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1、凌云學(xué)堂中考沖刺課程動 詞一、中考對動詞的知識要求:一、中考對動詞的知識要求: 中考對動詞的考查主要集中在:中考對動詞的考查主要集中在: 1、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、過去 分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則; 2、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(一般現(xiàn)一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成時) 3、掌握系動詞、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, sm

2、ell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;等的基本用法; 4、了解、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法;的基本用法; 5、掌握助動詞、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;的基本用法; 6、掌握情態(tài)動詞、掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法;構(gòu)及主要用法; 7、了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時、了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法;態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法; 8、了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的

3、構(gòu)成形式及其基本、了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其基本用法;用法; 9、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則;、掌握句子主謂一致的基本原則; 10、掌握動詞不定式作賓語、狀語的基本用法;、掌握動詞不定式作賓語、狀語的基本用法; 11、了解動詞不定式作主語、定語、表語的基本用法。、了解動詞不定式作主語、定語、表語的基本用法。二、動詞考察點分項說明:二、動詞考察點分項說明:(一)、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、(一)、掌握動詞的現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)、過去式、 過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞四種形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則;1、動詞現(xiàn)在時的第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成:動動 詞詞 特特 征征

4、變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動詞一般動詞 詞尾加詞尾加-s look- looks find- finds 以以s, x, ch, sh或或o結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 詞尾加詞尾加-es watch- watches, push- pushes 以以“輔音字母輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 變變y為為i再加再加-es fly- flies 2、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的構(gòu)成 規(guī)則動詞的變化: 規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成方法是相同的。動動 詞詞 特特 征征 變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動詞一般動詞 詞尾加詞尾加-ed look- looked, looked 以以e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 詞尾加詞尾加-d live- lived

5、, lived 以以“輔音字母輔音字母+Y”結(jié)結(jié)尾尾 變變y為為i,再加,再加-ed carry-carried, carried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音且末尾只有一個輔音字母字母 雙寫該輔音字母,雙寫該輔音字母,再加再加-ed stop- stopped, stopped3、動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成:動動 詞詞 特特 征征 變變 化化 例例 詞詞 一般動詞一般動詞 直接加直接加-ing look-looking watch- watching 以不發(fā)音字母以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 去去e加加-ing come- coming move- moving 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾

6、,以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且末尾只有一個輔音且末尾只有一個輔音字母字母 先雙寫該輔音字先雙寫該輔音字母,再加母,再加-ing swim- swimming run- running 以以ie結(jié)尾且為重讀開結(jié)尾且為重讀開音節(jié)音節(jié) 變變ie加加y再加再加ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying (二)、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(二)、掌握動詞六種時態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),主要用法及區(qū)別(一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進(jìn)行時、(一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、過去進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和現(xiàn)在完成時) 1、一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示現(xiàn)

7、在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,一般現(xiàn)在時常用來表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作, 與與always, usually, often, sometimes, every day (week, month)等連用;表示現(xiàn)在的事實或狀態(tài);表示主語所具有等連用;表示現(xiàn)在的事實或狀態(tài);表示主語所具有的特征、性格、能力、愛好等;以及表示客觀事實或普遍的特征、性格、能力、愛好等;以及表示客觀事實或普遍真理。真理。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成:一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成: 一般現(xiàn)在時通常以動詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單一般現(xiàn)在時通常以動詞原形表示,但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞原形后需加數(shù)時,動詞原形后需加-s或或-es。 Sh

8、e likes biology very much. 她非常喜歡生物。她非常喜歡生物。 They often go to school by bike.他們通常騎車上學(xué)。他們通常騎車上學(xué)。 2、一般過去時一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過去一般過去時表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示過去時間的副詞如:時間的副詞如:yesterday, last week, two hours ago等連用;等連用;表示過去一段時間經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作,這時可與頻度副詞表示過去一段時間經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作,這時可與頻度副詞often, usually, always等連用;表示過去發(fā)生的

9、一連串動作,等連用;表示過去發(fā)生的一連串動作,以及在時間和條件狀語從句中,用一般過去時表示過去將來的以及在時間和條件狀語從句中,用一般過去時表示過去將來的動作。動作。一般過去時的構(gòu)成:一般過去時由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。一般過去時的構(gòu)成:一般過去時由動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。 We met each other on the street yesterday. She often went swimming last year. They moved the chairs to the table, sat down and began to have supper. Mary told me that s

