關(guān)于英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作

1、一、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文的寫(xiě)作基本格式與要求一、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)短文的寫(xiě)作基本格式與要求1 1、 標(biāo)題標(biāo)題2 2、三段式作文（、三段式作文（3030分鐘之類完成分鐘之類完成120120240240個(gè)個(gè)wordswords）1 1）大學(xué)二、三級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求）大學(xué)二、三級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求 120120個(gè)個(gè)words words 以內(nèi)以內(nèi)2 2）大學(xué)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求）大學(xué)四級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求150150180180個(gè)個(gè)words words 以內(nèi)以內(nèi)3 3）大學(xué)六級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求）大學(xué)六級(jí)英語(yǔ)作文要求180180240240個(gè)個(gè)words words 以內(nèi)以內(nèi)二、二、標(biāo)題與主題句的關(guān)系標(biāo)題與主題句的關(guān)系1 1、標(biāo)題、標(biāo)題2

2、2、主題句、主題句 主題句主題句寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量的好壞是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三段式作文寫(xiě)作質(zhì)量的好壞是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)三段式作文成敗的成敗的關(guān)鍵關(guān)鍵，是我們課堂教學(xué)和對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，是我們課堂教學(xué)和對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練時(shí)的時(shí)的難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)和重點(diǎn), , 但這一點(diǎn)往往在教學(xué)中被忽但這一點(diǎn)往往在教學(xué)中被忽視。許多教師在對(duì)學(xué)生訓(xùn)練作文時(shí)，一開(kāi)始就讓視。許多教師在對(duì)學(xué)生訓(xùn)練作文時(shí)，一開(kāi)始就讓學(xué)生寫(xiě)學(xué)生寫(xiě)“三段式命題作文三段式命題作文”，這是不符合作文教，這是不符合作文教學(xué)的基本規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)的。因此，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文的學(xué)的基本規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)的。因此，大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文的訓(xùn)練，訓(xùn)練， 應(yīng)該應(yīng)該從三個(gè)段落的主題句的寫(xiě)作開(kāi)始入手從三個(gè)段落的主題句的寫(xiě)作開(kāi)始入

3、手，這樣會(huì)收到很好的效果。這樣會(huì)收到很好的效果。三、三、主題句與支撐句的關(guān)系主題句與支撐句的關(guān)系1 1、什么是主題句？主題句在段落中的作用是什么？、什么是主題句？主題句在段落中的作用是什么？2 2、主題句的特點(diǎn)是什么？在三段式作文中其容量應(yīng)該有多大？、主題句的特點(diǎn)是什么？在三段式作文中其容量應(yīng)該有多大？ 1)a.Mountainsarebeautiful.b.EMeiMountainstretchedbeforeuslikeascenefromEMeiCity.2)a.Graduationfromhighschoolisveryimportant.b.Withoutahighschooldip

4、loma,itisalmostimpossibletogetagoodjob.3)a.NowmostofthecountriesintheworlddeeplybelievethatChinaisagreatsocialistcountrywithalonghistory.b.Chinaneedsmoreforeigninvestmentinherindustrialconstruction.4)a.Mr.WangisanEnglishteacherof50.b.AlmosteverystudentholdstheideathatMr.WangisakindEnglishteacher.提示：

5、主題句一般不使用疑問(wèn)句、條件句；（練習(xí)）提示：主題句一般不使用疑問(wèn)句、條件句；（練習(xí)）四、四、 主題句與段落的關(guān)系主題句與段落的關(guān)系1 1、 主題句在段落中的位置主題句在段落中的位置 1 1）首句）首句 2 2）中位）中位 3 3）尾句（首尾呼應(yīng)）尾句（首尾呼應(yīng)）2 2、主題句與支撐句的區(qū)別及其關(guān)系、主題句與支撐句的區(qū)別及其關(guān)系1 1）主題句的容量大小取決于段落的大?。┲黝}句的容量大小取決于段落的大小 2 2）支撐句是一些信息單一的句子）支撐句是一些信息單一的句子3 3）支撐句需緊扣主題句來(lái)展開(kāi)）支撐句需緊扣主題句來(lái)展開(kāi)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)1 1、如何擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落、如何擴(kuò)展一個(gè)

