自用農(nóng)業(yè)專業(yè)詞匯表

1、栽培土地面積，英畝數(shù) acreage under crops高山帶 alpine zone穴播 clump；dibble seeding作物生長停滯 crop logging茬口安排 cropping arrangement收割期 date of harvesting成苗期 date of lifting成熟期 date of maturity間苗期 date of thinning無霜日 day without frost移植 deplantation齊苗，幼苗出齊 established stand定植establishing黃化苗 etiolated seedling黃化（現(xiàn)象），褪綠病

2、etiolation缺苗 fail place實地試驗 field test催芽 forced sprouting收割，收獲 harvesting后期倒伏 late lodging耐光照 light-fast耐光性 light fastness溝播 lister sowing補播，過量播種 over sowing 浸種 plant soaking water-soaked seed催芽 pregermination前茬作物，前作物 preplant壟作，畦作 ridge culture靜止期，休眠 quiescence重播，補播 reseeding作壟 ridge building播種量 qu

3、antity of seeding株距 space in row間隔，間距 spacing雙行條播 twin-row drilling雙株穴 two-plant hill二次收獲 two-stage harvest密度不足，過疏 undercrowding行距width of interrow耕作層 worked soil 休眠期 wandernymph stage畦寬 width of bed 高地，高原upland抽穗期 period of heading 出苗 emerge出苗后 posttemergence出苗前 pre-emergence促進(jìn)成熟 hastened maturity催

4、芽 forced sprouting； hastening germination點播 dibbling；precision sowing 定植苗齡 planting-stock age高產(chǎn)作物 heave crop行間 interrow行距 distance between hedges ;distance between rows ;drilling distance ;interrow distance ;width of interrow開花期 anthesis ;efflorescence ;inflorescence枯萎 damping off密植 close planting ;

5、compact crop ;compact planting ;condensed planting ;dense planting overstocked planting畦寬 width of bed濕度控制 moisture content control收獲 harvesting條播 line drilling seeding ;regular drilling土地肥力 fertility溫帶 warm zone休眠期 hypopial stage ;wandernymph stage休眠種子 dormant seed ;latent seed穴播 clamp planting ;cl

6、ump ;dibble seeding ;hill seeding種植 hacienda株高 plant height株距 distance between hills ;distance between plants ;drilling distance ;dropping distance ;individual spacing ;interplant space ;space between plant ;space in row栽培 cultivation ;cuture ;rearing栽培技術(shù) cultural practice蔬菜栽培 vegetable culture茬口安排

7、Crops arrangements育種敗育花粉 aborted pollen縮短育種年代，加速世代進(jìn)程 acceleration of generation advancementA系，雄性不育 A-line異花授粉 allogamy雄性兩性異株 androdioecy育種小區(qū) breeding plot無性繁殖 cloned propagation親和花粉 compatible pollen親和性品種 compatible race雜交育種（法） crossbreeding異花受精 cross-fertilization異花授粉 cross-pollination去雄 detasselli

8、ng去雄授粉 detasselling and pollination雌花雄花兩性花同株 dimonoecious雌雄異株的 dioecious天然自花授粉 direct self-pollination抽穗 earing早熟型 earliness采種，制種 egg raising原種圃 elite field原種elite stock seed雜交后代 filial generation夏型 forma aestivalis早熟品種 forward crop冬型 forma hiemalis 秋型 forma autumnalis雜交育種（法） hybridization雜種優(yōu)勢 hybri

9、d vigor同種源抗體 homologous antibody雜種優(yōu)勢 heterosis優(yōu)良品種 good stock移植體；嫁接 graft雌性品系 gynoecial chamber全雌花性gynoecism雌花兩性花同株的gynomonoecious雌花兩性花同株 gynomonoecy單倍體，僅有一組染色體細(xì)胞 haploid耐寒作物 hardy crop 春化作用 iarovization晚熟作物 late crop遲抽薹 late shooting 藜科蔬菜 goosefoot vegetable提高耐旱能力 improving hardening off單株選種 indivi

