議 His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students Union. (意思意思_) 被推薦被推薦/提名提名原句原句 Apart from the construction mentioned above

17、, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu), 你還學(xué)了下列詞組。你還學(xué)了下列詞組。(B5P4)例句例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.5. apart from 除了除了用法用法 apart from是短語介詞是短語介詞, 既相既相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相當(dāng)于又相當(dāng)于except (for)。運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 用用besides，except，ex

18、cept for替代替代apart from。 Apart from the cost, time should also be considered.( _)Apart from=Besides (In addition to) Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _ ) Apart from the ending, its really a good film. (_ )Apart from = Except (not including) Apart from =Except for 6. be strict wit

19、h sb. (in sth.) (在某方面在某方面)對某人嚴(yán)格要求對某人嚴(yán)格要求原句原句 I need to be strict with 我需我需要對要對要求嚴(yán)格要求嚴(yán)格(B5P6)例句例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對自己你在學(xué)習(xí)上要對自己嚴(yán)格。嚴(yán)格。運(yùn)用運(yùn)用 填入一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。填入一個恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Our English teacher is very strict _ us _ our homework. My mother is not only strict _ her work but also strict

20、 _ me. with withinin原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位從寬街搬過來有一位從寬街搬過來的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水, 每天都要派每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里。(B5P3)1. have sth. done 讓某人干某事讓某人干某事; 遭遇某事遭遇某事例句例句 Youd better

21、have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人來修機(jī)你最好明天找人來修機(jī)器。器。仿寫仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文。把下列句子譯成英文。 明天我要去理發(fā)。明天我要去理發(fā)。I will _. 爸爸幾天前去拔牙。爸爸幾天前去拔牙。My father _a few days ago. have my hair cut tomorrow had his tooth pulled原句原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and o

22、nly the moon still going round the earth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上中心位置上, 而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn), 只有只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(B5P7)2. with+賓語賓語+非謂語動詞非謂語動詞例句例句 I cant fall a sleep with the baby crying. 嬰兒一直在哭嬰兒一直在哭, 我睡不著覺。我睡不著覺。仿寫仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文把下列句子譯成英文。 鳥兒在鳴叫鳥兒在鳴叫, 我們在森林里愉快地散步我們在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily

23、 in the forest _ _. 還有很多作業(yè)要做還有很多作業(yè)要做, 我今晚不能和你去我今晚不能和你去看電影了看電影了。_, I cant go to see the movie with you tonight.With a lot of homework to dothe birds singingwith原句原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為了為了阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生,

24、約翰。斯諾建議所有約翰。斯諾建議所有的水源都要檢查。的水源都要檢查。3. suggest (that) sb. (should) do 建議某人做建議某人做某事某事例句例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。仿寫仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文把下列句子譯成英文。 他建議我們工作后要好好休息他建議我們工作后要好好休息。_ after work. 她建議你去那里之前先打個電話她建議你去那里之前先打個電話。_ before you go round there.She suggested (that) you (

25、should) phoneHe suggested (that) we (should) have a good rest4. Only if+從句，倒裝從句，倒裝原句原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動才能說得天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動才能說得清楚。清楚。例句例句 Only if you are in London can you realize its beauty.

26、只有當(dāng)你只有當(dāng)你親身來到倫敦親身來到倫敦, 你才能體會到它的你才能體會到它的美。美。句型句型 Only 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或副引導(dǎo)的介詞短語或副詞或狀語從句放在句首時詞或狀語從句放在句首時, 要倒裝。要倒裝。仿寫仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文。把下列句子譯成英文。 只有用這種方法你才能在這么短的時間只有用這種方法你才能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成它。內(nèi)完成它。Only in this way _ _. 只有當(dāng)你用心學(xué)習(xí)時只有當(dāng)你用心學(xué)習(xí)時, 你才能取得大的你才能取得大的進(jìn)步。進(jìn)步。Only when you put your heart into study _.will you make great prog

27、ress can you finish it in sucha short time原句原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女，她是從寬街搬過來的，有一位婦女，她是從寬街搬過來的，非常喜歡那里從水泵打上來的水，每非常喜歡那里從水泵打上來的水，每天都要派人去那里運(yùn)水到她家里來。天都要派人去那里運(yùn)水到她家里來。(P2 B5)分析分析 本句主干是本句主干是A

28、 woman liked the water；who引導(dǎo)的是一個引導(dǎo)的是一個_從句，補(bǔ)充說明從句，補(bǔ)充說明A woman；句型；句型so that中的中的that引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語引導(dǎo)一個結(jié)果狀語從句；在這個結(jié)果狀語從句中又有一個從句；在這個結(jié)果狀語從句中又有一個句型句型have sth done，表示，表示“_”。請人做某事請人做某事非限制性定語非限制性定語1. 西蒙的語文老師對西蒙西蒙的語文老師對西蒙要求很嚴(yán)格要求很嚴(yán)格。1. Simons language teacher is very strict with him.2. 他經(jīng)常他經(jīng)常提出提出問題讓西蒙回答。問題讓西蒙回答。2. He

