決戰(zhàn)2011高考英語專題講義高考常見詞組辨析專題

1、決戰(zhàn)2011高考英語專題講義高考常見詞組辨析專題1. must和have to 這兩個詞均表示“必須”，must常偏重主觀意志，而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和將來時態(tài)，而have to則有更多的時態(tài)。例如：We must get up at six oclock every day. 我們每天必須六點(diǎn)鐘起床。It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒有時間了，我們必須快點(diǎn)起床。We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠(yuǎn)跟著黨走。He said he would have to

2、go with her the next day. 他說他第二天得和她一道去。2almost 和nearly這兩個詞意思均為“幾乎”、“差不多”。但從程度的角度上說almost更接近些，感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時，要用almost，不能用nearly。但可以說not nearly，而不能說not almost。例如：Its nearly time . 時間快到了。Its almost time. 時間馬上就到了。Almost nobody knew the accident that happene

3、d in the street yesterday. 幾乎沒有人知道昨天發(fā)生在街上的那起交通事故。3 . the number of 和 a number ofthe number of 意為“數(shù)目”，用單數(shù)謂語動詞。a number of 意為“許多的”、“一些”，用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。例如：A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個月許多學(xué)生參觀了那個工廠。The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學(xué)生的人數(shù)是三千多。4. go

4、 to sleep 和 go to bedgo to sleep 意為“入睡”，指睡著了，表示狀態(tài)。go to bed 意為“去睡覺”，指上床去睡覺，表示動作。例如：1 / 9We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點(diǎn)上床睡覺。I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)睡著了。5. receive 與 acceptreceive（vt.）意為“接受”，沒有主觀色彩，指收到了送來的東西。accept（vt.）意為“接受”，指樂意接受，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望。例如：She received a gift from him, but

5、she refused to accept it.她收到了他的禮物，但她拒絕接受。I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天，我收到了一封來自美國的信。I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。6. at the end of 和 in the endat the end of 意為“在的末尾”、“在的末端”。in the end意為“最后”、“最終”是finally和at last的同義詞。例如：After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個月以后

6、，他最終完成了工作。There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。7 well和good兩詞均譯為“好”。當(dāng)兩詞都為形容詞時，good常用作定語。如用作表語時，后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時， 多用作表語，指身體好。也可用作定語。例如：Spring is a good season. 春天是個好季節(jié)。Milk is good for children. 牛奶對兒童有益。When I saw him, he looked well. 我見到他時，他顯得很健康。He is not a well man. 他不是一個健康的人。w

7、ell還為副詞，而good的副詞也是well。例如：He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業(yè)完成得很好。8. sleep和asleepsleep(v.) 動詞“睡覺”。asleep(adj.)形容詞“睡著的”、“沉睡的”，只用作表語，表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后，作補(bǔ)語。例如：The baby sleeps well. 這個嬰兒睡得很熟。Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。asleep也常與fall連用。例如：he has fallen asleep. 他已經(jīng)睡熟了。9. have been to 和

8、has gone tohave been to “曾到過”指曾到過某地，說話時人已經(jīng)回來。have gone to “到去了”指已到某地去了，說話時，人已不在這里了。例如：I have been to Japan. 我曾到過日本。You cant see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見不到他了， 他已經(jīng)去天津了。10. sometimes、sometime和some timesometimes（adv.）意為“有時”、“不時”是頻度副詞，用作狀語。sometime（adv.）意為“某時”、“日后”，副詞，用作狀語。some time意為“一些時候”，副詞短語，用

9、作狀語（也可用作名詞性短語）。例如：I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時候了。Ill come to see you sometime next week. 下周，我會來看你的 。Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時起得早，有時起得晚。11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner三個詞均為“在角”。in the corner 為“在角里”；on the corner為“在角上”“在拐角上”； at the c

10、orner為“在角邊”。下圖可表示三個詞的區(qū)別：in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner例如：The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.在辦公室的角落有一張桌子，在桌角上放著一個口袋。corner作“拐角”解，與之搭配的介詞，美國英語多用on，英國英語通常用at；corner作角(即180o以內(nèi)的角)解時與之搭配的介詞用in，在內(nèi)部的“角”，習(xí)慣上用in

11、the corner of.例如：誤：The girl sat at the corner in the classroom正：The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.那個女孩子坐在教室的角落里。訓(xùn)練1、Dont sit the corner of the table.A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)2. The boy sat _ the corner of the room.A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)3. People came _ the four corners of the earth.

