第九講虛擬語氣

1、第九講 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣考點點擊（一）考點一：虛擬語氣在條件句中的基本形式1. (10天津，15) John went to the hospital alone. If he _ me about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told2. (10北京，34) The weather has been very hot and dry. Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my

2、 vegetables _. A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died3. (10湖南，29) If he _ my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job. A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow4. (10陜西，15) If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. h

3、ad taken C. took D. have taken5. (09天津，15) The printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might考點說明：(1-5 DDCBB) 高考對虛擬語氣的考查多集中在對含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣的基本形式的考查上。做這類試題時，首先要弄清楚題干與什么時間的事實相反的假設(shè)，然后運用所學(xué)知識判斷主句和從句的謂語動詞的正確形式，如：

4、第1-4小題都是與過去事實相反的假設(shè)；第5小題是與將來事實相反的假設(shè)。考點二：虛擬語氣應(yīng)用的特殊情況1. (10浙江，10) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be savedD. was saved2. (10江蘇，34) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he

5、_ more on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused3. (09福建，35) But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won4. (08山東，24) Thank you for all your hard work last

6、week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed考點說明：(1-4 ABBB) 高考也會考查虛擬語氣應(yīng)用的一些特殊情況，如：第1小題虛擬語氣的倒裝；第2小題的would rather ；第3、4小題的but for , without “要是沒有”。虛擬語氣考點歸納（一）高考對虛擬語氣的考查主要涉及其謂語動詞形式，因此記住不同情況的虛擬語氣的謂語動詞形式是很重要的。 一、含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣形式1. 與現(xiàn)在事實相反的

7、假設(shè)。 if從句中：did 主句中：would (could, might, should) doIf I were you, I would attend the lecture.If it didnt rain, we could be having a picnic now. 2. 與過去事實相反的假設(shè)。 if從句中：had done 主句中：would (could, might, should) have done If I had taken your advice, I would not have failed in the exam.If he had come earlie

8、r, he would have caught the train. 3. 與將來事實相反的假設(shè)。if從句中：did / were to do / should do主句中：would (could, might, should) do If he should not come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting till next Monday.If it were to snow next week, we might not go on our holiday. 看下面一道高考題：(07全國II，8) _ he had not hurt his

9、 leg, John would have won the race. A. If B. Since C. Though D. When簡析：A?？疾樘摂M語氣。由主、從句謂語動詞看，句子為虛擬語氣，表示與過去事實相反，缺少連接詞，故選A。二、虛擬語氣應(yīng)用的特殊情況1. 如果條件句中含were, had, should，可將if省略，而把這些詞放到主語之前。如： Were I you, I would accept his gift. Had he come yesterday, he would have met his girlfriend. Should it rain, the frui

10、t would be saved.2. 主、從句與事實相反的時間不一致，我們稱之為“混合時間的虛擬語氣”。如： If you had followed the teachers advice, you would be quite all right now. 3. 有時虛擬語氣的條件是通過介詞、副詞、連詞和其它成分來體現(xiàn)的，不出現(xiàn)條件句，這在英語中稱為“含蓄條件句”。如： Without water, fish would die. But for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. Given more money, the di

11、rector could have made a better film.看下面一道高考題：(09安徽，34) But for their help, we _ the program in time. A. can not finishB. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished簡析：D。考查虛擬語氣。句意：要不是他們幫助，我們就不能及時完成這個項目。虛擬語氣的條件用but for their help來表示，根據(jù)句意，與過去事實相反，故選D。能力突破一、根據(jù)漢語提示完成下列句子。1. If you had

12、nt taken such a long time to get dressed, _ (我們現(xiàn)在就到了). 2. Without computers, much of todays advanced technology _ (就不會取得).3. _ (萬一明天下雨), we would have to call off the picnic.4. I regret not having taken your advice. _ (否則，我不會犯這樣錯誤).5. If _ (明天下雨), I would not go there.6. You are late. If you _ (早來幾分

13、鐘), you would have met him.7. If we had made adequate preparations, _ (我們也許已成功).8. If he had not hurt his leg, John _ (會來參會的).9. But for these interruptions, _(會早就開完了).10. Tom looks sleepy. _(你也會)if you had a high fever.一、1. we would be there now 2. would not have been achieved 3. Should it rain tom

14、orrow 4. Otherwise, I wouldnt have made such a mistake 5. it were to rain tomorrow 6. had come a few minutes earlier 7. we might have succeeded 8. would have attended the meeting 9. the meeting would have ended a lot earlier 10. So would you 二、翻譯下列句子。1. 要是早點動身，我就會趕上火車。 _2. 如果她嫁給杰克，她會幸福的。 _3. 我要是有錢，我

15、就買汽車。 _4. 你不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開，你不會那么累。 _5. 如果昨天晚上下雨，今天就會非常涼爽了。 _6. 如果沒有電，人類現(xiàn)在的生活就會是另一種樣子了。 _7. 踢球前他猶豫了一會，否則他會破門得分。 _二、1. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 2. If she were to marry Jack, she would be happy. 3. If I were rich, I would buy a car. 4. You didnt let me drive. If we h

16、ad driven in turn, you wouldnt have got so tired. 5. If it had rained last night, it would be very cool today. 6. Without electricity, human life would be quite different now. 7. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would have scored a goal. Grammar quiz 語法小測 從每題所給的A、B、C和D

17、四個選項中，選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。1. “If I _ taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict. A. didnt start B. havent started C. hadnt started D. shouldnt start2. Tell him to finish the composition first, _ he come this afternoon. A. if B. should C. were D. had 3. If it were

18、not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. be D. are4. Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ earlier. A. arrived B. had arrived C. would arrive D. would have arrived5. We_ here at lunchtime, but we were delayed at the airport.

