Book3_unit1---grammar

1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情或語氣，對(duì)某情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表說話人的某種感情或語氣，對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的某種態(tài)度。表示“需要、可需要、可以、以、必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)必須、應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。等。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 ( modal verbs)Unit 1 Festivals around the worldGrammar1) Some of us can use the computer now, but we couldnt last year.2) The new-built theatre can hold 1500 people.3) Can she be in the computer c

2、enter?4) I though what he said could not be true.5) Can/Could I use your dictionary?6) Could you lend me a hand?1. 1.表能力表能力3. 表示表示“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求” “允許允許”(表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語中常用表請(qǐng)求時(shí)，口語中常用 could 代替代替 can 使語氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用使語氣更委婉，回答時(shí)用can)2. 表示推測(cè)，意為表示推測(cè)，意為“可能可能”“”“或許或許”，用于疑問句或否定句，用于疑問句或否定句1. can 與與could4. 表示表示“許可許可”，可與，可與may 換用。換用。

3、You can go home now.5. can 用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、不相信等，用于疑問句或否定句中時(shí)，表驚異、不相信等， 意思是意思是“可能、能夠可能、能夠”。How can you say that you really understand the wholestory if you have covered only part of the article?6. cant/ couldnt +have + done 表示對(duì)過去情況的否定表示對(duì)過去情況的否定 推測(cè)推測(cè)Susan cant have written a report like this.7. could +

4、 have + done 表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情表示對(duì)過去能做而未做的事情 感到惋惜，遺憾。感到惋惜，遺憾。Its a pity. Your class could have got the first prize.注意注意can can 的慣用語的慣用語On hearing the story, I cannot help laughing .On hearing the story, I cannot help laughing .You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.You cannot be too careful whe

5、n crossing the road.cannot help + 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事cannot too 無論怎么樣無論怎么樣也不為過也不為過,越越越好越好 I can never speak too highly of this idea.I cannot thank you too much.1. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may2. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be th

6、at he was late for the opening ceremony? A. can B. should C. may D. must3. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York. - Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed4. My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lectu

7、re. A. couldnt have attended B. neednt have attended C. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended2. may 與與might1. 表示表示“許可許可”或或“請(qǐng)求請(qǐng)求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，口語中的意思，口語中 常用常用 might 代代 may ,表示委婉語氣。表示委婉語氣。 否定回答時(shí)用否定回答時(shí)用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”， 不用不用 “may not”. “may not” 表示表示“可能不可能不” 。Eg: 1)- May I watch TV aft

8、er supper? - Yes, you may. / No, you mustnt. 2) Today is Sunday. She may not be in her office now.2. 表示可能性。表示可能性。 意為意為“或許，可能或許，可能” might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。Eg: 1) It might be true. 2) They may be in the library now.3. may/ might as well + 動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 “還是還是的好的好” Eg: You may as well go and have a look.4. M

9、ay you +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形, 表表“希望、祝愿、祈求希望、祝愿、祈求” ; “祝你祝你”Eg: May you succeed.1. Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. A. might B. should C. can D. will2. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will3. Some people who dont lik

10、e to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would4. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling.（2008全國全國II） A. will B. can C. must D. may 3. will 與與would 1. 表表“請(qǐng)求、建議請(qǐng)求、建議”等，用等，用 would 比用比用will 委婉，客氣些委婉，客氣些Eg: 1)Will you lend me your

11、 book? 2) Would you like a cup of tea?2. 用于表示意志或意愿。用于表示意志或意愿。 will 指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在， 而而 would 指指 過去。過去。Eg: 1) Ill never do that again. 2) They said that they would help us.3.表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 譯作譯作 “總是、慣于總是、慣于” will 指現(xiàn)在，指現(xiàn)在， would 指過去。指過去。Eg: 1)He will often read all night. 2) Fish will die without water. 3) E

12、very evening, she would sit by window, deep in thought.4. 表示功能，譯作表示功能，譯作“能、行能、行”Eg: 1) That will be all right. 2) This door wont open.5. 用于否定句中，表示用于否定句中，表示“不肯、不樂意不肯、不樂意”Eg: No matter what I said, he wont listen to me.1. The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A.

