西方經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)英漢單詞對(duì)照表

1、埃奇沃思盒狀圖Edgeworth box diagram埃奇沃思模型Edgeworths model骯臟浮動(dòng) dirty floating奧地利學(xué)派 Australian School奧爾多自由主義學(xué)派 Ordo Liberal School奧肯定理 Okuns law奧意財(cái)政學(xué)派 fiscal school in Austria and Italy巴羅模型 Barro model巴塞爾協(xié)議 Basel agreement半變動(dòng)成本 semi-variable cost包銷 exclusive sales保護(hù)關(guān)稅 protective tariff保護(hù)就業(yè)論 employment argume

2、nt for protectionism保護(hù)貿(mào)易說 theory of protective trade保護(hù)幼稚工業(yè)論 infant-industry argument 保留價(jià)格 reservation price保留需求 reservation demand保險(xiǎn)單 insurance policy保證金交易 margin trading鮑莫爾模型 Baumols model鮑莫爾托賓模 型Baumol-Tobin model鮑莫爾最大銷售收益假說 Baumols hypothesis of maximal sell returns鮑文布萊克多數(shù)投票模型Bowen-Black majority

3、 voting model貝葉斯標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Bayes criterion貝葉斯靜態(tài)博弈static Bayesian games貝葉斯納什均衡Bayesian-Nash equilibrium比較財(cái)政學(xué)comparative public finance比較富有彈性 relatively elastic比較管理學(xué) comparative management比較靜態(tài)均衡comparative static equilibrium比較利益理論 theory of comparative advantage比較缺乏彈性 relatively inelastic比例均等犧牲 proportional s

4、acrifice比例稅負(fù) proportional tax-bearing比例稅率 proportional tax rate必需品 necessities必要增長率 required rate of growth庇古稅 Pigovian taxes 庇古效應(yīng) Pigou effect邊干邊學(xué) learning-by-doing 邊際報(bào)酬遞減規(guī)律 law of diminishing marginal returns邊際產(chǎn)量 marginal product邊際產(chǎn)量遞減diminishing marginal product邊際產(chǎn)品價(jià)值value of marginal product邊際成本

5、定價(jià)法 marginal cost pricing邊際儲(chǔ)蓄傾向 marginal propensity to save（MPS）邊際革命 marginal revolution邊際公共支出傾向 marginal public expenditure propensity邊際技術(shù)替代率marginal rate of technical substitution邊際技術(shù)替代率遞減diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution邊際進(jìn)口傾向 marginal propensity to import（MPM）邊際量 marginal quant

6、ity邊際貧窮 marginal poor邊際社會(huì)成本marginal social cost（MSC）邊際社會(huì)純產(chǎn)值marginal society pure production value邊際社會(huì)收益 marginal social benefit（MSB），marginal social revenues邊際收益 marginal revenue邊際收益產(chǎn)品marginal revenue product邊際稅率 marginal tax rate邊際稅收傾向 marginal tax propensity邊際私人成本 marginal personal cost邊際私人收益 marg

7、inal private benefit（MPB）邊際替代率 marginal rate of substitution邊際替代率遞減 diminishing marginal rate of substitution邊際外部成本 marginal external cost邊際外部性 marginal externality邊際外在損害marginal external damage邊際物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品marginal physical product邊際消費(fèi)傾向 marginal propensity to consume邊際效用 marginal utility邊際效用遞減diminishing

8、 marginal utility邊際效用均等 equi-marginal utility邊際效用學(xué)派 Marginal Utility School邊際要素成本 marginal cost of actors邊際有效稅率 marginal effective tax rate邊際有效稅率模型 marginal effective tax rate model邊際欲望 marginal desire邊際轉(zhuǎn)換率 marginal rate of transformation邊沁杰里米 Bentham，Jeremy貶值的貿(mào)易條件效應(yīng) effects of devaluation on terms-

9、of-trade變相貨幣 disguised money標(biāo)準(zhǔn)基期法 method of standard period標(biāo)準(zhǔn)商品 standard goods標(biāo)準(zhǔn)投資利潤率法 method of standard profit rate of investment表外業(yè)務(wù)off-balance-sheet activities of banks稟賦點(diǎn) endowment point撥款的替代效應(yīng) substitution effect of grant伯格森 Bergson，A.伯格森薩繆爾森的社會(huì)福利函數(shù)Bergson-Samuelsons social welfare function伯格森

