英語文體學-Chapter-3-Varieties-of-LanguagePPT課件

1、WANG Yao SDUT2021/7/241English StylisticsChapter 3 Varieties of Language2021/7/242ContentsTwo kinds of varieties1Dialects2Registers 3Social meaning of language varieties5Mutual dependence bet. register and dialect42021/7/2433.1 Two kinds of varietiesoLanguage is used in a contextoLanguage in use is

2、determined by a variety of situationsoModern linguistics has worked out a system of variety categories2021/7/2443.1 Two kinds of varietiesoThe features of the situational circumstances of speech events that can be consistently related to variations in language use fall into two groups:nDialectal 方言變

3、體nDiatypic 功能變體2021/7/2453.1 Two kinds of varietiesoDialectal varieties dialectsnAssociated with different usersnPermanent features in individual, temporal, regional, social and standard aspectsoDiatypic varieties registers nAssociated with different language usenDepending on different types of occa

4、sionsnThree dimensions: field, mode, and tenor of discourse2021/7/2463.2 Dialectso3.2.1 Individual dialect IdiolectnOnes own features of speech/writing habitsnVoice qualitynPitch & stress patternsnLexical itemsnGrammatical structures- xxs language/style2021/7/2473.2 Dialectso3.2.2 Temporal dialectnV

5、arieties correlating with various periods of the development of languageEnglish: Old Eng.(4501100) Anglo-Saxon; Beowulf Middle Eng.(11001500) The Canterbury Tales Modern Eng. (1500now) W. Shakespeare; Samuel Johnson2021/7/2483.2 Dialectso3.2.3 Regional dialectnDifferent speech patterns in different

6、placesnAccent (倫敦小伙兒模仿全球倫敦小伙兒模仿全球24種英語口音種英語口音)nEnglish British Eng. American Eng.Differences: phonology, graphology, vocabulary, grammar (p.27-28)2021/7/2493.2 Dialectso3.2.4 Social dialectnA variety with certain social groupn4 varieties:nSocioeconomic status social class/ranknEthnic varieties Black

7、 Eng.: phonological, verb, there is, multiple negative constructions nGender varieties male/femalenAge varieties old men/young men2021/7/24103.2 Dialectso3.2.5 Standard dialectnRange of intelligibility standard / non-standardnStandard dialect: based on the language of educated native speakers which

8、enables speakers of the language to communicate intelligibly with each othernOccasions to use: taught in schools and to non-native speakers; news; dictionaries and grammars2021/7/24113.3 Registers oFishman: who speaks what language to whom and when2021/7/24123.3 Registers o3.3.1 Field of discoursenR

9、eflecting the purposive role of language usernSocial activity the language user is engaged in doing in the situation in which the text has occurrednThe language the user uses will show what his/her language is about, what experience he/she is verbalizing, what is going on in the speech eventnTechnic

10、al vs non-technical (p.33-34)oNon-technical: non-specialist fields, casual oTechnical: specialist fields, restricted, formalvocabulary, grammar2021/7/24133.3 Registerso3.3.2 Mode of discoursenReflecting the relationship that the language user has to the medium of communicationnSpeaking vs. writingnF

11、eatures of spoken and written languageoSpoken: false starts, interruptions, repetitions, grunts, shrieks, eroWritten: none of the above, punctuation2021/7/24143.3 Registerso3.3.3 Tenor of discoursenReflecting othe personal relationships between speaker/writer and hearer/readeroWhat the user is tryin

12、g to do with language for/to his/her addressee(s) nPersonal tenordegrees of formalitynFunctional tenorintention of the user in using the language2021/7/24153.3 Registerso3.3.4 The notion of registernInterrelation among field, mode and tenors of discourseoField is related to modeoMode is related to p

13、ersonal and functional tenorsoConfiguration of the 3 contextual features (p.37)nFeatures of registers: phonological, lexical, grammaticalnRegisters: distinctive varieties of language used in different types of situation2021/7/24163.4 The mutual dependence between register and dialectoA language user

14、 can speak in many registersoA dialect has relatively permanent featuresoA language user may learn the language habits of another dialect for certain usesoThe selection of one dialect in different situations is related to language use2021/7/24173.5 The social meaning of language varietiespTo convey many other kinds of information besides the message being communicated by analyzing the stylistic features of a text in te