10、he would stay at home if it rained. 3、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語如的時間狀語如next month, tomorrow, in a week, soon等連用。等連用。一般將來時的構(gòu)成:一般將來時的構(gòu)成: (1) 一般將來時由一般將來時由“助動詞助動詞will/shall+動詞原形動詞原形”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。其中其中shall主要用于主語是第一人稱(主要用于主語是第一人稱(I和和we)的疑問句中。)的疑問句中。 (2) 也可以用也可以用“be going to

11、+動詞原形動詞原形”這個結(jié)構(gòu)來表示這個結(jié)構(gòu)來表示根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情,或是打算、計劃、以根據(jù)目前跡象很有可能發(fā)生的某件事情,或是打算、計劃、以及決定要做某件事情等。及決定要做某件事情等。 They will have a class meeting next Tuesday. We shall meet at the school gate. It is going to rain. 4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,常與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作,常與now, at present, at this moment等連用;或與等連用;或與thes

12、e days, this week/month等連用,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。等連用,表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。有時還與有時還與always, continually, forever等詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作,等詞連用,表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作,代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達(dá)說話人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚、不滿、代替一般現(xiàn)在時,表達(dá)說話人強(qiáng)烈的感情。如贊揚、不滿、討厭等。如:討厭等。如:He is always asking such silly questions. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成: 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時由“be (am/is/are)+V-ing”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 They are wa

13、tching TV now. The dog is enjoying his meal. 5、過去進(jìn)行時 過去進(jìn)行時的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時用法相同,只不過參照的過去進(jìn)行時的用法與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時用法相同,只不過參照的時間基準(zhǔn)點不同。時間基準(zhǔn)點不同。 過去進(jìn)行表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。一般和特定過去進(jìn)行表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作。一般和特定的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。如:的時間狀語或狀語從句連用。如:then, at that time, at eight yesterday, this time yesterday, when he came in等。等。 過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時類似,只不

14、過把過去進(jìn)行時的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時類似,只不過把be (am, is, are)變?yōu)檫^去式(變?yōu)檫^去式(was, were) They were watching TV at that time. The dog was enjoying his meal at this time yesterday. 6、現(xiàn)在完成時 表示動作已經(jīng)完成,但后果或影響仍在,常與表示動作已經(jīng)完成,但后果或影響仍在,常與already, just, yet等副詞連用;或者表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持等副詞連用;或者表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常與續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,常與for或或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連

15、用。 現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞“have/has+過去分詞過去分詞”構(gòu)成。構(gòu)成。 He has already come back. He has lived here for three years.(三)、掌握系動詞(三)、掌握系動詞be, look, feel, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法;等的基本用法; 常見的連系動詞有:常見的連系動詞有:become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, seem, smell, fall等。等。它們后面它們后面常接形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。常接形容詞,構(gòu)成系表結(jié)

16、構(gòu)。 Please keep the classroom clean. The bread looks very fresh. (四)、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法;(四)、了解過去將來時、過去完成時態(tài)的基本用法; 過去將來時表示從過去某一時點看將要發(fā)生的動作或過去將來時表示從過去某一時點看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時和一般將來時的構(gòu)成相同,只是存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時和一般將來時的構(gòu)成相同,只是把把will, shall變?yōu)檫^去式變?yōu)檫^去式would,should,把助動詞,把助動詞be的過的過去式變?yōu)檫^去式去式變?yōu)檫^去式was或或were而已。如:而已。如: They w

17、ere going to have a meeting. 過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完成的過去完成時表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同,只不過作行為或存在的狀態(tài)。與現(xiàn)在完成的用法相同,只不過作為衡量基準(zhǔn)點的時間點不同,現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在作為衡為衡量基準(zhǔn)點的時間點不同,現(xiàn)在完成時以現(xiàn)在作為衡量的基準(zhǔn)點,而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準(zhǔn)量的基準(zhǔn)點,而過去完成時則以過去某個時刻作為基準(zhǔn)點。它表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作,點。它表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前完成了的動作,即即“過去的過去過去的過去”,常,常by, before引導(dǎo)的時間