12、A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)4.The house stands _ the corner.A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)典型錯誤例析1. 承蒙相助，不勝感激。誤：Thats very kind to you to help me.正：Thats very kind of you to help me.析：在得到對方幫助、善待時， 你要表示自己的感激之情，常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為“（某人）對（某人）好”。2我想盡可能早點(diǎn)見到他。誤：I woul

13、d like seeing him as soon as possible.正：I would like to see him as soon as possible.析：would like =d like, 用來表示“想要、希望、愿意“，后跟動詞不定式，不跟動名詞。3我對他的漢語有些擔(dān)憂。誤：Im worried for his Chinese.正：Im worried about his Chinese.析：“對擔(dān)憂”應(yīng)用 be worried about 。4兩個月太長了。誤：Two months are quite a long time.正：Two months is quite

14、a long time.析：表示重量、時間、長度、價值等的名詞作主語，盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但仍作為一個整體看待，動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。5全家人打算在那兒呆兩個月。誤：The whole family are going there for two months.正：The whole family is going there for two months.析：在這里family指整個家庭，所以動詞用單數(shù)形式。試比較：My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。（這里指家庭成員，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）6我看見他們正在踢足球。誤

15、：I saw them play football.正：I saw them playing football.析：在see、hear、watch等動詞后，既可接不帶to 的動詞不定式，又可帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時說明動作發(fā)生了，即動作的全部過程結(jié)束了。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在發(fā)生，即處于發(fā)生的過程中，還沒有結(jié)束。7我對科學(xué)感興趣。誤：Im interesting in science.正：Im interested in science.析：interesting “令人感興趣的”，可用作標(biāo)語，其主語是物，也可以用作定語，修飾人或物。interested“感興

16、趣的”，常用于be(become) interested的結(jié)構(gòu)，主語是人。8她沒乘車去，而是步行的。誤：She went there on foot instead by bus.正：She went there on foot instead of by bus.正：She didnt go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.析：instead“代替”，表示前面的事情沒有做，而是做了后面的事，一般位于句首或句尾，但不能位于句中，且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個句子一般是肯定形式，前面的那個句子一般是否定形式。而instead

17、of具有否定意義，后可接一個并列成分。9那個男孩有那么多奇怪的問題。誤：The boy had such many strange questions.正：The boy had so many strange questions.析：表示“這樣（那樣）多”，可用so many（用于復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞）或so much（用不可數(shù)名詞）。它們是固定搭配，so 不能用such代替。10請讓他把音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒。誤：Ask him to turn off it, please.正：Ask him to turn it down, please.析：表示通過使用開關(guān)或調(diào)節(jié)器，將電器或類似用品（收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)等）

18、的聲音、亮度等調(diào)低、關(guān)小，用turn down, 其中down是副詞，若是代詞作賓語時，則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。11下周我將乘飛機(jī)去上海。誤：Ill fly to Shanghai by air next week.正：Ill fly to Shanghai next week.正：Ill get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.析：fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用，以免重復(fù)。12我每周看一次電影。誤：I go to the cinema on

19、ce every week.正：I go to the cinema once a week.析：表示在一段時間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)一定的次數(shù)，用“次數(shù)+一段時間”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周（月、年）兩次。13包里裝滿了書。誤：The bag is full with books.正：The bag is full of books.正：The bag is filled with books.析：be full of =be filled with, 意為“某容器裝滿了某物”，其主語多為容器。14我們每個人都有一本詞典。誤：Each we have a dicti

20、onary.正：We have a dictionary each.正：Each of us has a dictionary.析：each可用作同位語，放在主語、助動詞、連系動詞之后或句末，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用，謂語用單數(shù)形式。15手術(shù)持續(xù)了五個小時。誤：The operation kept five hours.正：The operation lasted for five hours.析：動詞last可用來表示某事物持續(xù)存在下去，也可用于下列情況：某物的數(shù)量達(dá)到在需要的一段時間內(nèi)夠用，即可說那樣?xùn)|西持續(xù)（多長時間）。而keep為“保存、保持”之意，與

21、題意不符。16你知道他們的飛機(jī)什么時候離開北京嗎？誤：Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?正：Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?析：賓語從句不論其原來結(jié)構(gòu)如何，都使用陳述句語序，即：不顛倒主謂語，也不另加助動詞。17昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。誤：The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.正：The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.析：在比較句型中，比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)前后一致。本句是拿“昆明的天氣”與“蘭州的天氣”比較，而不是與“蘭州”這個地名相比較。18他告訴我們太陽是圓的。誤：He told us that the sun was round.正：He told us that the sun is round.析：在含賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句是一般過去時，從句可根據(jù)需要選用過去的某種時態(tài),但從句若陳述的真