13、 treated B. were treated C. would treat D. would be treated2. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done3. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may4. Alth

14、ough this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should 4. should1. 用于表勸告、建議。用于表勸告、建議。 意為意為”應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)應(yīng)該、應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Eg. You should keep your promise.2. 用于表推測(cè)。用于表推測(cè)。 意為意為 “可能、該可能、該”Eg. 1) Its 7 oclock, he should be at home. 2) They should have arrived by now.3. 用于第一人稱，表示說話人的

15、謙遜、客氣的語氣用于第一人稱，表示說話人的謙遜、客氣的語氣Eg. I should advise you not to do that.1. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might2. I dont care what people think. Well, you _ A. could B. would C. should D. might3

16、. -What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? -There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall5. shall 與與will1. Shall 與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問句中時(shí)，與第一、三人稱連用，且用在疑問句中時(shí)， 表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。表說話人征求聽話者的允諾。 Will 與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)，與第二人稱連用，且出現(xiàn)在疑問句中時(shí)， 表示請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求。 Would 更客氣。更客氣。1) Shall we begin our discussion?2) Sha

17、ll the driver wait?3) Will you speak louder, please?2. shall的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人的主語是第二、三人稱的陳述句，表示說話人 的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。的允諾、警告、命令等語氣。 will 的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句，的主語是第一、二、三人稱的陳述句， 表意志、意愿。表意志、意愿。Eg: 1)You shall get the book tomorrow. 2) He shall be punished. 3) You shall go with me. 4) If you will come to my hou

18、se. I will show you my new painting.允諾允諾警告警告命令命令1. -What does the sign over there read? -“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.”2007 四川卷四川卷 A. will B. may C. shall D. must2. -Whats the name? -Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might 6.

19、cant用來表示由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。用來表示由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。Eg: 1) -Listen, someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? - It cant be Tom, he has gone abroad. 2) - Can/ could they have finished the work? - No, they cant have finished the work so soon.7. must1. 表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為表示義務(wù)或強(qiáng)烈的勸告，意為“必須必須”“”“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”， 其否定式表示

20、其否定式表示“不應(yīng)該不應(yīng)該”“”“不許可不許可” “不準(zhǔn)不準(zhǔn)”“”“禁止禁止”。Eg: 1) You must finish your homework first. 2) Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.2. 回答回答 must 所在的一般疑問句時(shí)，否定回答用所在的一般疑問句時(shí)，否定回答用 “neednt” “dont have to”.Eg: -Must we finish the work tomorrow? -No, you neednt/ dont have to, but you must finish it in

21、three days.3. 表推測(cè)，用于肯定句，意為表推測(cè)，用于肯定句，意為“一定一定”“”“務(wù)必務(wù)必”。Eg: 1) Betty must be in the next room. 2) He must be watering the flowers in his garden. 1. One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can2. - Must he

22、 come to sign this paper himself?- Yes, he .A. need B. must C. may D. will情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have done這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，可表示這是歷年高考熱點(diǎn)之一，可表示“推測(cè)、推測(cè)、責(zé)備、懷疑責(zé)備、懷疑” 等多種意義。等多種意義。一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)一、表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)或估計(jì)1. must have done “想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事想必或肯定已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is rather wet, so it must have rained last night.2. may/mig

23、ht have done “可能可能/大概已經(jīng)做了某事大概已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: Tom may have gone to shanghai, but I still not sure about it.3. cant/couldnt have done “不可能已經(jīng)做了某事不可能已經(jīng)做了某事” eg: The ground is very dry, so it cant have rained last night注：在疑問句中注：在疑問句中 can/could 表示對(duì)過去情況的疑問性表示對(duì)過去情況的疑問性 推測(cè)，推測(cè)，“可能已經(jīng)可能已經(jīng)了嗎？了嗎？” eg: Someone must ha

24、ve broken into our bedroom, Who could have done it?二、表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的遺憾或責(zé)備二、表示對(duì)過去所發(fā)生事情的遺憾或責(zé)備1. should/ought to have done “過去本該做而沒做過去本該做而沒做” eg: I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard, but it was too late.2. shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “過去不該做的事卻做了過去不該做的事卻做了” eg: Im very sor

25、ry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.3. could/might have done “本來能夠做的事卻沒做本來能夠做的事卻沒做” eg: He could have worked out the problem.He neednt have come.He didnt need to come. 他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際也沒來）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）他本沒有必要來（實(shí)際卻來了）4. neednt have done “原本不必做的事卻做了原本不必做的事卻做了” eg: Your home is not far from your school, so you neednt have left in such a hurry.5. didnt need to do/ didnt have to do “ 沒有必要做，實(shí)際也沒做沒有必要做，實(shí)際也沒做” eg: