動(dòng)詞不定式教案

1、.動(dòng)詞不定式教案教學(xué)目標(biāo)1. 學(xué)會(huì)什么是動(dòng)詞不定式2. 會(huì)使用動(dòng)詞不定式重難點(diǎn)1.能正確的使用動(dòng)詞不定式的各種用法教學(xué)步驟Grammar: 動(dòng)詞不定式. 不定式句法功能1. 作主語(yǔ)：The cat said, “To take roller coaster” is terrible.不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在句首，但在很多情況下，尤其是在疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句中，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，而用先行代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。 The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller c

2、oaster? How terrible it is to take roller coaster?不定式作主語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)句型：a) It is + adj. (easy, important, difficult) + 不定式b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式eg. Its my duty to teach you how to be a student of No.3 Middle School.c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, day

3、s, patience) + 不定式eg. It requires patience to be a good teacher.2. 作表語(yǔ)：當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestion, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語(yǔ)是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時(shí)，后面可以用不定式做表語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所包含內(nèi)容。eg. Our most important task now is to make a plan.注：作表語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，to可以省略。eg. The only thing we

4、 can do now is wait and see.3.作賓語(yǔ)The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!”.a) 可以直接用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞很多，常見(jiàn)的有：agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promise, refuse, want, wish等I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers

5、 plan is unfair.A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)比賓補(bǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí)，往往將不定式放到賓補(bǔ)后，而用先行代詞it作形式賓語(yǔ)，常用動(dòng)詞有feel, think, find, believe, consider, make等。The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster.b) 不定式一般不作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下作介詞賓語(yǔ)的不定式都帶to，如果but或except所在句子里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是

6、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do, does, did時(shí)，通常省略to。Eg. We have no choice but to wait.Cf. We can do nothing but wait.4. 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在SVOC句型中，許多動(dòng)詞都可以按不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。a) 通常作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to，常用于以下動(dòng)詞之后：ask, tell, advise, allow, enable, expect, force, get, like, order, teach, want, invite, wish, beg等You should get them to help you.但在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞believe,

7、find, think, feel, consider, suppose, imagine, prove等后面跟to be作賓補(bǔ)，不跟to doeg. They believe him to be honest.b) 以下兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不能帶to一些表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞，如：let, have, make等一些表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞，如：hear, feel, see, watch, notice等Dont let the children trouble you.I heard someone open the door.但當(dāng)這兩類(lèi)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式就成了主補(bǔ)。作主補(bǔ)的不定式必須加

8、上toHis father made him go to bed early.He was made to go to bed early by his father.5. 作定語(yǔ)不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞。以下幾類(lèi)情況常用不定式作定語(yǔ)：能帶不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，其同源名詞可以帶不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等eg. He hasnt kept his promise to write to his parents regularly.常與不定式搭配的形容詞，其同源名詞一般可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的有ability, deter

9、mination, anxiety, eagerness等eg. His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear.序數(shù)詞形容詞最高級(jí)或被only, last, next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語(yǔ)：She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.Tips: 不定式在作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)與被修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，如果該不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。Eg. Hes always the first to come and the last

10、to leave. 主謂關(guān)系 Ive no time to listen to your excuse. 同位關(guān)系 She has a meeting to attend. （動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=attend a meeting） Theres nothing to worry about. (動(dòng)賓關(guān)系=worry about nothing)6. 作狀語(yǔ)不定式可以作狀語(yǔ)，表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。to, in order to , so as to (不能放在句首)作目的狀語(yǔ)All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Chris

11、tmas.A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving在soas to, such.as to, only to 結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，其中only to用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果。He hurried to the station only to find the train had gone.enough to, tooto結(jié)構(gòu)eg. The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy i

12、s too young to go to school.形容詞（happy, glad, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slow, cruel, clever等）+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)eg. Im glad to meet you. The question is different to answer. He is hard to get along with.7. 作插入語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度、看法、對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)鐃o be frank（坦白地說(shuō)），to be sure（確實(shí)）等。Eg. To tel

13、l you the truth, I hate you.8. 作同位語(yǔ)eg. The order to start the general attack soon came.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，以it為形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，如果其前的形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)就用：for sb. to do sth.這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。It is necessary for me to learn English well.如果該形容詞是指行為的性質(zhì)，同時(shí)又指行為的人，則用of sb. to do sth.。這種句式中的常用形容詞有：right, wrong, brave

14、, careful, careless, clever, wise, stupid, cruel, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, silly等。eg. Its very kind of you to come to see me.連接代（副）詞+不定式（包括whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, 不包括why），在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在諸如tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain等動(dòng)詞后作賓、主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Eg. No one can tell

15、me where to find John.When to the exam is still unknown. The problem is how to get enough money.不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式不定式的進(jìn)行式由to be + V-ing構(gòu)成，用來(lái)表示謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Eg. Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in.不定式完成式由to have + V-ed構(gòu)成，用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前。Eg. - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left答案是A不定式的被動(dòng)式分為一般式被動(dòng)to be V-ing和完成式被動(dòng)to have been V-ed。當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Eg. It is an honour for me to be invi