基本表達(dá)、常用句型、精彩句型、作文開頭中間結(jié)尾(劉麗莉)(2)

1、大學(xué)英語寫作講座之一 基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá) 常用句型常用句型 寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 作文開頭部分作文開頭部分 作文主體部分作文主體部分 作文結(jié)尾部分作文結(jié)尾部分主講：劉麗莉主講：劉麗莉基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 越來越： be increasingly + adj., be on the rise, the growing number of 人們認(rèn)為： it is generally(widely) believed(held/agreed) that 許多問題： a host of(a number of ) probl

2、ems 引起人們注意： claim (call/attract) general(public/world/sbs )attention to sth. 意識到（事實/危險）： there is a growing awareness(realization) of(that), awaken sb. to the fact/danger 適應(yīng)新的形勢/變化： adapt(adjust/accommodate) oneself to new environment (change)基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 接觸各種思想/經(jīng)歷/問題

3、： be exposed to new ideas(experiences/problems) 接觸社會： come into frequent(close contact) with the world(society) 獲得成功： get(achieve/accomplish) success 提出觀點/建議： advance (put forward / come up with) the arguments( ideas / suggestions) 作出努力： make tremendous(persistent/sustained) effort to do sth., take

4、great pains to do基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 影響學(xué)習(xí)/工作： interfere with studies(work) 產(chǎn)生影響： have(exert) a profound influence on ., have a dramatic(undesirable) effect on 較好地駕馭生活： be a better pilot of ones life 剝奪機(jī)會/權(quán)力： deprive oneself of the chance(right/opportunity) 取代舊的方式： substitute

5、 for(take the place of) the old way 采取措施： take effective steps(measures) to基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 控制我們的環(huán)境： take(gain )increasing control over our own environment 躲避危險/挑戰(zhàn)： shy(run) away from the dangers(challenges) 滿足要求： meet(satisfy/accommodate) the demand of 補(bǔ)償損失： compensate f

6、or(make up for) the loss(damage) 解釋某現(xiàn)象： account for(explain) the phenomenon 對很好的了解： have a better understanding(appreciation) of, have a new perspective on. provide(gain) an insight into基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 把某因素考慮進(jìn)去： take sth. into account(consideration), give much thought to

7、 品位人生/自由/青春： savor the life(freedom/youth) 培養(yǎng)對的信心： develop(foster) ones interest(confidence) in 經(jīng)歷變化/困難/艱險： undergo(experience) great changes(hardships/experience) 表現(xiàn)出自信心等： project ones confidence(feeling/image)基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 追求學(xué)習(xí)/職業(yè)： pursue ones academic interest(profe

8、ssional career) 學(xué)習(xí)知識/技術(shù)： pursue(acquire) knowledge(technology/skill) 被看作學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣： be held up as a good example 交流經(jīng)驗/觀點/知識： share experience(ideas/knowledge) 發(fā)揮/起到重要作用： play an (important/active/great) role(part) in 逃學(xué)/缺課/逃會： skip school(a class/a meeting)基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 知識/

9、經(jīng)驗豐富： rich in knowledge(experience) 確立/追求目標(biāo)： set(pursue) a goal(higher standard) 到達(dá)目標(biāo)： achieve(accomplish/stain) the goal(aim/objective) 克服困難： overcome obstacles(difficulty) 面臨危險/困難： be confronted(faced) with, be in the face of danger(difficulty 阻礙了成功： stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/bar

10、rier to success/growth基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 阻礙了發(fā)展： hamper/impede/stunt the development of 持傳統(tǒng)的看法： hold conventional wisdom 發(fā)表看法： voice/express ones opinion 持相反/合理的觀點： take the opposite/fresh view 揭穿某種一貫的說法： shatter the myth of 求得幫助： enlist ones support/help基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Eleme

11、nts of English Writing)： 縮小差別： bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country) 把成功/失敗歸咎于： attribute/own the success/failure to 對重要： be indispensable/important/vital to 施加壓力： put/exert an academic pressure on 重視： assign/attach much importance/significance to 強(qiáng)調(diào)： place/put much emphasis/str

12、ess/value on基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 把注意力集中在： focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts/thoughts upon/on 提供機(jī)會/信息： provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. 抓住機(jī)會： grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到機(jī)會： enjoy/gain access to an opportunity/information 有可能： there is (lit

13、tle/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 展開競爭： compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 開展運動： conduct (carry on/ undertake/ initiate/ launch/ wage) a (vigorous/ nation-wide /publicity/ advertising) camp