18、狀語連用。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如:如: By the time he was ten, Edison had built a lab for himself. She said she had worked in that hospital for 20 years(五)、掌握助動詞(五)、掌握助動詞be, do, have, shall, will的基本用法;的基本用法; 助動詞是助動詞是“輔助性輔助性”動詞,一般沒有詞義,不能單獨作動詞,一般沒有詞義,不能單獨作謂語,但可用來幫助構(gòu)成謂語,表示不同的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、謂語,但可用來幫助構(gòu)成謂語,表示不同的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、數(shù)的變化。數(shù)的變化。 常見的助

19、動詞有:常見的助動詞有:(1)be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 與現(xiàn)在分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)合,構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時態(tài);或與過去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動語結(jié)合,構(gòu)成各種進(jìn)行時態(tài);或與過去分詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。態(tài)。 Im looking for my pen. (現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時)(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時) These cups are made in China. (被動語態(tài))(被動語態(tài))(2)have (has, had, having)與過去分詞結(jié)合,構(gòu)成完與過去分詞結(jié)合,構(gòu)成完成時。成時。 They have known each other for twenty years.

20、 (現(xiàn)在完成時)(現(xiàn)在完成時) He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten. (過去完成時)(過去完成時)(3) 助動詞助動詞do (does, did) 后只能跟動詞原形,與后只能跟動詞原形,與not及其他動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句,或置于主語之前構(gòu)成疑及其他動詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成否定句,或置于主語之前構(gòu)成疑問句。問句。 He does not speak English. When did he come back? (4)will (would), shall (should): will能用于一般將來時的任何人稱后;能用于一般將來

21、時的任何人稱后;would是是will的過去的過去時,能用于過去將來時;兩者后面都接動詞原形。時,能用于過去將來時;兩者后面都接動詞原形。 The plane will arrive in ten minutes. I was sure we would win.shall與與should這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義,這兩個助動詞本身沒有詞義,shall只能用于只能用于一般將來時的第一人稱后;一般將來時的第一人稱后;should是是shall的過去時,只能的過去時,只能用于過去將來時的第一人稱后;兩者后面都接動詞原形。用于過去將來時的第一人稱后;兩者后面都接動詞原形。 We shall meet

22、at the school gate tomorrow. I told them that I should do the work alone. 三、鞏固練習(xí) 1. His father any washing in the morning. A. doesnt do B. doesnt C. doesnt does D. doesnt doing 2. I 1000 English words by the end of last term. A. have learned B. had learned C. would learn D. was learning 3. How long

23、you the bicycle? A. havebought B. havehad C. didbuy D. dobuy 4. My brother knows London very well. He there many times. A. has been B. has gone C. was D. went 5. The children want to know if Miss Green free tomorrow. A. is B. is going to C. will D. will be 6. Listen, the music nice. A. sounds B. is

24、sounding C. is sound D. was sounding 7. He early every morning from now on. A. gets up B. does get up C. does gets up D. will get up 8. Our teacher told us that light faster than sound. A. travelled B. travels C. was travelled D. had travelled 9. Mr. Brown is not at home. He to the library. A. has g

25、one B. has been C. had been D. had gone 10. He said he would go to the cinema with us if he free. A. is B. were C. was D. will be 11. Tom _ his homework after breakfast. A. dont B. doesnt C. dont do D. doesnt do 12. Jenny _a letter to her mother three days ago. A. wrote B. writes C. write D. has wri

26、tten 13. He _ with us yesterday morning. A. doesnt go swimming B. goes swimming C. didnt go swimming D. went to swimming 14. There _a basketball match on our school the day after tomorrow. A. will have B. will be C. is going to have D. would have 15. _ you _ us a talk this afternoon? A. Are, giving

27、B. Are, given C. Will, give D. Were, going to give 16. Look! Li Lei _ Jim with his Chinese. A. is helping B. has helped C. is going to help D. would help 17. Dont make any noise. The baby _ . A. has slept B. is slept C. will sleep D. is sleeping 18. The students of Class 3 _a football game now. Lets

28、 go and watch. A. are having B. will have C. is having D. will be had 19. How many English songs _ you _ by the end of last term? A. have, learned B. did, learn C. had, learned D. were, learned 20. My mother _ breakfast while I _ my face this morning. A. cooked, was cooking B. was cooking, was washi

29、ng C. was cooking, / D. would cook, was washing 二、用下列動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空二、用下列動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. He told me that he (visit) the Summer Palace the next day. 2. Who has borrowed the dictionary? I want to use it . Miss Li. She (keep) it for a week. 3. The old man (die) last summer. He (die) for eight months. 4. Father