10、社會(huì)福利函數(shù) Bergson social welfare function博弈論 game theory博弈樹 game trees 補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易 compensation trade補(bǔ)償性財(cái)政政策 compensatory fiscal policy補(bǔ)償性稅收政策compensatory tax policy補(bǔ)償需求函數(shù) compensated demand function補(bǔ)償原理 compensation principal補(bǔ)償政策 compensatory policy不變成本 fixed cost不變的利率 constant rate of interest不變加成經(jīng)濟(jì)周期模型busi

11、ness cycle model of constant added value不變價(jià)格 constant price不變彈性 constant elasticity不誠實(shí)投票 insincere voting不純公共物品 impure public goods不動(dòng)點(diǎn)定理 fixed point theorem不對(duì)稱信息 asymmetric information不發(fā)達(dá)國家 underdeveloped countries不加速通貨膨脹的失業(yè)率 non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment（NAIRU）不可兌換貨幣 inconvertible

12、 currency不可分散風(fēng)險(xiǎn) undispersible risk不可抗力 force majeure不可置信的威脅 incredible threat不平衡增長 unbalanced growth不確定性 uncertainty 不體現(xiàn)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步disembodied technical change不完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng) incomplete competition不完全替代品 imperfect substitutes不完全信息模型 imperfect-information model不完全預(yù)期的通貨膨脹 imperfectly anticipated inflation不穩(wěn)定均衡 unstab

13、le equilibrium不相關(guān)選擇的獨(dú)立性 irrelevant alternative independence不正常的通貨膨脹 invalidated inflation 布勞 威 爾 不 動(dòng) 點(diǎn) 定 理Brouwers fixed-point theorem布雷頓森林貨幣體系 Bretton woods monetary system部分歸屬制 partial imputation system部分海損 partial loss部分損失沖銷機(jī)制 partial loss-off-setting mechanism部分轉(zhuǎn)嫁 partial shiftingCES生產(chǎn)函數(shù) CES pro

14、duction functionCIF 術(shù)語 cost，insurance and freight（CIF）財(cái)產(chǎn)稅 taxation on properties財(cái)產(chǎn) 替 代 效 應(yīng)substitution effect of property財(cái)富替代效應(yīng) wealth substitution effect財(cái)富轉(zhuǎn)讓稅 wealth transfer taxes財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼政策 policy of fiscal subsidy財(cái)政部觀點(diǎn) Treasury view財(cái)政乘數(shù) fiscal multiplier財(cái)政赤字 fiscal deficit財(cái)政赤字效應(yīng) effect of financial d

15、eficit財(cái)政沖力 fiscal impulse財(cái)政刺激 fiscal stimulus財(cái) 政 發(fā) 行currency issue for fiscal purpose財(cái)政杠桿 fiscal leverage財(cái)政關(guān)稅 revenue tariff財(cái)政紅利 fiscal dividend財(cái)政幻覺 fiscal illusion財(cái)政交換說 exchange theory of public finance財(cái)政聯(lián)邦制，財(cái)政聯(lián)邦主義 fiscal federalism財(cái)政年度 fiscal year財(cái)政收入 fiscal revenue財(cái)政收入集中率 centralization ratio of

16、financial revenue財(cái)政特權(quán) fiscal privilege財(cái)政投資 fiscal investment財(cái)政投資政策 policy of fiscal investment財(cái)政拖累 fiscal drag財(cái)政犧牲說 fiscal sacrifice theory財(cái)政性通貨膨脹 fiscal inflation財(cái)政優(yōu)惠 fiscal incentives財(cái)政與貨幣政策混合fiscal-monetary policy mix財(cái)政政策效應(yīng) effect of fiscal policy財(cái)政支出 fiscal expenditure財(cái)政支出的長期收入模型 long-term reven

17、ue model of financial expenditure菜單成本 menu costs策略補(bǔ)償 strategic complementary策略互動(dòng) strategic interaction策略替代 strategic substitutability差別關(guān)稅 differential duty差別信息 different information差價(jià)稅 variable levy差異產(chǎn)品 differentiated products差異原則 difference principle產(chǎn)出 output產(chǎn) 出 關(guān) 聯(lián) 理 論industries relativity theory產(chǎn)

