同位語(yǔ)從句的運(yùn)用-公開(kāi)課

1、Appositives , Appositive Clauses And Their Application同位語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ) 、同位語(yǔ)從句及運(yùn)用、同位語(yǔ)從句及運(yùn)用 Zhao MeiStep1. Warming up and lead in熱熱身和導(dǎo)入身和導(dǎo)入 Read the following sentences and find out what kind of parts of speech the underlined words are. 讀下列句子，讀下列句子，并指出劃?rùn)M線詞語(yǔ)所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?。并指出劃?rùn)M線詞語(yǔ)所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞帧?He, Song Joong-ki , was born

2、 on September 19, 1985. 宋仲基出生于1985年9月19日。Descendents of the sun, a mini TV series, attracted us all.太陽(yáng)的后裔，一部迷你電視劇，吸引了我們所有人。People, male and female, are attracted by Song Joong-ki.人們，男的女的，都為宋仲基所吸引。 Although I was also attracted by this TV play, the belief that true love can overcome all difficulties

3、left the deepest impression on me. 盡管我也為這部電視劇所吸引，給我印象最深的還是真愛(ài)能克服一切困難這個(gè)信念。 總結(jié)：同位語(yǔ)是句子成分的一種總結(jié)：同位語(yǔ)是句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、代詞后面它位于名詞、代詞后面, 關(guān)系不緊關(guān)系不緊密時(shí)密時(shí),可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，補(bǔ)充解釋說(shuō)可用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，補(bǔ)充解釋說(shuō)明它們的明它們的_, 它可以由它可以由_、_、_或或_充當(dāng)。充當(dāng)。身份或具體內(nèi)容身份或具體內(nèi)容 從句從句名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)名詞或名詞短語(yǔ) 代詞代詞 形容詞形容詞 Step2. Appositive clauses同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句 Task 1: Read the follow

4、ing sentences and find out the rules for appositive clauses. 任務(wù)一：讀下列句子，并找出同任務(wù)一：讀下列句子，并找出同位語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)則。位語(yǔ)從句的規(guī)則。1) The fact that he is handsome and humorous is absolutely true.2) I have no idea why Song Joong-ki attracted so many fans.3) I have been thinking about the question whether I should try to see h

5、im in person.4) In this TV play, there was a suggestion that all men should have a strong sense of responsibility.Rule 1: 在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)_語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句.它一般跟在某些抽象名詞_面,用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的_。因此同位語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)是_ +_ + _。常見(jiàn)的引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有belief(信念信念), idea(主意主意), fact(事實(shí)事實(shí)), question/problem(問(wèn)題問(wèn)題), truth(真相真相), suggestion(建議建議), thought

6、(想法想法), news(消息消息), promise(承諾承諾), doubt(懷疑懷疑), hope(希望希望), message(信息信息), reply(回復(fù)回復(fù)), order(命令命令), fear(害怕害怕), conclusion(結(jié)論結(jié)論), possibility(可能可能)。同位同位后后具體內(nèi)容具體內(nèi)容名詞名詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞從句從句Rule 2: 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有:從從屬連詞屬連詞 (不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)意義不充當(dāng)成分，無(wú)意義), （不充當(dāng)成分，（不充當(dāng)成分，“是否是否”）；）；連接代詞連接代詞 （什么）（什么）, （誰(shuí)）等，（誰(shuí)）等， 連接副詞連

7、接副詞 （什么時(shí)（什么時(shí)候）候）, （在哪兒）（在哪兒）, （為什么）（為什么）, （如何，怎樣）等。（如何，怎樣）等。thatwhetherwhatwhowhen wherewhyhowRule 3:在suggestion后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用_語(yǔ)氣，即 _+_。出現(xiàn)以下名詞，同樣要用此種語(yǔ)氣。 一堅(jiān)持 insistence 二命令 order, command三建議 suggestion, advice, recommendation四要求 proposal, demand, request, requirement虛擬虛擬should動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形【小組活動(dòng)【小組活動(dòng)1】語(yǔ)法填空】語(yǔ)法填

