愉快教學(xué)法在初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的研究

1、 本科畢業(yè)論文 愉快教學(xué)法在 初中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的研究學(xué)生姓名： 學(xué)生學(xué)號(hào)： 1 院（系）： 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院 年級(jí)專(zhuān)業(yè)： 2003級(jí)英語(yǔ)本科1班 指導(dǎo)教師： 二七年五月On Happy Teaching MethodIn Junior School EnglishZhu YuanhongUnder the Supervision ofTang GuopingSchool of Foreign Languages and CulturesPanzhihua UniversityMay 2007ContentsAbstractIKey WordsI摘 要II關(guān) 鍵 詞IIIntroduction1I. T

2、he Origin of Happy Teaching3II.The Causes of Happy Teaching5A. An Outcome of Educational Reform6B. The Requirements of Students6C. An Inevitable Trend7III.Functions of the Happy Teaching7IV.The Application of the Happy Teaching in Junior School8A. Several Games for Students in Class9B. A Situation f

3、or the Students to Stimulate Their Imagination9C. Use of Multimedia10D. Interesting Stories for the Students in Class10E. English Contests10F. Role Plays for the Students11Conclusion12Acknowledgements13Bibliography14AbstractDue to the shortage of English teaching method, the Happy Teaching has been

4、applied widely, especially in junior schools. Since it is applied, it has posed a great challenge for the traditional teaching in China. Although the Happy Teaching is popular with the teachers and students in China, it still has a long way to go. The author of the paper begins with the importance o

5、f English, the origin of Happy Teaching, introduces some functions of Happy Teaching, and mainly brings some advices about how to apply the Happy Teaching Method in junior English. Key WordsHappy Teaching; junior English; the traditional teaching摘要英語(yǔ)作為一門(mén)語(yǔ)言工具，在國(guó)際交流中扮演著不可替代的作用。英語(yǔ)的教學(xué)自然成了中國(guó)老師和學(xué)生共同關(guān)注的話(huà)題。

6、愉快教學(xué)法在初中英語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用受到廣大師生的歡迎。愉快教學(xué)法在中國(guó)已漸漸為人們所接受,尤其在中學(xué)已得到廣泛應(yīng)用.本文作者從英語(yǔ)的重要性開(kāi)始,談到了愉快教學(xué)法的起源,作用,及愉快教學(xué)法的具體應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞愉快教學(xué)法; 中學(xué)英語(yǔ); 傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)IntroductionAt present, the defects of duck-feeding method have been exposed gradually. Thus, the Chinese government is trying to carry out the educational reform. Admittedly, tradition

7、al teaching does much harm to students in certain degree. In details, students in China do outperform American students in rudimentary knowledge, but they find it hard to work out creative ideas. Therefore, a new teaching method, Happy Teaching, comes into being. Those who are not familiar with it m

8、ay ask what Happy Teaching is. In short, Happy Teaching means joyful study, entertaining, educating, and enriching.“Invigorating our nation through education, science and technology” is a slogan that has spread every corner in China. Being aware of the importance of education, a large number of scho

9、lars have devoted their time and energy to the course of the education. However, as the saying goes: “There is no royal road to learning.” So is education. Education is not a course that can be easily achieved. It is always full of challenges. Nowadays, the United States is the only super power in t

10、he world. Without doubt, English is considered as the international language to exchange information. As a citizen of a developing country, Chinese particularly need to learn the advanced technology from the developed countries. Therefore, Chinese students ought to master English well to contribute

11、to motherland. Whats more, after China enters into WTO, she is plunged into an international competition in many aspects. Thus, in order to keep pace with the world, Chinese students also ought to learn English well. As a matter of fact, English is taught as a foreign language in China. Students lea

12、rn English, ranging from primary school, secondary school, and college.As for English learning, it is a headache both for teachers and students in China. On the teachers part, they are exploring the most suitable way to teach students. On the students part, some think that pronunciation is very diff