29、often puts forward questions for Simon to answer.3. 除此之外除此之外, 他還他還建議建議西蒙要從課文西蒙要從課文得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論。3. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts.4. 西蒙在閱讀中西蒙在閱讀中吸收吸收了很多的知識。了很多的知識。4. Simon absorbs a lot of knowledge from reading.5. 西蒙西蒙讓他的同學(xué)幫他修改作文讓他的同學(xué)幫他修改作文, 并學(xué)習(xí)并學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)秀作文優(yōu)秀作文。Simon has

30、his compositions checked by his classmates and learns from the good articles.6. 每次西蒙想放棄的時候每次西蒙想放棄的時候, 他總是鼓勵他他總是鼓勵他。Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him.7.只有只有當(dāng)他不放棄的時候當(dāng)他不放棄的時候, 他才能獲得成功他才能獲得成功。Only if he doesnt give up can he succeed.8. 在老師的幫助下在老師的幫助下, 西蒙進(jìn)步很快西蒙進(jìn)步很快。With the help

31、 of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress.合并：合并： Simons language teacher is very strict with him and he often puts forward questions for Simon to answer. Apart from this, he suggests Simon draw conclusions from some texts and in this way, Simon absorbs great knowledge from reading. In addition,

32、 Simon has his compositions checked and learns from the good articles. Every time Simon wants to give up, he always encourages him not to, because only in this way can he succeed. With the help of the teacher, Simon has made rapid progress. Stephen Hawking was born on 8 January, 1942 (300 years afte

33、r the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England. When he was eight, his family moved 1_ St Albans, a town about 20 miles north of London. 2 _ eleven Stephen went to St Albans School, and then on to University College, Oxford, his fathers old college. 1. 表示到表示到去。去。2. 表示表示“在某人在某人歲時歲時”要用要用at。 AttoStephen wa

34、nted to do mathematics, 3 _ his father would have preferred medicine. Mathematics was not available at University College, so he did Physics instead. After three years and not very much work he 4 _ (award) a first-class degree in 5 _ (nature) science.3. 前后句意為讓步關(guān)系。前后句意為讓步關(guān)系。 4. 由句意可知用被動語態(tài)。由句意可知用被動語態(tài)。

35、5. 名詞作定語。名詞作定語。 although/thoughwas awardednaturalStephen then went on to Cambridge 6 _ (do) research in cosmology(宇宙學(xué)宇宙學(xué)), there being no one working in that area in Oxford at the time. His supervisor was Denis Sciama, although he 7 _ (hope) to get Fred Hoyle who was working in Cambridge. 6. 不定式作狀語不

36、定式作狀語, 表目的。表目的。6. 根據(jù)句意要根據(jù)句意要ongoing過去完成時態(tài)過去完成時態(tài), 表示表示“原希望原希望”。 to dohad hoped Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws 8 _ govern the universe. With Roger Penrose 9 _ showed that Einsteins General Theory of Relativity would have a beginning in the Big Bang and 10 _ end in black holes. 8. 引導(dǎo)定語從句修

37、飾前面的引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾前面的the basic laws。9. 指指Stephen Hawking。 10. 不定冠詞的基本用法不定冠詞的基本用法, 因為后面的名詞以原因為后面的名詞以原因開頭因開頭, 故填故填an。anhewhich二、閱讀理解二、閱讀理解 A. beneficial, because their inventors are famousB. beneficial, though their inventors are less famousC. not useful, because their inventors are less famousD. not useful

38、, though their inventors are famous1. By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”, the author indicates that countless inventions are _.B 推理判斷題。最后一段推理判斷題。最后一段(尤其是第尤其是第1句句)給出了提示。給出了提示。雖然紅綠燈、透視玻璃等雖然紅綠燈、透視玻璃等(當(dāng)然包括雨刮器當(dāng)然包括雨刮器)的發(fā)明者的發(fā)明者沒有電燈和電話的發(fā)明者那樣出名，但它們都是很有沒有電燈和電話的發(fā)明者那樣出名，但它們都是很有用處的。用處的。 A. add

39、colour and variety to students campus lifeB. inform students of the windshield wipers inventionC. carry out the requirements by Mountain UniversityD. prepare students to try their own invention2. Professor Joan McLeans course aims to _.D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。 從第從第2段的段的When students learn the answers to these questions, motiva