14、aign (for/against) 對我很有/沒有什么意義： make much/little sense to me 帶來無窮的幸福/滿足： be a source of happiness /satisfaction/ contentment/ pride/ complaint 獻(xiàn)身于： devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 大不（沒什么）兩樣： make much(little/no) difference 真正重要的是： what rea

15、lly matters/accounts is 改變生活旅程： change/alter the course of life 建立在大量的學(xué)習(xí)/實踐上： built on tremendous amount of study/practice 進(jìn)行調(diào)查/執(zhí)行任務(wù)： conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment 辭去工作/學(xué)習(xí)： leave/quit ones job/work/school基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 參加考試/競賽等： enter (for) the examination/

16、contest/race 參加活動/討論： take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 影響思想/態(tài)度/事件的形成： shape ones thinking/attitude 進(jìn)入大學(xué)/社會/家庭/勞力市場/職業(yè)： enter a school/college/society/the work force/professionals 實現(xiàn)自己的理想/愿望： realize/fulfill/achieve ones dream(hopes/wish/desire) 減輕壓力/緊張： reduce/allevia

17、te/relieve the stress/pressure/tension基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 提高社會地位： enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position/standing rise to the position of leadership 提高技術(shù)/能力： sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) ones skill/ability 加快/促進(jìn)發(fā)展： accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/bo

18、ost the development of 隨著生活/社會節(jié)奏的加快： with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society 開闊眼界/興趣： broaden ones interest/outlook expand(broaden/enlarge) ones mental horizons基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 有助于了解/發(fā)展/宣傳/解決： contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding o

19、f/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of 有助于解決問題： go a long way to(towards) solving the problem 迷戀分?jǐn)?shù)/名利： be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune 把時間花/浪費在： spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.基本表達(dá)基本表達(dá)(Basic Elements of English Writing)： 利用機(jī)會/技術(shù)： make (full/better) us

20、e of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent 把知識/經(jīng)驗運用到： apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience to practice/daily life/good use 取得進(jìn)步： make much progress/strides/gains in 充分發(fā)揮潛力/能力： develop ones ability/potential to the full, give full play to ones ability

21、 充滿激情/渴望： have a burning desire/a great passion for精彩廢話萬能句精彩廢話萬能句 The rapid progress in science and technology has given a powerful shove-ahead to the productive forces of the world and the economic and social development of humanity. 科技的快速發(fā)展帶給世界生產(chǎn)力和人類經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的發(fā)展一個強(qiáng)勁的推動力 .can help one stand tall and ai

22、m far, broaden ones vision and give full play to ones intelligence and wisdom on the broad arena of the modernization drive. 站的高看的遠(yuǎn),開擴(kuò)自己的視野,在現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的大舞臺上充分發(fā)揮個人才智 Lets join hands and work together to contribute a greater part to the harmony of our society. 讓我們攜手共同奮斗，為建設(shè)和諧社會作出更大的貢獻(xiàn)！ 常用常用精彩虛詞精彩虛詞 1. admi

23、ttedly 應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn): Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. 2. simply 簡而言之: The answer is simply money. 3. surely 肯定地: This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. 4. increasingly 不斷增長地 While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increa

24、singly vaster sums with the other. 常用句型常用句型 1. 表示原因表示原因 1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that. 6)We have good reason to believe that. 例： There are three reas

25、ons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly, peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly，most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like. Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life. 注：如考生寫第一個句子沒有把握，可將其改寫成兩個句子。如：Great c

26、hanges have taken place in our life. There are three reasons for this.這樣寫可以避免套用中的表達(dá)失誤。常用句型常用句型 2.表示好處表示好處 1)It has the following advantages. 2)It does us a lot of good. 3)It benefits us quite a lot. 4)It is beneficial to us. 5)It is of great benefit to us. 例： Books are like friends.They can help us

27、know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us.常用句型常用句型 3.表示壞處表示壞處 1)It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2)It does us much harm. 3)It is harmful to us. 例： However，everything divides into two. Television can als

28、o be harmful to us.It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.常用句型常用句型 4.表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能表示重要、必要、困難、方便、可能 1)It is important(necessary，difficult，convenient， possible) for sb.to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in

29、our life. 例： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business. Soon， computers will be found in every home，too.We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.常用句型常用句

30、型 5.表示措施表示措施 1)We should take some effective measures. 2)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 3)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with. 例： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more