30、(cook) when I got home.would visithas keptdiedhas been deadwas cooking 5. Mr. Smith told us he (show) the guests around the factory. 6. In winter when your clothes (wash), it is not easy to get them dry. 7. the twins (return) yet? Yes. They (have) a rest in the room now. 8. It (rain) but it (stop) n

31、ow. 9. All the children (keep) quiet though their teacher was not there. 10. The boy (read) a story book now.was showing/had shown/would showare washedHave returned are havingwas raining, has stoppedkeptis reading(六)掌握情態(tài)動詞can, must, need, may等基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)及主要用法 情態(tài)動詞在英文中是情態(tài)動詞在英文中是“輔助性輔助性”動詞,用來表示說話人的語氣動詞,用來表

32、示說話人的語氣或情態(tài),包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義或情態(tài),包括請求、命令、允諾、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、義務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全,不能單獨用務(wù)、能力等。情態(tài)動詞本身有詞義,但詞義不完全,不能單獨用作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,且后面只跟動詞原形。作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,且后面只跟動詞原形。 情態(tài)動詞的種類:情態(tài)動詞的種類:原原 形形 過去式過去式 詞詞 義義 can could 能能 may might 可以(或許)可以(或許) must had to 必須(不得不)必須(不得不) will would 愿意愿意 shall should 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該

33、need needed 需要需要 dare dared 敢于敢于 can的用法的用法 (1)表示體力或腦力方面的)表示體力或腦力方面的“能力能力”,也能表示根據(jù)客觀,也能表示根據(jù)客觀條件能做某事的條件能做某事的“能力能力”。 The boy can swim very well. Who can answer this question? (2)表示允許)表示允許 The students can leave after the meeting. When can I get the news? (3)表示推測)表示推測 It can be wrong. Who can be your new

34、 teacher next term? could的用法的用法 (1)can的過去式,表示過去有能力及過去的的過去式,表示過去有能力及過去的可能性??赡苄?。 They could run very fast when they were young. Could you speak English at that time? (2)表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。)表示客氣地請求或委婉地陳述意見。 Could I borrow your bike? Could you listen to me carefully? must的用法的用法 (1)表示義務(wù),命令或必要)表示義務(wù),命令或必要 You

35、 must finish it before 5 oclock. Must I hand it in now? (2)表示肯定的推測:一定)表示肯定的推測:一定 She must be a pretty girl. You must be wrong. need的用法的用法 (1) 表示表示“需要,必須需要,必須”,主要用于否定句和疑問,主要用于否定句和疑問句中。句中。 We needn t hand in our homework now. Need I call him for you? (2)need引導(dǎo)的疑問句,肯定回答時多用引導(dǎo)的疑問句,肯定回答時多用must,否定回答時用否定回答時

36、用neednt。 Need he come? 他必須來嗎?他必須來嗎? Yes, he must. 是的,必須來。是的,必須來。 No, he neednt. 不,他不必來。不,他不必來。 may的用法的用法 (1)表示請求、許可、可以)表示請求、許可、可以 May I ask you some questions?May we start now? (2)表示推測,認(rèn)為某一事情)表示推測,認(rèn)為某一事情“或許或許”或或“可能可能”發(fā)生。發(fā)生。 He may be 25 years old. We may come back in three days. should的用法的用法 should意

37、思是意思是“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”,表示勸告或建議,表示勸告或建議(=ought to) Who should I meet this afternoon? You should pack your bag quickly.二、鞏固練習(xí) 一、單項選擇一、單項選擇 1. He had his lunch already. A. will B. would C. has D. have 2. Mary speak English before she left for England. A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to 3. I your h

38、elp. I can do it myself. A. neednt B. dont need to C. need D. dont need 4. some more tea now? A. Do you like B. Will you like C. Would you like D. Should you like 5. you the book to the library? Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago. A. Do, return B. Are, returning C. Will, return D. Have, return

39、ed 6. Dont go to see him. He changed his mind. A. is B. was C. will D. has 7. How many times your uncle been to Beijing? Twice. A. has B. have C. does D. did 8. My boy, you talk to your father like that. A. wont B. hasnt to C. shouldnt D. has to 9. give me a cup of water, Mary? A. Shall you please B

40、. Will you please C. Please you D. Please do you 10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. neednt 11. Since you are very tired, you do it today. A. neednt B. dont need C. neednt to D. not need 12. Li Li get up at 7:30. A. used to B. used