18、出效應(yīng) output effect產(chǎn)品差異 production differentiation產(chǎn)品的生命周期 product cycle產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線 product transformation curve產(chǎn)權(quán)理論 theory of property rights產(chǎn)權(quán)收益率，產(chǎn)權(quán)報(bào)酬率 return on equity（ROE）產(chǎn)權(quán)學(xué)派 Property-right Economics產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易 intra-industry trade產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)貿(mào)易指數(shù) intra-industry trade index顫抖手均衡trembling-hand perfect equilibrium長期邊際成

19、本 long-run marginal cost（LMC）長期菲利普斯曲線 long-run Phillips curve長期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性均衡 long-run competitive equilibrium長期均衡 long-run equilibrium長期 勞 動(dòng) 合 同 論long-term labor contract theory長期貧窮 hardcore poor長期平均成本 long-run average cost長期停滯 secular stagnation長期停滯理論 secular-stagnation theory長期消費(fèi)函數(shù) long-run consumption fu

20、nction長期性失業(yè) chronic unemployment長期資本流動(dòng) long capital flow長 期 總 成 本long-run total cost（LTC）償債基金 debt service funds償債能力 debt paying ability償債能力系數(shù) debt coverage ratio常務(wù)董事會(huì) board of managing directors 廠商 firm廠商均 衡equilibrium for a business firm 廠商信譽(yù)論 firm reputation theory場(chǎng)外交易市場(chǎng) OTS markets超 保 護(hù) 貿(mào) 易 政 策u

21、ltra-protective trade policy超保 護(hù) 貿(mào) 易 主 義theory on super-protectionism超額利潤 excess profit超額需求 excess demand超級(jí) 301條款 super301 clause超級(jí)乘數(shù) super multiplier沉淀成本 sunk cost成本不變行業(yè) constant cost industry成本遞減行業(yè) decreasing cost industry 成本遞增行業(yè) increasing cost industry成本函數(shù) cost function成本會(huì)計(jì) cost accounting成本加成定價(jià)

22、 markup pricing成本平價(jià) cost parity成本收入比較法 cost to revenue comparative method成本彈性 cost elasticity成本推進(jìn)通貨膨脹 cost-push inflation成本效益分析 cost-benefit analysis成本最小化問題 cost minimum problem 承兌 交 單 documents against acceptance（D/A）承諾成本 committed cost承諾行動(dòng) commitment乘數(shù)原理 multiplier principle程序操縱 agenda manipulatio

23、n持久收入儲(chǔ)蓄動(dòng)機(jī)permanent-in-come savings motive持久收入的邊際消費(fèi)傾向 marginal propensity to consume out of permanent income持久收入假說 permanent income hypothesis持平產(chǎn)出 break-even output持平收入 break-even income持有期收益率 holding period benefits持有收益 holding gains持有損失 holding losses持有正義論 theory of holding justice赤字貨幣化 monetizatio

24、n of deficit赤字性支出 deficit spending赤字預(yù)算 budget with deficit赤字債務(wù)化 debtization of deficit充分乘數(shù) full multiplier充分就業(yè) full employment充分就業(yè)產(chǎn)量 full-employment output充分就業(yè)的預(yù)算盈余full-employment budget surplus充分就業(yè)目標(biāo) objective of full employment充 分 就 業(yè) 失 業(yè) 率full-employment unemployment rate充分就業(yè)盈余full-employment sur

25、plus充分就業(yè)預(yù)算赤字 full employment budget deficit充分生產(chǎn) full production沖擊乘數(shù) impact multiplier出口補(bǔ)貼 export subsidy出口導(dǎo)向型增長 export-lead growth出口鼓勵(lì) export promotion出口稅 export duties出口替代 export substitution出口信貸 export credit出口性通貨膨脹 exported inflation出口依存度degree of dependence upon export出售污染權(quán) sales for pollution r

