第四課時八年級英語

1、New words of page 61fiction n. 小說science fiction 科幻小說technology n. 科技；工藝French n. 法語用法用法1. 表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作 對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。 e.g. Have you had your lunch yet? Yes, I have. Ive just had it. (現(xiàn)在我不餓了?，F(xiàn)在我不餓了。)2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始，一直延表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能還要繼續(xù)下去。續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能還要繼

2、續(xù)下去。Summary現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時e.g. Ive known Bob for three years. Ive been at this school for over two years. 構(gòu)成構(gòu)成:現(xiàn)在完成時是由現(xiàn)在完成時是由“助動詞助動詞have / has+ 動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)構(gòu)成成,規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與過去式相同，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成與過去式相同，不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞則需逐個記憶。（詳見規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞則需逐個記憶。（詳見教材教材P136137） 現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：肯定句肯定句: 主語主語+have/has+過去分詞過去分詞+其他其

3、他否定句否定句: 主語主語+havent/hasnt+過去分詞過去分詞+其他其他 一般疑問句一般疑問句 :Have/Has+主語主語+過去分詞過去分詞+ ？肯定答語肯定答語: Yes, 主格代詞主格代詞+have/has.否定答語否定答語: No, 主格代詞主格代詞+havent/hasnt.Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./ No, I havent. Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks its fantastic.Have you decided wh

4、ich book to write about yet?Yes, I have. Ive already finished reading it. It was really good.同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時同學(xué)們要注意現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別。雖然這兩個時態(tài)都和過去發(fā)生的區(qū)別。雖然這兩個時態(tài)都和過去發(fā)生的事情有關(guān)，但是的事情有關(guān)，但是現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)這一強調(diào)這一動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)動作與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，如對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果、影響等果、影響等，而，而一般過去時一般過去時只表示過去只表示過去的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系的事實，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。如：。如： 現(xiàn)在完成

5、時現(xiàn)在完成時 把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來，把過去的動作和現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果聯(lián)系起來， 一般過去時一般過去時 只限于表示過去的動作本身只限于表示過去的動作本身, 與現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)在 的結(jié)果無關(guān)。的結(jié)果無關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時與與一般過去時一般過去時在意義上在意義上 的區(qū)別舉例如下：的區(qū)別舉例如下： I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.) 我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。我已經(jīng)打掃過我的房間了。 I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打掃了我的房間。我上周打掃了我的房間。 Fathe

6、r has gone to Amoy. (He went to Amoy and he is not here now.) 爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。爸爸已經(jīng)去廈門了。 They have bought a dictionary. (They bought a dictionary and they have it now.) 他們買了一本字典。他們買了一本字典。注意注意: 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時不能不能和和明確明確指出時間的狀語指出時間的狀語(如如: yesterday, last, year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when she came in 等等)

7、連用連用，但可以和但可以和不明確不明確指出時間的狀語指出時間的狀語(如如: already, yet, ever, never, sometimes, always, often, before, once, twice, recently, lately等等)連用連用；也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語也可以和表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語(如：如：today, this morning, this week, this year等等)連用連用。Use the words in brackets to complete the onversations.1. A: Would you like

8、something to drink? B: No, thanks. _. (just/ drink some tea)2. A: I heard you lost your key. _? (find) B: No, not yet.I have just drunk some teaHave you found it4a3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving? B: _. (already/ leave) A: When _? (leave) B: This morning.4. A: Is your sister going to the movies

9、 with us tonight? B: No. _. (already/ see the film)He has already leftdid he leaveShe has already seen the film5. A: What do your parents think about our plan? B: I _. (not/ tell them/yet)havent told them yet4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the brackets. Sally _ (love) re

10、ading. In the morning she reads the newspaper and in the evening she reads books. She _ already _ (read) more than 100 different books. Her favorite kind of books is science fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the world _ (be) like in 50 years. loveshasread

11、will be She _ (finish) reading a book about robots last week and _ (write) a book report about it next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the many books she _ (not read) yet and she cant wait to read them. 注意：注意：cant wait to +do sth. “迫不急待地去做某事迫不急待地去做某事”finis

12、hedwill writehasnt read4c Complete the chart with information about you and your friend.A: What books have you already read?B: I have already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.A: What do you think of them?B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom Sawyer was a bit boring.YouYour friend Comme

13、ntsBooks I have already readMovies I have already seenSongs I have already heard( )【2013廣西貴港廣西貴港】 Do you know the movie Lost in Thailand? Yes. I _ it twice. Its funny. A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see C( )【2013黑龍江牡丹江黑龍江牡丹江】 Lunch? No, thanks. I_. A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten( )【2013

14、湖北黃岡湖北黃岡】 Where is Tom? We cant find him anywhere. Perhaps he _ home. A. has come B. is going C. went D. was goingCA2. 現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù)現(xiàn)在完成時動詞可以表示開始于過去持續(xù) 到現(xiàn)在到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)。的動作或狀態(tài)。1) I have studied English since last year. 我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。我從去年開始學(xué)習(xí)英語。2) She has lived in Beijing for five

15、years. 她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。她住在北京已經(jīng)五年了。注意注意: come, go , leave, arrive, buy, lose, receive, join, die, bury 和和marry 等動詞所表示的動作是等動詞所表示的動作是一時的一時的, 不能延續(xù)的不能延續(xù)的, 故不能與故不能與for , since 等開頭的表示一段時間的狀語連用。不過等開頭的表示一段時間的狀語連用。不過, 這些這些詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，詞用于否定句則可以與表示持續(xù)的時間狀語連用，即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。即動作的不發(fā)生是可以持續(xù)的。不能說不能說: *He has come to Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for o