19、A. would have been B. must have been C. could be D. should be6. You didnt wait for Mr Smith last night, did you? Yes, but we_. He didnt return home at all. A. dont have to B. neednt have C. dont need to D. should have7. _ it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain t

20、o wait for the sun _.A. If; to raise B. Were; to rise C. Should; to rise D. Because; raising8. I guess you missed the last bus? So I did. If only I _ five minutes earlier! A. arrived B. was arriving C. had arrived D. would arrive 9. Did you go to watch the basketball match last night? No, I didnt fe

21、el well but I would have gone if I _. A. were B. did C. should D. had10. He said that if he _ how it worked, he _ me what to do. A. knows; would tell B. knew; would have told C. had known; would tell D. had known; would have told語法小測1-5 CBDDA 6-10 BBCDD 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1. If anyone _ (come) this way,

22、 we would be caught like rats in a trap.2. “If I _ (start) taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.3. If you _ (not practise) speaking English regularly, you would never become fluent.4. If we _ (get) there on time, we wouldnt have found the door locked.5

23、. If the rocket had gone into orbit, it _ (mark) a step forward in space research.6. If I _ (know) French, I _ (read) the French article.7. If my father _ (not tell) him his name, his first teacher_ (not recognize) him.8. We went in the completely wrong direction. If we _ (pay) more attention to the

24、 signboards, we _ (not lose) our way.9. He didnt join the swimming club. If his father_ (give) him permission, he _ (join) it.10. Its too bad; the weather is so poor. If it _ (not snow), we _ (go) for a drive.11. He _ (arrest) by the police if he_ (try) to enter the country illegally. 12. Tell him t

25、o finish the composition first, if he _ (come) this afternoon. 13. If it were not for the fact that you _ (be) ill, I would ask you to do this right now.14. Why are you so late? I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _ (arrive) earlier.15. We_ (be) here at lunchtime, but we were delayed at the airport

26、.16. If he _ (take) an umbrella with him this morning, he wouldnt be wet all over now.17. _ (be) it to clear up tomorrow, the tourists would climb to the top of the mountain to wait for the sun to rise.18. I guess you missed the last bus? So I did. If only I _ (arrive) five minutes earlier! 19. Did

27、you go to watch the basketball match last night? No, I didnt feel well but I _ (go) if I had.20. He said that if he _ (know) how it worked, he _ (tell) me what to do. Keys：(One possible version)語法小測1. came 2. hadnt started 3. didnt practise 4. had got 5. would have marked 6. knew; could read 7. hadn

28、t told; wouldnt have recognized 8. had paid; wouldnt have lost 9. had given; would have joined 10. were not snowing; would go 11. would be arrested; tried 12. should come 13. are 14. would have arrived 15. would have been 16. had taken 17. Were 18. had arrived 19. would have gone 20. had known; woul

29、d have told虛擬語氣考點點擊（二）考點一：考查賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 1. (10福建，29) Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow2. (09浙江，13) The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. cou

30、ldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt3. How I wish I _ a car now! I have to take trouble to go to work on the crowded bus every day. A. will have B. had C. would have D. should have考點說明： 高考對于虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的考查主要集中在動詞：建議(suggest, advise, propose)、命令(order, command)、要求(require, request, demand)、堅持(insist) 等 等，其賓語從句中的

31、謂語動詞要用“should do”的形式，如第2小題；其中should經(jīng)常省略，如第1小題；以及動詞wish后的賓語從句中，如第3小題。 考點二：考查表語或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 1. My suggestion is that some measures _ to stop the river from being polluted. A. must takeB. should takeC. be takenD. are taken 2. We are all for your proposal that the discussion _. A. be put off B. was put

32、off C. should put of D. is to put off考點說明：在表示“建議、命令，要求等”的動詞衍生出的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞也要用“should do”形式的虛擬語氣，should經(jīng)常省略?？键c三：考查主語從句中的虛擬語氣 1. It is required that in no case_ our password. A. we should forget B. should we forget C. shall we forget D. we shall forget2. It was necessary that the injured _ to the

33、 nearest hospital at once. A. were sentB. should sendC. had sentD. be sent 考點說明： 高考對于虛擬語氣在主語從句中的考查主要是，在句型“It is / was required / suggested that ”以及“It is / was necessary / importantthat ”中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句要使用“should do”形式的虛擬語氣，should經(jīng)常省略?？键c四：考查狀語從句中的虛擬語氣 (06全國I，31) Eliza remembers everything exactly as i