13、icult; while others claim that grammar is much more tedious. Different people have different views. Frankly speaking, English is more complex in some aspects compared with Chinese. Just take inverted sentence structure for example; there are a lot of rules for students to remember. When and how to u

14、se it? It is very hard to understand for Chinese students, for there are no such complex inverted sentences in Chinese. As a result, Chinese students always feel puzzled at the process of learning and can not use it correctly. Especially, English is most difficult for junior students, for they are p

15、hysically and emotionally immature. They can not concentrate themselves on the tedious grammar for 45 minutes and may easily lose their passion and interest in English. Accordingly, reform and adjustment are needed at once. I. The Origin of Happy TeachingAs far as the origin of the Happy Teaching is

16、 concerned, it can be divided into two parts both in China and in western countries.In China, the origin of Happy Teaching can be dated back to the Spring and Autumn Period. Great educator Confucius said like this “學(xué)而時(shí)習(xí)之,不亦樂(lè)乎?” “知之著不如好之者，好之者.” It suggests that learning itself is full of pleasure and

17、 students are able to obtain satisfaction in emotion. At that time, Confucius has realized that the interest of learner plays an important role in learning. And he regards the Happy Teaching as the highest rank of learning. Later, his concept of learning is succeeded and expanded by his students彥淵(Y

18、an Yuan). “樂(lè)之入人也深，其化也”, what he means is that music has magic which can improve students spirit. And there is a famous book the old text學(xué)記. It explains the Happy Teaching in details “道而弗牽則和，強(qiáng)而弗抑則易，開(kāi)而弗達(dá)則思。和，易以思，可謂善于矣.” In this sentence, “和” means the harmonious relationship between teachers and stude

19、nts and the contradict in the process of learning should be settled properly. “易” means students do their study in a relaxed atmosphere and then they will not consider the study as a terrified channel. “思” means the mental activities in the process of learning. Teachers never answer the question dir

20、ectly; while only give the students a hint. Thus, students could work out the answers by themselves and get a sense o f success.In fact, the history of Happy Teaching in China is quite long. In the past, “pouring-in”type of teaching dominated the educational career all the time. However, there were

21、still some bold educators who had put forward the concept of Happy Teaching, such as王嚴(yán)墾(Wang Yanken). From his point of view “今教童子，必使其趨向鼓舞，中心喜悅，則其進(jìn)自不能已；譬之時(shí)雨春風(fēng)，沾被卉木， 莫不萌動(dòng)發(fā)越，自然日長(zhǎng)月化.” Otherwise, the students would be afraid of learning and regard the school as a hell. To satisfy the students, more and

22、more scholars are against “pouring-in” type of teaching. Among them, 梁?jiǎn)⒊?Liang Qichao)criticizes the traditional teaching strongly “必立監(jiān)佐史以蒞之，正襟危坐，以圈之，庭內(nèi)湫隘，養(yǎng)氣不足，圈禁拘管，有如重囚， 對(duì)卷茫然，更無(wú)生趣.”He suggested that traditional teaching should be replaced by Happy Teaching at once. Owing to those educators, Happy T

23、eaching can develop so fast. Of course, there were a lot of scholars in China who had contributed themselves to the development of Happy Teaching. Here just lists a few of them.As for the history of Happy Teaching in western countries, it originated in ancient Greek. Socrates is the first person to

24、put forward the concept of Happy Teaching in western countries. In his opinion, the work of teachers is not only confined to transmit the truth and knowledge, they should also be producer of new concepts. His mind is succeeded and expanded by his students Aristotle. From Aristotles point of view, ed

25、ucation should be consistent with students natural development. He also gives considerable examples to show the possibility and necessity of Happy Teaching. The most important contribution to the development of Happy Teaching is his musical concept. Later, with Europe entry into Renaissance, a group

26、 of humanism educators call for the nature of human beings, while abandoning religious education. As an explorer of teaching theory, Comenius expounds what Happy Teaching is systematically. He criticizes the schools as slaughterhouse of talented students. He expresses his opinion on teaching in the