8、空(用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空填空)1) They expressed the hope _they would come over to visit China again.2) I have no idea _ they were able to get it done in so short a time.3) Have you any idea _ he is doing now?4) They asked me the question _ the work was worth doing.5) The question _should do the work requires

9、 consideration. thathowwhatwhetherwhoTask 2: Judge what clauses they are in the following sentences.判斷以判斷以下從句類型。下從句類型。1. I hated the fact that the lovers had broken up in the second episode(集). 2. I hated the fact that he told me. 3. The news that Song Joong-ki will come to China is exciting. 4. The

10、 news that he told me is exciting. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別總結(jié)：同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別1)同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步同位語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)進(jìn)一步_ 前面名詞的內(nèi)容前面名詞的內(nèi)容; 定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)_前面的名詞。前面的名詞。 2)在同位語(yǔ)從句中在同位語(yǔ)從句中that_成分，成分，只起只起_作用，作用， 一般一般_省省略略; 在定語(yǔ)從句中在定語(yǔ)從句中that代替先行詞作代替先行詞作_成分，用作成分，用作_可省略。可省略。補(bǔ)充解釋說(shuō)明補(bǔ)充解釋說(shuō)明修飾限制修飾限制不充當(dāng)不充當(dāng)連接連接不可不

11、可充當(dāng)主充當(dāng)主/賓賓/表表賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)【小組活動(dòng)【小組活動(dòng)2】高考鏈接：】高考鏈接：1)語(yǔ)法填空：語(yǔ)法填空： Maybe you leave a habit _is driving your family crazy.（2014全國(guó)）There can be little doubt_ classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. （2011廣東）2）改錯(cuò)：）改錯(cuò)：But I still remember the story, believe it or n

12、ot, which we got lost on a rainy night.that/whichthat_thatStep3. The application of appositives 一、同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)行一、同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，因此可以通過(guò)同位語(yǔ)的解補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，因此可以通過(guò)同位語(yǔ)的解釋來(lái)猜測(cè)它所修飾詞的含義釋來(lái)猜測(cè)它所修飾詞的含義 【小組活動(dòng)【小組活動(dòng)1】Try to guess the meaning the of the underlined word according to the appositive that modifies it.1) T

13、he modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patients heartbeat and breathing. ( )2) Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently. ( )3) Our class learned how to use a protractor, a tool for measuring

14、angles(角度). ( )聽(tīng)診器聽(tīng)診器語(yǔ)義學(xué)語(yǔ)義學(xué)量角器量角器4) But suddenly they became the parents of quintuplets, four girls and a boy looking the same , an event which quickly changed their lives. ( ) 5) William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（紗線）, good and ill together.” ( )五胞胎五胞胎混合交織的混合交織的二、同位

15、語(yǔ)運(yùn)用于介紹二、同位語(yǔ)運(yùn)用于介紹人物人物、事物事物或或地地點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。 既然同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)既然同位語(yǔ)是對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，將同位語(yǔ)去掉后，句子行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，將同位語(yǔ)去掉后，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)不受影響，依然完整，即結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)不受影響，依然完整，即結(jié)構(gòu)依然是主謂賓、主系表等。依然是主謂賓、主系表等。如：如：Song Joong-ki, a pop star from South Korean, is one of my favorite actors.a pop star fromSouth Korean【小組活動(dòng)小組活動(dòng)4】請(qǐng)用同位語(yǔ)介紹你的】請(qǐng)用同位語(yǔ)介紹你的同桌、同學(xué)、好友、學(xué)校、

16、家鄉(xiāng)或同桌、同學(xué)、好友、學(xué)校、家鄉(xiāng)或者最喜歡的菜肴、水果等。者最喜歡的菜肴、水果等。如：如：Zhanjiang, a famous home of seafood and tropical fruits, is my hometown. a famous home ofseafood and tropical fruitsStep4. The application of appositive clauses to writing 同位語(yǔ)從句常用情景及句型：同位語(yǔ)從句常用情景及句型：1) 引出新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)，消息，謠言等內(nèi)容引出新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)，消息，謠言等內(nèi)容: News/ Word came that消