34、f it _ yesterday.A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened考點說明：高考對于虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的考查除了if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件狀語從句外，通常還用as if / though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語中。 考點五：考查定語從句中的虛擬語氣Its high time that he settled down in the city and _ a new life.A. start B. started C. to start D. starting考點說明：高考對于虛擬語氣在定語從句中的考查主要是，在句型“It is

35、(high) time that ”中，that引導(dǎo)的從句中要使用“did或should do”的形式。虛擬語氣考點歸納（二）一、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣 在表示建議(suggest, advise, propose)、命令(order, command)、要求(require, request, demand)、堅持(insist) 等動詞后that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句中的謂語動詞要用“should do”的形式，其中should經(jīng)常省略。如：The teacher suggests that the boy should finish his homework first.The boss d

36、emanded that the task be completed right away. He suggested that we should start off early the next day.The doctor ordered that the patient be sent to hospital without delay. 動詞wish后的賓語從句：如果與主句謂語動詞同時，從句的謂語用did / were的形式；如果先于主句謂語動詞，從句的謂語用had done的形式；如果后于主句謂語動詞，從句的謂語用would do的形式。如：I wish I had finishe

37、d writing the book yesterday, but I was too busy.二、表語或同位語從句中的虛擬語氣 在表示“建議、命令，要求等”的動詞衍生出的表語從句或同位語從句中，謂語動詞也要使用“should do”形式的虛擬語氣，should經(jīng)常省略。如： My demand is that you finish your homework before going to bed.My suggestion is that you should get up early every morning.After a while he made a suggestion th

38、at they should carry on their conversation in Chinese.We should consider the students request that the school library provide more books on popular science.三、主語從句中的虛擬語氣在句型“It is / was required / suggested that ”以及“It is / was necessary / important that ”中，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句要使用“should do”形式的虛擬語氣，should經(jīng)常省略。

39、如：It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.Its necessary that they should go there at once.四、狀語從句中的虛擬語氣狀語從句中的虛擬語氣除了if引導(dǎo)的非真實條件狀語從句外，通常還用as if / though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語中，形式同wish后的賓語從句。如：He behaves as if he had no common sense.He was shaking with fright as if he had seen a ghost.五、定語從句中

40、的虛擬語氣虛擬語氣在定語從句中應(yīng)用主要用于句型“It is time that ”中，從句謂語動詞用“did / were或should do”的形式，should不能省去。如加強(qiáng)語氣可在time前加high。如：It is (high) time that you went to work.It is time that we should put an end to this discussion.能力突破一、根據(jù)漢語提示，完成下列句子。1. I wish _ (我沒有像那樣說) to my teacher just now. 2. When a pencil is partly in a

41、 glass of water, it looks _ (好像斷了).3. Li Ming speaks English as if _ (他是個美國人).4. It is time that we sat down and _ (為期末考試做好準(zhǔn)備).5. The order came that _ (戰(zhàn)士們離開村子) the next morning.6. What he said suggested that _ (他是個騙子).7. It is necessary that _ (我們打掃屋子) every day. 8. We agree to his proposal that _

42、 (運動會推遲) till next week. 9. I wish _ (一年四季如春).10. Dont you want to go to the cinema with us? _ (我希望能), but I have an appointment.二、翻譯下列句子。1. 顧客要求我們提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量。 _2. 我們會認(rèn)真考慮他的建議在校園里再建一個游泳池。 _3. 我們馬上動身很有必要。 _4. 難道不是你開始言歸正傳的時候嗎？ _5. 老板的命令是工作必須在六點前完成。 _Grammar quiz 語法小測 從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。1. Jan

43、es face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; haveC. should be; hadD. was; has2. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should beB. would be C. have beenD. had been3. The doctor recommended that I _ here

44、for the sunshine before I started for home. A. come B. came C. would come D. must come4. Its strange that such a thing _ in your school.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. It is high time that our child _ to do some housework. A. learnedB. learn C. will learn D. would learn6. I

45、wish I _ the meeting last week.A. could attend B. attendedC. have attended D. had attended 7. How I wish I _ to repair the electronic watch! I only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try8. Any information about your son? No. If only I _ those tough words to him.A. didn

46、t say B. hadnt said C. shouldnt have said D. couldnt have said9. What he suggested is _ we _ to the English broadcast in the morning. A. how; would listen B. that; might listen C. that; listen D. what; should listen10. It is required in some colleges that lights in students dorms _ off by 11 oclock.

47、 A.be switched B.would switch C.should switch D.must be switched 第9期B2版Keys： 能力突破 (One possible version)一、1. I hadnt said like that 2. as if it were broken 3. he were an American 4. got ready for the final examination 5. the soldiers leave the village 6. he was a cheat 7. we should clean the room 8.

48、 the sports meeting be put off 9. it were spring all the year round 10. I wish I could二、1. Customers demand that we improve the quality of our products. 2. We will seriously consider his suggestion that another swimming pool should be built in our school. 3. Its necessary that we set off at once. 4. Isnt it about time that you began to get down to business.5. The boss order is that the work be finished before 6 oclock.語法小測1-5 BDACA 6-10 DBBCA 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞適當(dāng)形式填空。1. Janes face sugg