虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解 (2)

1、語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。句法形式）來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念 一、一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中虛擬條件句虛擬條件句主句主句與與現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相事

2、實(shí)相反的假反的假設(shè)設(shè)與與過(guò)去過(guò)去相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)與與將來(lái)將來(lái)相反的相反的假設(shè)假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞be用用were)主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should,would,might,could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+had +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should, would, might, couldhave done1、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+were to+ 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)should, would might, could動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形eg:If I had ti

3、me, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我是你，我就會(huì)努力學(xué)習(xí)如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了如果我知道他的電話號(hào)碼，我就給他打電話了如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽如果明天下雨的話，我們會(huì)取消比賽If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telep

4、hone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：使用虛擬條件句要注意的幾點(diǎn)：當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為：錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句“，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整If you had followed my advice , you

5、would be better now.If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了如果你聽(tīng)我的建議，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)痊愈了如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)是大學(xué)生了了省略句省略句 在條件句中，可省略在條件句中，可省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school ag

6、ain, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用二、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞從句中的運(yùn)用（1）用于賓語(yǔ)從句）用于賓語(yǔ)從句、wish wish 后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中。 一

7、般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為：表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在過(guò)去時(shí)表過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)表過(guò)去過(guò)去完成時(shí)表將來(lái)表將來(lái)would, might, could動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形I wish (that) I were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2. 2.用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類(lèi)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句。insist, order, command,

8、suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“講時(shí)，講時(shí)，insist 表示表示”堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為“之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。之意時(shí)，應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied wit

9、h our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意他臉上的表情表明他對(duì)我們的工作很滿意那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián)那個(gè)人堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)有偷錢(qián) 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中名詞后的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用要用“should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句My idea is that we (sho

10、uld ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面的從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用：用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞

11、原形 1.我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在 在主語(yǔ)從句中在主語(yǔ)從句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-

12、clause句型中句型中從句用從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中從從句也常用句也常用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型動(dòng)詞原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance. 1. It is (high / about ) time that從句中的謂從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或should動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略不能省略三

13、、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中三、虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其他從句中It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去式應(yīng)用過(guò)去式; 如果是過(guò)去的情況如果是過(guò)去的情況,應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài) If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!3. would rather + 從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí)從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成時(shí)I would rather

14、 you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起來(lái)看起來(lái)常用虛擬形式，即常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去式；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成式用過(guò)去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even tho

15、ugh)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have donecould have done 本來(lái)可以本來(lái)可以- - -might have done 本來(lái)可能本來(lái)可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本來(lái)應(yīng)該做本來(lái)應(yīng)該做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不該做本不該做 - - 你本不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。你本

16、不應(yīng)該告訴她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比較：比較：didnt need to do 沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做沒(méi)必要做也沒(méi)有做 - - - 我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了我沒(méi)必要擦窗戶。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本來(lái)會(huì)去做本來(lái)會(huì)去做-我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)否則我會(huì)買(mǎi)那本書(shū)的我沒(méi)有足夠的錢(qián)否則我會(huì)買(mǎi)那本書(shū)的I didnt have enough money, otherwise

17、 I would have bought that book.Choose the best answer:1. It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished3.He _ you more help,even though he was v

18、ery busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.wasCAAA5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A.had been B. has been C. was D. has gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and