27、book On Great Teaching that teaching is a wonderful art. He tries to leave more time and scope for students.At the end of nineteenth century, American scholar Lork expounds his view “Curiosity is the motive to pursue knowledge” Herbert Spencer claims “Teaching should be full of joy.” Whether the stu

28、dents have obtained pleasure from learning is an important criterion for teaching. In Germany, Diesterwey thinks that “the nature of teaching does not lie in teaching, but motivation” He demonstrates a series of principles of Happy Teaching. At the beginning of twentieth century, there exists severa

29、l schools about concept of teaching, but they share one thing in common, that was, all of them pay much attention to Happy Teaching. Dewey argues that teaching should be on the basis of childrens interest, for interest is the signal of certain ability. The main job of teacher is to help students fin

30、d out such ability. Besides, he says “School teaching is a joint course that needs the corporation between teachers and students”. Former Soviet Union scholar Makarova Ke expresses his idea “the most exciting thing in life is futures joy.” He divides the happiness into two levels, the lower and the

31、higher. The lower level of happiness comes from the basic needs, while the higher level comes from the sense of satisfaction. He puts much emphasis on childrens individualism and natural development. After the World War II, with the rapid development of technology, education encounters new challenge

32、s at that time and it leads education experiment to become a hot issue then. Happy Teaching is put into practice and tested in the experiments. Sukhomlin puts forward “students should enjoy the sense of success”. Teachers should try to make the students engage in learning under an ease atmosphere, f

33、eel surprised in front of truth and realize their power of wisdom during learning. He also gives some concrete instructions to teachers “Be serious of childrens curiosity and give them certain awards when they achieve a little.” The core of the Happy Teaching is that the students are willing to lear

34、n and ready to overcome the difficulties. In his opinion, optimistic attitude would bring out high spirit which is useful to study. In contrast, from the famous educator Bruners point of view, inside motivation plays the most important role in learning. Interest in material is the best motivation fo

35、r students. If they find all the subjects are worthwhile to learn, they would be absorbed in it. To conclude, different people hold different view about Happy Teaching, however, all of them accept the influence of it. The history of Happy Teaching in western countries is as long as in China. In Darw

36、ins opinion: “the fittest survive.” Without doubt, Happy Teaching is the fittest and developing day by day.II.The Causes of Happy TeachingWhen it comes to Happy Teaching, the causes for it may be complex, but there are three main reasons which can account for it.A. An Outcome of Educational ReformIn

37、 China, it is well-known that students are overburdened with home assignments, crammed with a great number of intellectual facts and working blindly for higher grades under an ossified teaching method. Consequently, students become tired of learning. They have nothing to do in the class but listenin

38、g to the teacher carefully. Gradually, they feel tedious to attend the classes. Whats more, the relation between teachers and students are becoming more and more intense. Nevertheless, how to change the terrible situation? Happy Teaching is the best choice. Thanks to educational reform, Happy Teachi

39、ng can be paid attention. Happy Teaching is different from traditional teaching. Happy Teaching stresses on integrity and ability equally. And it is aimed at making students active, enthusiastic in the class, optimistic at the future life. It is true that students are backbone of China, but there is

40、 no need to sacrifice childrens harmonious development to pursue high marks. Not long ago, the central government decreed a new law on the educational reform, which marks the beginning of educational reform in China. It also witnesses that the Chinese educational system come to a new stage. From the

41、n on, new life is breathed into students. And they also relieve themselves of great pressure on further education. In other words, they will not blindly work for high grades any more. They can learn the knowledge and master the skills in a happy atmosphere.B. The Requirements of Students Some studen

42、ts may claim that children in modern society, especially those from one-child families, have already got too much love and happiness from parents. What they need is not happiness but hardship. However, that is a misunderstanding of Happy Teaching. Admittedly, children in modern society are materiall