10、dual plant selection晚熟性 late maturity小葉型 microphyll type雄花 male flower混合育種 mass breeding單性雜交 monohybrid cross繁殖 multiplication自然雜交 natural crossing親本 parent早熟的，早開花的 precocious優(yōu)勢種 prevailing species繁殖 procreation早衰 premature senescence長日照植物 long-day plant 中晚熟品種 middle-late variety兩性花 monoclinian登記品種

11、registered variety抗性育種 resistance breeding抗性品種 resistant strain范例，標(biāo)本，樣品，樣本，待試驗物 specimen三倍體 triplont品種性 varietalness品種退化 variety degeneration有生命力種子 viable seed姊妹種 vicariant采種 egg raising成熟期 date of maturity蟲媒授粉法 caprification雌花兩性花同株 gynomonoecy雌性品系 gynoecious strain雌雄蕊同熟 monochogamy 雌雄蕊異熟 adichogamy

12、簇生 fasciation雌雄同體 telianthus雌雄異體 gonochorism雌雄異株的 dioecious父本植株 paternal plant繁殖 multiplication ;procreation ;propagation繁殖床 propagating bed繁殖季節(jié) covering season單性結(jié)實 parthenocarpy光合作用 photosynthesis抗病性 disease resistance黃化 chlorisis ;etiolation ;yellowing黃化現(xiàn)象 etiolation回交育種 backcross breeding混合授粉 mix

13、ed pollination ;polycross混合育種 mass breeding兩性花 monoclinian品系間雜交 line crop品種復(fù)壯 revitalization of species品種間雜交 interbreed ;interstrain crossing ;intervarietal grafting品種退化 variety degeneration親本 parent親本系 parental stock親本原種 parent stock親本植株 parent plant去雄 detasselling去雄授粉 detasselling and pollination全

14、雌花性 gynoecism三倍體 triplont晚熟作物 late crop未抽薹的 umpoled穩(wěn)產(chǎn)高產(chǎn) high and stable yield雄蕊 stamen雄性兩性異株 androdioecy孤雌發(fā)育 parthenogenetic development昆蟲授粉 insect pollination抗性品種 resistant strain抗性育種 resistant breeding樣本 specimen樣品 specimen移植 bed out ;deplantation ;line out ;naturalization ;planting ;prick out ;tr

15、ansplanting異花受粉 allogamy異花授粉 cross-pollination小孢子 microspore育種 breeding原種 elite stock seed ;foundation seed stock ;registered seed雜交后代 filial generation雜交育種（法） breeding by crossing ;crossbreeding ;hybridization雜種優(yōu)勢 heterosis ;heterotic vigor ; hybrid vigor ;potence早熟的 precocious ；ratheripe中晚熟品種 midd

16、le-late variety種源鑒定 determination of provenance禾本科型 gramineous type禾本科植物 gramineous plant經(jīng)濟作物 cash crop ;commercial crop ;industrial crop蔬菜作物 vegetable crop溫帶作物 temperate zone crop溫室作物 glasshouse crop雄性不育 Male sterile自交親和性 Self-compatibility抗蟲性 Insect resistance育種目標(biāo) Breeding objectives育種方法 Breeding

17、methods株系 Lines雜交種 Hybrids常規(guī)種 Conventional varieties開放授粉 Open pollination轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù) Transgenic technology細(xì)胞質(zhì)雄性不育 Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS)品種資源 Variety resources分子標(biāo)記 Molecular markers轉(zhuǎn)基因 Transgenic品種退化 Species degradation提純退化 Purification degradation種子耐寒性 cold-tolerant發(fā)芽力 germinating ability種子混雜度 i

18、mpurity of seed有害雜草 injurious weed休眠種子 latent seed發(fā)芽 germination發(fā)芽力 germinability；germinating ability；germinating force；germination power發(fā)芽率 germinating force耐病性 disease tolerance耐寒的 cold-tolerance耐寒性 cold endurance ;cold tolerance耐寒作物 hardy crop耐旱性 drought tolerance耐澇品種 water-logging tolerance vari