41、C. was used to D. uses to 13. You answer this question. A. havent to B. dont have to C. dont need D. neednt to 14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park. A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie 15. You go with us at once. A. need B. should C. would D. could 16. _I watch

42、 TV after dinner, Mum? No, you . A. May; mustnt B. May; dont C. May; wont D. Must; mustnt 17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai. A. dont knoware B. didnt knowwere C. dont knowwere D. havent knownare18. Is Xiao Li in the classroom? No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now. A. cant be B. mustnt

43、 be C. is D. neednt 19. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? . A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right 20. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying 21 “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Coul

44、d, any D. Can, some 22. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt 23. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall 24. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly? A. mustnt, Can

45、B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could 25. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can 26. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt 28. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall

46、 29. The science book _ good care of. A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken 30. The stars _ in the daytime. A. cant be see B. cant see C. cant be saw D. cant be seen七)了解一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時 三種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式及其基本用法 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來,只有需要被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。一般說來,只有需要動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語

47、態(tài)。漢語往往用動作對象的及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被被”、“受受”、“給給”等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)由等詞來表示被動意義。被動語態(tài)由“助動助動詞詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞(及物動詞的過去分詞(p.p.)”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和的形式,過去分詞部分不變。疑問式和否定式的變化亦如此。否定式的變化亦如此。 1一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)(am/ is/ are +done) English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的許多人都說英語。世

48、界上的許多人都說英語。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都舉行班會。每周四都舉行班會。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。學(xué)生們每天都打掃教室。 2一般過去時的被動語態(tài)一般過去時的被動語態(tài)(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那個男孩打碎了。杯子被那個男孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最終獲救了。他最終獲救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行車被

49、偷了。我的自行車被偷了。 3一般將來時的被動語態(tài)一般將來時的被動語態(tài)(will/ shall be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一個演講。今天下午有一個演講。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一條新馬路。明年要修一條新馬路。 I think thousands of people will be helped. 我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。我認(rèn)為將有數(shù)千人得到幫助。(八) 了解含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式及其 基本用法 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)

50、結(jié)構(gòu)為:情態(tài)動詞+be+過過去分詞去分詞; 其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成,其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完成,“be+過去分詞過去分詞”部分不變。如:部分不變。如: Tables can be made of stone. Tables could be made of stone at that time.(一般過去時)(一般過去時) Can tables be made of stone? 1. The PRC in 1949. A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded 2. The science book _ good car

51、e of. A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken 3. The stars _ in the daytime. A. cant be see B. cant see C. cant be saw D. cant be seen(九)動詞不定式的基本用法 動詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和賓語補動詞不定式在句子中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和賓語補足語和狀語(包括目的狀語,結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。)足語和狀語(包括目的狀語,結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。) 1)作主語)作主語 To dance with you m

52、akes me happy. It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.) 后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示后接不定式作賓語的及物動詞多是表示“意意愿愿”、“企圖企圖”等的動詞,如:等的動詞,如: hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try,promise, refuse. I want to talk with her. She has decided to go.2 2)作賓語)作賓語 在在feel, find, thi

53、nk, make等動詞后如果是不定式作等動詞后如果是不定式作賓語,而補語是形容詞,則通常用賓語,而補語是形容詞,則通常用it作形式賓語,而把作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如:真正的賓語即不定式移至形容詞之后。如: I find it impossible to forget her. He thought it necessary to take an umbrella. 3)作表語)作表語 Her wish is to be a teacher. Your duty is to clean the classroom. 4)作賓語補足語)作賓語補足語 He wants m

54、e to come earlier. The policeman ordered them to turn around. 5)作目的狀語:)作目的狀語: She opened the window to let some fresh air in. I went there to see her yesterday. 6)作結(jié)果狀語:)作結(jié)果狀語: He is too tired to go any further. He is not old enough to join the army. 7)作原因狀語:)作原因狀語: 不定式跟在表示不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容

55、的形容詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因。詞之后,可以表示引起這些情感的原因。 Im sorry to trouble you. Im glad to see you.二、用情態(tài)動詞填空(答案不唯一)二、用情態(tài)動詞填空(答案不唯一) need, neednt, can, cant, shall, shouldntmay, must, mustnt, have to, would 1. I show him the way, I? 2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I . 3. May I keep the book for three weeks? N

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