26、ights初級(jí)內(nèi)向 primary inward-looking初級(jí)外向 primary outward-looking儲(chǔ)備貨幣 reserve currency儲(chǔ)備進(jìn)口比率 reserve-import ratio儲(chǔ)備頭寸 reserve position儲(chǔ)備資產(chǎn)增減額 change in reserves儲(chǔ)蓄的利率彈性 elasticity of interest rate for saving儲(chǔ)蓄負(fù)利率 negative interest rates of savings儲(chǔ)蓄過度理論 over saving theory儲(chǔ)蓄函數(shù) savings function儲(chǔ)蓄率 savings r

27、atio儲(chǔ)蓄銀行 savings bank儲(chǔ)蓄增長率 increase ingrate of savings傳統(tǒng) 貨 幣 理 論traditional monetary theory創(chuàng)新經(jīng)濟(jì)周期理論 innovation business-cycle theory純粹集權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì) pure command economy純粹交易 pure exchange純粹壟斷 pure monopoly純地租 pure rent純公共物品 pure public goods純古典制 pure classical system純貨幣理論 pure monetary theory純 經(jīng) 濟(jì) 福 利net econ

28、omic welfare pure economic welfare純貿(mào)易條件 net barter terms of trade純時(shí)間偏好率 rate of pure time preference純私人物品 pure private goods純 再 分 配 模 型pure redistribution model次級(jí)內(nèi)向 secondary inward-looking次級(jí)外向 secondary outward-looking次優(yōu)理論 second-best theory次優(yōu)政策 second-best policy刺 激反 應(yīng) 公 式stimulas-reaction formula

29、從價(jià)稅 ad valorem duty從量稅 specific duty存貨 投 資 周 期inventory investment cycle存款保險(xiǎn) deposit insurance存款 準(zhǔn) 備 金 政 策policy of reserve requirement存量分析 stock analysis存量和流量 stock and flow代理銀行制度 agent banks system代議制民主 representative democracy丹尼森法則 Denisons law單獨(dú)浮動(dòng) independent floating單峰偏好 single-peaked preferenc

30、e單個(gè)消費(fèi)者的均 衡equilibrium for the individual consumer單利 single interest單式稅則 single tariff單向外在性 unilateral externality單項(xiàng)否決權(quán) line item veto單一產(chǎn)品出口型經(jīng)濟(jì)export-enclave economy單一經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) mono-economics單一銀行體制 unit banks單因素貿(mào)易條件 single factor terms of trade刀刃均衡 knife-equilibrium道瓊斯平均數(shù) Dow Jones Average道德風(fēng)險(xiǎn) moral hazard

31、道德選民 ethical voter道 爾 頓 轉(zhuǎn) 移 原 則Dalton transfer principle德 爾 菲 預(yù) 測(cè) 法Delphi forecasting method等邊際原理 equilibrium principle等產(chǎn)量線 isoquant curve等成本線 iso-cost line低成 本 價(jià) 格 領(lǐng) 導(dǎo) 制low cost price leadship低收入國家 low income countries低 水 平 均 衡 陷 阱 理 論low-level equilibrium trap theory抵消關(guān)稅 atching duty抵押市場(chǎng) mortgage

32、market抵押債券 mortgage bond地點(diǎn)套匯 arbitrage in space地方公共物品 local public goods地方稅 local tax地方政府的分層蛋糕模型layer cake model of local government地區(qū)工資稅和折扣 regional pay-roll taxes and rebates第三 級(jí) 價(jià) 格 歧 視third class price discrimination蒂布假說 Tiebout hypothesis蒂布均衡 Tiebout equilibrium蒂布模型 Tibets model蒂布遷移 Tiebout mig

33、ration點(diǎn)彈性 point elasticity電匯匯率 telegraphic transfer rate電子貨幣 electronic money調(diào)研預(yù)測(cè)法 investigation and research forecasting method盯住利率指標(biāo)pegged interest rate indicator東 南 亞 國 家 聯(lián) 盟Association of Southeast Asia Nations（ASEAN）動(dòng)態(tài)分析 dynamical analysis動(dòng)態(tài)均衡 dynamic equilibrium動(dòng)態(tài)外部經(jīng)濟(jì) dynamic external economic