6、段落（howtodevelopaparagraph）1 1）用）用事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落（byusingfactsorstatistics）2 2）用）用具體事例具體事例來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落 （byusingspecificexamples）3 3）用）用一件小事件或佚事一件小事件或佚事來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落（byusinganincidentorananecdote）4 4）用）用比較或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒ū容^或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒▉?lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落來(lái)擴(kuò)展一個(gè)段落（byusingcomparisonsorcontrasts）五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)2 2、用事實(shí)或

7、數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)擴(kuò)展、用事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)擴(kuò)展（byusingfactsorstatistics） Italy has contributed more immigrants to the United States than any other country except Germany. Over five million Italians came to this country between 1820 and 1063. Large scale immigration began in 1880, and almost seven million Italian immigrants arrive

8、d in the present century. The recent statistics tell us that the Italian immigrants have already covered almost 7% of the total number of the Americans.五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)3 3、用具體事例來(lái)擴(kuò)展、用具體事例來(lái)擴(kuò)展（byusingspecificexamples） Dozens of enterprising businessmen made American life richer, safer, and more comfo

9、rtable. Gail Borden invented condensed milk, a healthy, safe product, in time （1859）when fresh milk was often dangerous. Willis Carrier named his 1902 invention “ air conditioning ”. Clarence Birdseye discovered frozen foods, and Aaron Montgomery Ward brought the department store to the most isolate

10、d farm through the innovation of t he mail order catalog, which made the farmers feel closer to the urban life than ever.五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)4 4、用一件小事件或佚事來(lái)擴(kuò)展、用一件小事件或佚事來(lái)擴(kuò)展（byusinganincidentorananecdote） I think that one of the reasons I became a writer was because once, when I was driving home with my

11、parents, they let me keep a date with a rainbow. There had been a heavy summer storm, when suddenly I screamed, “Stop the car! I must write a poem about that beautiful rainbow! ” My father pulled up at the side of the road and off I went into the drizzle and the sunshine, while they just waited. It

12、was one of those special moments that that change you, made more than youve been. It is an experience in saying “Yes!” to life and thats really what spontaneity and joy are all about.五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)五、段落的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)5 5、用比較或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒▉?lái)擴(kuò)展、用比較或?qū)Ρ鹊姆椒▉?lái)擴(kuò)展（byusingcomparisonsorcontrasts）1）Sometimes there is something very muc

13、h coincidental in the world. For instance, both President Lincoln and President Kennedy were attacked by an assassin on a Friday, and each in the presence of his wife. Each man was shot in the head; in each instance, crowds of people watched the shooting. Lincolns secretary, named Kennedy, had advis

14、ed him not to go to the theater where the attack occurred. Kennedys secretary, named Lincoln, had advised him not to go to Dallas where the attack occurred. Do you think such matters like this are really coincidental or something that must be as it is?2）Although Henry and Rouge were the same age, th

15、at is, almost thirty, they were very different. Henry was twice as large, and fully six times as strong as Rouge. Henrys face was roughened by winds and storms, but Rouges was bloated by sherry-cobblers and brandy-toddy. Henry had led a life of hardship and privation; while Rouge never had a whim wh

16、ich he would not gratify at the first moment he could ever have. Henry, moreover, was the most disinterested man Ive ever seen and met; while Rouge cared for nobody but himself.3 3）這兩種方法的特點(diǎn)）這兩種方法的特點(diǎn) A. A. 比較的方法：比較相同點(diǎn)比較的方法：比較相同點(diǎn) B. B. 對(duì)比的方法：對(duì)比不同點(diǎn)對(duì)比的方法：對(duì)比不同點(diǎn)如何讓你的英語(yǔ)作文更有亮點(diǎn)如何讓你的英語(yǔ)作文更有亮點(diǎn) 一、詞匯選擇一、詞匯選擇標(biāo)新立異標(biāo)