31、 serious.Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.常用句型常用句型 6.表示變化表示變化 1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3)The computer has brought about(導(dǎo)致) many changes in education. 例： Some changes ha

32、ve taken place in peoples diet in the past five years.The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.常用句型常用句型 7.表示事實、現(xiàn)狀表示事實、現(xiàn)狀 1)We cannot ignore the fact that. 2)No

33、 one can deny the fact that. 3)There is no denying the fact that. 4)However，thats not the case. 5)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in. 例： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems， we can start by educating t

34、he public about the hazards(危害) of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.常用句型常用句型 8.表示比較表示比較 1)Compared with A，B. 2)I prefer to read books rather than watch TV. 3)There is a striking contrast between them. 例： Compared with cars，bicycle

35、s have several advantages besides being affordable.Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petrol(石油).Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem.Last but not least，they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise.常用句型常用句型 9.表示數(shù)量表示數(shù)量 1)It has increased(decreased)f

36、rom.to. 2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800，000. 3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January. 例： With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion(比例) of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on edu

37、cation has increased. 再如： From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.常用句型常用句型 10.表示看法表示看法 1)People have(take，adopt，assume)different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different o

38、pinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that.Others argue that. 例： People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success.Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their r

39、enewed endeavor. However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category(種類) of losers. 再如： Do lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have different views on it. 注：一個段落有時很適宜以問句開始，考生應(yīng)掌握這一寫作方法。常用句型常用句型 11.表示結(jié)論表示結(jié)論 1)In short，it can be said that . 2)It may

40、 be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that . 例： From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved. 注：例句1可用于任何一個段落的結(jié)論句;例句3則多用文章結(jié)論段的第一句。常用句型常用句型 12.套語套語 1)

41、Its well known to us that . 2)As is known to us，. 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)From the graph(table，chart)listed above，it can be seen that . 5)As a proverb(諺語) says，“Where there is a will，there is a way. 例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know th

42、e world outside campus.The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays，the society is changing and developing rapidly，and the campus is no longer an“ivory tower”.As college students，we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after

43、we graduate. 再如： Does it pay to be honest? This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it.寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型一一)比較比較 1.The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.3.A may be preferable to B, b

44、ut A suffers from the disadvantages that.4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that.5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.6.Like anything else, it has its faults.7.A and B has several points in common.8.A bears some resemblances to B.9.Howeve

45、r, the same is not applicable to B.10. A and B differ in several ways.11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.12. People used to think ., but things are different now.13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.15. It is true that A . , but the chief fault

46、s (obvious defects )are .寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 二二)原因原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that

47、. 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 5. The change in .largely results from the fact that. 6. We may blame .,but the real causes are. 7. Part of the explanations for it is that . One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . Another contributing factor (cause ) is . Perha

48、ps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that .寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 三三)后果后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that.寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 四四)批駁批駁 1)It is true t

49、hat ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement i

50、s. 6) It makes no sense to argue for . 7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that .寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 五五)舉例舉例 1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such ex

51、amples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example.寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 六六)證明證明 1) No one can deny the fact that . 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows . 4) Recent studies indicate that . 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that . 6

52、) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that .寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 七七)開篇開篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of . 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among

53、. 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over . 6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular. 7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that . 8) According to a recent survey, . 9) With the rapid development of ., .寫作八類精彩句型寫作八類精彩句型 八八)結(jié)尾結(jié)尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can

54、 draw the conclusion that . 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to . 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that . 5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must . 7) In summa

55、ry, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause; it is important to take actions to . 10) Taking all these into account, we . 11) Whether

56、 it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear. 常用句型及單詞常用句型及單詞 A. 開頭開頭 1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: _. 2、_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way. 3、Recently, _has bee

57、n brought to such popular attention that _ (e.g. Recently, the problem of global warminmg has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the the top of the agenda.). 4、One of our ancient philosophers said, _. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to

58、 be one of their standards of morality. 5. No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that. 或：Everyone would agree that. 常用句型及單詞常用句型及單詞 B 結(jié)尾 1) Only in this way/Only when./Only through., will/can we.或：It is only if/when.that we will. It is only if all sides of society take their

59、roles fully that we will achieve the society we want. 2) As long as.we will be able to./the problem is bound to. As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses,all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life. 3) With a constant/steady improvement in .(或With the gradua

60、l worsening of.) sth.will. With a steady improvement in our legal system,this problem will sure be solved earlier or later. 4) In a word,there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.in time to come.A In one word,there is every chance that this Chinese Traditon will continue to entertain