34、s動(dòng)態(tài)無效性 dynamic inefficiency動(dòng)物本能 animal spirits獨(dú) 立 品，不 相 關(guān) 商 品independent goods短期菲利普斯曲線 short-run Phillips curve短期貨幣市場(chǎng) short-term money market短期金邊債券 short-dated gilt-edged security短期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性均衡 short-run competitive equilibrium短期均衡 short-run equilibrium短期可變成本 short-run variable cost短期政府債券 short tap短期資本流動(dòng) s

35、hort capital flow短期總供給曲線 short-run aggregate supply curve短缺的累積性效應(yīng) cumulative effect of shortage對(duì)沖干預(yù) sterilized intervention對(duì)數(shù)曲線預(yù)測(cè)法logarithmic curve forecasting method對(duì)通貨膨脹的需求 demand for inflation對(duì)外凈投資 net foreign investment對(duì)外貿(mào)易 foreign trade對(duì)外貿(mào)易乘數(shù) foreign trade multiplier多部門增長模型 multisector growth m

36、odel多重均衡 multiple equilibrium多峰偏好 multiple-peaked preference多數(shù)規(guī)則 majority voting rule多數(shù)人專制 tyranny of the majority多數(shù)投票規(guī)則增長論 growth theory for majority voting rule多樣化 diversification多種貨幣保值 insurable value of currencies 恩格爾法則 Engel law恩格爾曲線 Engel curveFOB 術(shù)語 FOB（free on board）發(fā)信號(hào) signaling發(fā)行的銀行 issuin

37、g bank發(fā)展國家觀 developmental state發(fā)展極 development poles發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) development teconomics發(fā)展危機(jī) development crisis發(fā)展援助 development aid，development assistance發(fā)展中國家 developing countries法幣 lawful money法定 存 款 準(zhǔn) 備 金 率rate of reserve requirements of bank deposit法定貨幣 fiat money法定利率 legal interest rate繁榮通貨膨脹 boom infl

38、ation反補(bǔ)貼稅 countervailing duty反壟斷 antitrust反傾銷 anti-dumping反傾銷論 anti-dumping argument反傾銷稅 anti-dumping duty反三角兼并 reverse triangular反通貨膨脹 disinflation反 通 貨 膨 脹 對(duì) 策counter-inflation policy反托拉斯法 Antitrust laws反向外援 reverse foreign aid反應(yīng)方程 reaction function反增長論 theory of disgrowth反周期的 counter cyclical反周期貨

39、幣政策規(guī)則 counter cycle monetary policy反 周 期 政 策anti-cyclical policy，counter-cyclical policy范圍經(jīng)濟(jì) economics of scope范圍經(jīng)濟(jì)度degree of economics of scope防止污染的財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼 subsidies for preventing pollution防止 污 染 的 直 接 管 制 政 策direct regulatory policy for preventing pollution放松規(guī)制 deregulation放松銀根政策 easy money policy飛躍

40、式白金時(shí)代 galloping platinum age非獨(dú)裁性 non-dictatorship非公開失業(yè) non-open unemployment非關(guān)稅壁壘 non-tariff barriers（NT-Bs）非合作均衡 noncooperative equilibrium非貨幣投資過度理論 over-non-money investment theory非價(jià)格競(jìng)爭(zhēng) non-price competition非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性 nonrival非均衡 disequilibrium非勞動(dòng)力 not in the labor force非累進(jìn)部門 non-progressive sector非排他性

41、nonexclusive非 調(diào) 節(jié) 性 貨 幣 政 策non-adjusting monetary policy非完全信息 imperfect information非系統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) non-systemic risk非相機(jī)處置支出(不可任意支配的支出) nondiscretionary expenditure非 選 擇 性 公 共 產(chǎn) 品non-optional public goods非銀行金融機(jī)構(gòu) non-bank financial institutions非知識(shí)效應(yīng) non-cognitive effects非中性技術(shù)進(jìn)步 non-neutral technical progress非洲開

42、發(fā)銀行African development bank非自決的財(cái)政政策 non-discretionary fiscal policy非 自 愿 失 業(yè)involuntary unemployment菲利普斯曲線 Phillips curve費(fèi)爾德斯坦曲線 Feldstein curve費(fèi)雪交易方程式 Fishers transaction equation費(fèi)雪效應(yīng) Fisher effect費(fèi) 用 收 益 比 較 法cost to benefit comparative method費(fèi)用效 應(yīng) 比 較 法cost to effect comparative method分層蛋糕模型 laye