17、新立異 在寫(xiě)作中“較高級(jí)詞匯”的使用主要是指使用大綱上沒(méi)有的詞語(yǔ)、使用通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法變化來(lái)的新詞、使用同(近)義詞或反義詞等來(lái)代替常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)。1)這棟房子在芳草街的一棟樓上。A: The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street.B: The flat situates in a building on Fangcao Street.分析:is in是常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)，而situates in則是大綱上沒(méi)有的，屬于高級(jí)詞匯。 2)在周末我們做很多作業(yè)。 A: At weekends, we have a lot of homework to do. B: At week

18、ends, we have endless homework to do. 分析:B句在表達(dá)時(shí)沒(méi)有使用過(guò)于直接的a lot of，而是使用了endless。endless就是由大綱詞匯end加后綴-less變化來(lái)的。 3)洗澡間和廚房都很好。 A: The bathroom and the kitchen are good. B. The bathroom and the kitchen are well-furnished. 在表達(dá)要點(diǎn)時(shí)，B句使用了well furnished,這比good語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，也顯得生動(dòng)。 在造句時(shí),“較高級(jí)詞匯”如能運(yùn)用貼切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一個(gè)，也會(huì)使你的作文

19、顯示出與眾不同。二、結(jié)構(gòu)造句二、結(jié)構(gòu)造句與眾不同與眾不同 在造句時(shí),既要使句子生動(dòng)，又要使其簡(jiǎn)明扼要。1、使用與人不同的表達(dá)方式，特別是提倡打破漢語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的束縛而重組的句子更受歡迎。1)唐山曾在二十世紀(jì)八十年代發(fā)生過(guò)一次大地震。A: There was a strong earthquake in Tangshan in the 1980s.B: A terrible earthquake hit/struck Tangshan in the 1980s.大多數(shù)同學(xué)使用了there be結(jié)構(gòu)，這是對(duì)的，但是B句卻摒棄了常見(jiàn)句式。另辟蹊徑而使用了“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，且使用了terribl

20、e,hit/strike這樣的詞匯，更是難能可貴的。 2)你八月十五日的來(lái)信我今天早晨收到了。 A:I received your letter which was written on August 15th this morning.(多數(shù)人使用的方式) B: Your letter of August 15th reached/ got to me this morning.(與多數(shù)人使用的方式不同,簡(jiǎn)潔) 2.使用一些強(qiáng)勢(shì)句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)句的表現(xiàn)力。如：3)阿福救了我妹妹。A: Ah Fu saved my sister.(一般句式)B: It was Ah F

21、u that saved my sister.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句式) 4)我們看到莊稼和蔬菜長(zhǎng)勢(shì)喜人很是高興。 A: We were glad to see crops and vegetables growing well.(一般陳述句) B: How glad we were to see crops and vegetables growing well.(感嘆句) 3、句式多樣,復(fù)雜得體。在寫(xiě)作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長(zhǎng)度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合，簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句與復(fù)合句共用，還可使用簡(jiǎn)化句等；一些較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)如獨(dú)立主格，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等也可使用。下面的表達(dá)中A句簡(jiǎn)單句多，而且多處使用the

22、re be結(jié)構(gòu)，顯得單調(diào)、乏味，而B(niǎo)句就有自己的特色。 5)這是一套25平方米的住房，住房里面有臥室、有洗澡間、有廚房；臥室里有床、沙發(fā)、桌子和椅子等。 A: Its a flat of 25 square metres. There is a bedroom in the flat. There is a bathroom and a kitchen in it, too. In the bedroom, there is a bed; there is a sofa, a desk and a chair as well. B: Its a flat of 25 square metres

23、, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. 三、布局謀篇三、布局謀篇獨(dú)具匠心獨(dú)具匠心 在寫(xiě)作中，我們可按時(shí)間、空間或其它邏輯順序來(lái)安排各要點(diǎn)，同時(shí)為使主題突出,結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，我們應(yīng)注意學(xué)習(xí)和使用交代句以及段落的主題句等。在布局謀篇上，NMET2002范文堪稱典范。請(qǐng)看：Opinions are divided on the question.60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become nece