43、y better off and they lead a happy life. But if they are not educated scientifically, they are prone to be spoiled by affluent condition. For example, they may become bad tempered or form a bad habit and so on. How to transform the affluent material life into beneficial aspects? The crucial point is

44、 teaching arts. Teachers should attract students attention. Therefore, students are willing to learn. Interest is the motive that we try to get to know something or devote to some activities. Obviously, Happy Teaching will make up the lack of interest and the indifference of the emotion. Besides, it

45、 will motivate their desire of acquiring knowledge and improve their sense of satisfaction. Because of the interest, students will love study from the bottom of heart. To sum up, not only the teachers call for Happy Teaching, but also the students are in need of it.C. An Inevitable Trend The reason

46、for why Happy Teaching Method is an inevitable trend is that it is the accumulation of humans excellent experience, which can address the problem of traditional teaching. Besides, Happy Teaching will be fulfilled and enriched with the development of society. Since the regain of Entrance of Examinati

47、on in 1977, the purpose of education is to help the students pass the exams, so students are overburdened and they are on the verge of breakdown. Thus, reform need to be made as soon as possible. On the government part, they have already adopted educational reform. On the teachers part, they can cha

48、nge the way of teaching to make the class efficient. In recent years, on the basis of practice and experiment in western countries, China follows the suit and makes some obvious improvement.III.Functions of the Happy TeachingTo quote British philosopher Herbert Spencer: “Education has for its object

49、 the formation of character.” Happy Teaching does for its object the formation of character. How to demonstrate that Happy Teaching plays an important role in education? Happy Teaching will cultivate students ability to analyze and solve the problems independently. In the past, the students rely on

50、teachers much. Teachers tell the answers to the students directly. On the contrary, now the teachers only give certain clues to the students so that the students can work out the answers by themselves. Therefore the students are able to enjoy the sense of success. Happy Teaching will help develop th

51、e ability of the students to work things out for themselves. In life, human beings are likely to encounter many difficulties. Thus the students have to learn to face the setbacks bravely. In class, the teachers will set a lot of scenes for the students. How to get on well with the classmates? How to

52、 communicate with others? The students will live by themselves.Happy Teaching will foster the students ability to study on their own. The pleasure of learning is not confined to learning from textbooks, which are often too tedious. Among the pleasure of learning, we should conclude travel-with an op

53、en mind, an alert eye and a visit to understand people, other places, rather than looking in them for a mirror image of oneself(池方浩,2000).IV.The Application of the Happy Teaching in Junior SchoolIt is well-known that junior students are inclined to be out of mind in class if they are taught in an os

54、sified way. As to the question, how to draw the students attention? Teachers in junior students are trying to put Happy Teaching into practice. Since Happy Teaching is different from traditional teaching, there are many requirements for both teachers and students. On one hand, teachers must improve

55、themselves to qualify themselves for the new post. For example, they must bring vigor to the class and keep smiling. In fact, teachers are not God but ordinary people who have their own emotions and feelings. They may feel sad if they are hurt by their friends; they may feel excited if they get the

56、Doctors degree. But, teachers are required to control themselves and keep a good mood so that student can have a relaxed environment. On the other hand, teachers have to take care of the students. When the students are in low spirit, the teachers may act as a listener; when the students encounter so

57、me difficulties, the teachers may try their utmost to give them a hand. As for students, they should learn to cooperate with teachers. Only through their joint effort can they achieve their goal.Since Happy Teaching is popular with teachers and students, what measures will teachers take to apply Hap

58、py Teaching to class?A. Several Games for Students in ClassIt is very difficult for junior student to concentrate themselves on the text for forty five minutes. Therefore, teachers had better change the way of teaching when the students feel tired. According to Floyd, game is promoted by the principle of pleasure and it is the parent of satisfaction. To play the game, teachers firstly divide the whole class into two groups(賀斌,1993). The first person in the first group speaks out a word, such as dark. Then the first person in the second group sho