43、r cake model分類所得稅 classified income tax分類綜合所得稅classified and aggregate income tax分配 distribution分配的邊際產(chǎn)品理論 marginal product theory of distribution分配公正 distributive justice分配決定論 distribution determination theory分配性時(shí)滯方程distributed lag equation分配正義論 distributing justice theory分批裝運(yùn) partial shipment分權(quán)問題 a

44、ssignment problem分權(quán)型財(cái)政管理體制 decentralized financial management system分權(quán)型稅收管理體制 decentralized tax administrative system分散化 decentralization分散性指標(biāo) dispersion index分?jǐn)?shù)投票 point voting分稅原則 principle for tax assignment分稅制 tax-sharing system分享經(jīng)濟(jì) participation economy豐收悖論 paradox of foison風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承擔(dān)的成本 cost of risk-

45、taking風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)?risk spreading風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制 risk control風(fēng)險(xiǎn)市場(chǎng) market for risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)下的選擇 choice under risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)型決策 risk decision風(fēng)險(xiǎn)厭惡度量 risk aversion measure風(fēng)險(xiǎn)溢價(jià) risk premium風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中性 risk neutral封閉經(jīng)濟(jì) closed economy封閉市場(chǎng)價(jià)格 price in the close market峰值 peak value弗萊堡學(xué)派 Freiburg School弗里德曼貨幣需求函數(shù) Friedmans demand function for money服務(wù)

46、貿(mào)易 service trade浮動(dòng)匯率 floating exchange rate浮動(dòng)匯率制floating exchange rate system浮動(dòng)利率 floating interest rate浮動(dòng)利率的抵押貸款floating rate mortgage福 利 國 家welfare country， welfare state福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的兩條基本定理two fundamental theorem of welfare economics福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)第二定理 second fundamental theorem of welfare economics福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)第三定理third

47、fundamental theorem of welfare economics福利經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)第一定 理first fundamental theorem of welfare economics福利開支 welfare expenditure福利效應(yīng) wealth effect輔助稅種 secondary tax付款交單 documents against payment（D/P）負(fù)儲(chǔ)蓄 dissaving負(fù)擔(dān)率 burden rate負(fù)金錢外在性 negative pecuniary externalities負(fù)排擠效應(yīng) negative crowding out effect負(fù)稅率 nega

48、tive tax rate負(fù)稅人 tax bearer負(fù)所得稅的福利效應(yīng) welfare affection of negative income tax負(fù)所得稅制system of negative income tax負(fù)外部效應(yīng) negative externality負(fù)效用 disutility負(fù)有效保護(hù)率 negative rate of effective protection負(fù)債管理 liability management負(fù)債業(yè)務(wù) liability business負(fù)債資產(chǎn)比率 debt-to-asset ratio負(fù)真實(shí)利率 negative real rate of int

49、erest附加技術(shù)進(jìn)步的生產(chǎn)要素factor augmenting technical progress附加稅 tax supplements附加預(yù)期的菲利普斯曲線 expectations-augmented Phillips curve復(fù)合需求 joint demand復(fù)利 compound interest復(fù)利現(xiàn)值系數(shù) present value interest factor復(fù)利終值系數(shù)future value interest factor復(fù)式記賬法 double entry method復(fù)式稅則 complex tariff復(fù)式預(yù)算 double-entry budgeting副產(chǎn)

50、品 by product賦稅乘數(shù) tax multiplierGDP缺口 GDP gap高峰負(fù)荷價(jià) peak-load pricing高就業(yè)盈余 high employment surplus高能貨幣 high-powered money戈森定律 Gossens law格雷欣法則 Greshams law格羅 夫 斯列 耶 機(jī) 制Groves-Ledyard mechanism個(gè)人可支配收入 disposable personal income工人錯(cuò)覺模型worker-misperception model工資差異 wage differentials工資的補(bǔ)償性差別 equalizing differences in wages工資工資螺旋式上升 wage-wage spiral工資理論 wage theory工 資 談 判 理 論theory of wage bargaining工資物價(jià)螺旋式上升 wage-price spiral工資 下 降 剛 性down