17、息傳來(lái)說(shuō). Rumors got around/ spread that謠言傳開(kāi)開(kāi)2）陳述觀點(diǎn)）陳述觀點(diǎn)(特別是表達(dá)正反兩方的觀點(diǎn)特別是表達(dá)正反兩方的觀點(diǎn)), 提出建議提出建議, 或用來(lái)解釋觀點(diǎn)、理由、結(jié)論等或用來(lái)解釋觀點(diǎn)、理由、結(jié)論等的內(nèi)容的內(nèi)容. Sb. be in favor of/ be against , for the reason that 某人支持/反對(duì), 認(rèn)為./原因是. Sb. hold the opinion/view/belief that. 持有.的觀點(diǎn) Sb. have/has no idea that某人不知道 Sb.can safely draw the con

18、clusion that某人可以得出的結(jié)論 Sb have/has a dream that某人有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想3）用于一些功能句型表特定含義：）用于一些功能句型表特定含義： on condition that/ on the assumption that 只要 There is no doubt that/ There is no denying that 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)【小組活動(dòng)【小組活動(dòng)5】翻譯：利用同位語(yǔ)從句優(yōu)化】翻譯：利用同位語(yǔ)從句優(yōu)化句子。句子。1. 他建議我減肥。我不贊成他的建議，因?yàn)榉适切腋５谋憩F(xiàn)。 He suggested that I should lose weight. I am

19、 against his suggestion, because being fat suggests that I am happy.合并優(yōu)化：合并優(yōu)化：_I am against his suggestion that I should lose weight , for the reason that being fat suggests that I am happy.2. 我認(rèn)為幸福就是貓吃魚(yú)，狗吃肉，奧特曼打小怪獸。 I think happiness is that a cat eat its fish, a dog enjoy its meat, while Ultraman

20、fight in the Japanese street. 優(yōu)化表達(dá)：優(yōu)化表達(dá)：_I held the opinion/view/belief that happiness is that a cat eat its fish, a dog enjoy its meat, while Ultraman fight in the Japanese street. 3. 消息傳開(kāi)說(shuō)宋仲基會(huì)來(lái)中國(guó)。The news got about. Song Joong-ki would come to China.合并優(yōu)化：合并優(yōu)化：_The news got about that Song Joong-ki

21、 would come to China.4. 無(wú)疑，我們應(yīng)該采取措施阻止地球受污染。 Undoubtedly, we should take measures to prevent the earth from being polluted. 優(yōu)化表達(dá)：優(yōu)化表達(dá)：There is no doubt that proper measures should be taken to prevent the earth from being polluted.There is no denying that proper measures should be taken to prevent the

22、 earth from being polluted.5. 我有一個(gè)夢(mèng)想，有一天所有中國(guó)孩子都能接受高等教育。 I have a dream. One day, all Chinese children are able to receive higher education. 合并優(yōu)化：合并優(yōu)化：_I have a dream that one day, all Chinese children are able to receive higher education.6. 通過(guò)以上討論，我們可以有把握地得出這樣的結(jié)論：自行車的優(yōu)點(diǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于缺點(diǎn)。 From the above discussi

23、on, we may safely conclude that advantages of the bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages. 優(yōu)化表達(dá)：優(yōu)化表達(dá)：_From what have been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of the bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages.Step5. Writing 你的朋友李華寫(xiě)信告訴你說(shuō)他最近學(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難，并感覺(jué)壓力大，五一即將到來(lái)，請(qǐng)回信給李華邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)湛江散心

24、并放松自己，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)包括： 1.給予安慰； 2.介紹湛江的一些景點(diǎn)和美食； 3.表示信心。（參考詞匯：白切雞blanched chicken）(Attention: try to underline the useful expressions and memorize them after finishing the work!) (注意：寫(xiě)完后將有用的表達(dá)劃出注意：寫(xiě)完后將有用的表達(dá)劃出來(lái)，并背下來(lái)！來(lái)，并背下來(lái)！)Dear Li Hua, Im sorry to hear the fact_(你在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)有一些困難和壓力) I have been thinking about the question _(我們是否應(yīng)該有更多的休息時(shí)間),so maybe it is a good suggestion_ _(你來(lái)我的家鄉(xiāng)湛江旅游放松一下自己).some trouble and pressure when studyingwhether we havemore time to restthat you should travel in myth