19、ety農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)指數(shù) index number of farm output農(nóng)作物 field crop ;tillage種子純度 genuiness of seeds優(yōu)質(zhì)種子 quality seed硬實 impermeable seed農(nóng)藝性狀 Agronomic trait配合力 Combining ability抗倒伏性 Lodging resistance發(fā)芽率 Germination rate凈度 Clarity純度 Purity水分 Moisture千粒重 Thousand seed weight生長習(xí)性 Growth habit積溫 Accumulated temperature

20、品質(zhì) Quality熟性 Maturity耐抽薹性 Bolting resistance品種性狀根須根 fibrous root；root fibril莖 corona側(cè)枝 lateral branch根部 rhizine總狀花序 raceme莖，柄 stalk種子 seed萼片 sepal 子葉 seed leaf傘狀體，傘形花序 umbel果皮 pericarp果肉 flesh ;pulp花葉 Floral leaf板葉 Board leaves直立型 Erect type / upstanding開展型 Spreading.葉型 Leaf shape病蟲害檢疫病蟲害 quarantine

21、 pest 茄子褐斑病 alternaria leaf spot of egg plant蘿卜炭疽病 anthracnose of garden radish蘿卜黑斑病 alternaria spot and blight of garden radish馬鈴薯黃斑花葉病 aucuba mosaic of potato細(xì)菌性軟腐病 bacterial slimy soft rot辣椒瘡痂性細(xì)菌病 bacterial spot of red pepper細(xì)菌性條斑病 bacterial striped黑腐病 black rot胡蘿卜黑腐病 black rot of carrot猝倒病 dampi

22、ng-off猝倒癥 cataplexis菠菜褐斑病 cercospora leaf spot of spinach黃化，缺綠病 chlorisis根腫病 clubroot玉米細(xì)菌性條斑病 corn bacterial stripe甘藍(lán)菌核病 cottony rot of cabbage大豆斑點病 frog eye of soybean玉米穗腐病 gibberella zeaze petch of maize茄子灰霉病 grey mould of egg plant萵苣灰霉病grey mould of lettuce甜瓜白粉病 melon powdery mildew番茄褐斑病 nail hea

23、d spot of tomato茄子黑枯病 fruit rot of egg plant葉斑病 leaf spot大豆斑點病 frog eye of soybean大豆褐斑病 brown leaf spot of soybean 赤霉素 gibberellin除草劑，除莠劑 weed killer白粉病 powdery mildew立枯病 web blight粉虱 whitefly番茄褐斑病 nail head spot of tomato番茄黑腐病 black spot of tomato番茄萎凋病 fusarium wilt of tomato胡蘿卜黑斑病 black rot of car

24、rot立枯病 web blight猝倒病 cataplexis甘藍(lán)黑斑病 black spot of cabbage甘藍(lán)菌核病 cottony rot of cabbage茄子褐斑病 alternaria leaf spot of egg plant茄子灰霉病 grey mould of eggplant甜瓜白粉病 melon powdery mildew萵苣灰霉病 grey mould of lettuce細(xì)菌性黑斑病 bacterial black rot細(xì)菌性軟腐病 bacterial slimy soft rot細(xì)菌性條斑病 bacterial stripe細(xì)菌疫苗 bacterial

25、 vaccine葉斑病 leaf spot葉霉病 leaf mould油菜黑斑病 alternation stem rot of colza真菌病 mycosis ;mycotic disease馬鈴薯黃斑花葉病 aucuba mosaic of potato洋蔥白絹病 crown rot of onion作物種類蘿卜 radish胡蘿卜 carrot茄子 aubergine ;eggplant苦瓜 balsam pear /bitter gourd菜豆 bean黑芥 black mustard辣椒 chilli白菜 Chinese cabbage韭菜 Chinese chive蔥 chive胡荽，香菜 coriander萵苣 cos lettuce水芹 cress葫蘆 cucurbit黃瓜 cucumber硬質(zhì)玉米 flint corn 蒜 garlic蒜苗garlic sprout青辣椒 green pepper青菜 green vegetable毛豆 green soybean生菜，萵筍 lettuce豆科作物 leguminous crop西葫蘆 marrow辣椒 hot pepper蕓豆 k