高中英語語法情態(tài)動詞課件2

1、1.情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞都用原形都用原形 2. 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+ (not) do (not) have done一情態(tài)動詞一情態(tài)動詞 *be able to 能用能用各種時態(tài)各種時態(tài)。如如 was/were able to, am/is/are able to, will/shall be able to, have/has been able to等等. can / could 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或過去過去的能力的能力。 1. 表能力表能力 can 與與be able to 區(qū)別區(qū)別？*was / were able to （過去）（過去）做成某事做成某事” =managed to do sth.

2、=succeeded in doing sth.。1.A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday. Luckily, everyone _ run out of the building.was able tocan never/canttoo表示表示“無論無論怎樣怎樣也不過分也不過分”，“越越越好越好” 。你過馬路的時候再小心也不為過。你過馬路的時候再小心也不為過。 You cant be too careful while crossing the road. 2.表允許表允許,請求請求 may, might, can, could用法用法 Mi

3、ght/May/Could/Can I use your computer? Yes, you may/can. Yes,please. No, you mustnt (不可以不可以/不準不準) /cant you may not/youd better not Im afraid not.may/might:用于祈使句中表示祝愿。用于祈使句中表示祝愿。祝你成功！祝你成功！ May you succeed. May you be happy all your life. must: 指說話人認為指說話人認為“主觀主觀”上有必要上有必要have to: 指指 “客觀客觀”的因素有必要做某事的因素

4、有必要做某事need: 只用于只用于否定句或疑問句否定句或疑問句*The train leaves at 7 oclock. I _ (must / have to) go now.*I dont like my watch. I _ (must / have to) buy a new one.have tomust3. 表必須需要表必須需要 must,have to,need的用法的用法:-Must/Need I go home now? (必須必須)表表”必須需要必須需要”的一般疑問句的一般疑問句回答形式回答形式 肯定肯定 “Yes, sb. must.”; 否定否定 “No, sb.

5、neednt.” 或或“No, sb. dont (doesnt/didnt) have to.” -Yes, you must./ No, you neednt. =you dont have to.mightmustmaycouldcant couldnt may not might not（不可能）（不可能）（可能不）（可能不）否定否定疑問疑問can/couldcant couldnt（不可能）（不可能）can 4. 表推測表推測（一定）（一定）1.對過去的推測對過去的推測。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+have donemust have done must have done cant/coul

6、dnt have donecant/couldnt have done should ( ought to ) have doneshould ( ought to ) have done 過去本該做某事卻沒做過去本該做某事卻沒做shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done shouldnt ( ought not to ) have done 過去本不該做某事卻做了過去本不該做某事卻做了過去一定做過某事過去一定做過某事過去不可能做過某事過去不可能做過某事neednt have doneneednt have done could have done could ha

7、ve done may / might have donemay / might have done 過去沒有必要做某事而實際上卻做了過去沒有必要做某事而實際上卻做了過去本可以做某事卻沒做過去本可以做某事卻沒做過去可能已經(jīng)做了某事過去可能已經(jīng)做了某事2.表示對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在動作的推測。表示對現(xiàn)在狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在動作的推測。She may be at home.He must be doing his homework now.3.表示對將來的推測。表示對將來的推測。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。動詞原形。He must arrive before 5 oclock. 他現(xiàn)在一定在看小說他現(xiàn)在一定在看小

8、說.He must be reading novels now. 他們買了一輛新車。他們買了一輛新車。 他們一定很有錢他們一定很有錢.They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.他們在玩籃球，他們在玩籃球， 他們一定完成了作業(yè)。他們一定完成了作業(yè)。They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.剛才我還看見他了，剛才我還看見他了， 所以他不可能出國的所以他不可能出國的.I saw him just now so he couldnt h

9、ave gone abroad. 你本來可以考的更好。你本來可以考的更好。 You could have had a better mark. 他可能已經(jīng)從報紙上知道這個消息了。他可能已經(jīng)從報紙上知道這個消息了。He might have read the news from the newspaper.表猜測語氣的反意疑問句的構成表猜測語氣的反意疑問句的構成: He must be reading, he? You must do it yourself, you? He must have gone over the article, he? It must have rained las

10、t night, it?1.Judging from his accident, he must be from the south,2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples,3.It is eleven oclock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now,isnt, he? didnt he?arent they?因因must后是實意動詞后是實意動詞like因因must后是系動詞后是系動詞 be must后接的是后接的是be sleeping

11、，是對正在進，是對正在進行的情況推測行的情況推測Practice1.With so much work on hand, you _to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. could have goneC. shouldnt go D. shouldnt have gone2. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurriedC. must not hurry D. neednt have hurriedPractice3. I saw M

12、ary in the library yesterday. -You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see4. Aunt Mary_the train, otherwise she would have arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might missShall/ should :1. Shall用于用于第一、第三人第一、

13、第三人稱，表示征求對方的意稱，表示征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸埵疽娀蛳驅(qū)Ψ秸埵?) What shall we do next ?2) When shall he be allowed to leave hospital? 2. 表決心或決定。表決心或決定。I shall come if I want to.3.Shall用于用于第二、第三人稱第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對方命令、，表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅以及法律條文規(guī)定。警告、允諾或威脅以及法律條文規(guī)定。You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished acc

14、ording to the rule. He shall have the book when I finish it.警告警告威脅威脅允諾允諾All the children shall go to school at the age of seven.法律條文規(guī)定法律條文規(guī)定1.表示勸告和建議命令，其同義詞是表示勸告和建議命令，其同義詞是ought to;在疑問句中，通在疑問句中，通常用常用should代替代替ought to。 You should study hard. We should be strict with ourselves.3.用于用于if 條件句表示萬一條件句表示萬一

15、 Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. Shoud I be free tomorrow ,I will come.4. 表居然，竟然表居然，竟然Why should you be so rude to your mother?I should advise you not to do that.2.用于第一人稱用于第一人稱,表示說話人的一種謙遜表示說話人的一種謙遜,客氣客氣,委婉委婉should:You are mistaken, I should say.will/would:1. 表示表示請求、建議請求、建議等，等，would比比wil

16、l委婉客氣。委婉客氣。Would you pleaseWould you mindWould ratherWould you likeWill you please take a message for me?Would you please pass him the book?will/would:2.表示表示意志意志、愿望愿望和和決心決心，would 為為 will 的過去式的過去式. I will never do that again.He said he would help me. 3.will表示表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性。翻譯為。翻譯為 “經(jīng)常、慣于、總是

17、經(jīng)常、慣于、總是”。 would表示表示過去過去經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性。經(jīng)常性、習慣性、傾向性。1). Fish will die without water.2).The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work. would門就是打不開門就是打不開 ! The door wont open. This machine wont work.可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare dare(敢）敢）行為動詞情態(tài)動詞need +

18、do+ to do neednt/darent dodontdoesnt +didntneeddare+ to do 用原形用原形needs/neededdares/daredHe darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?判斷正誤判斷正誤:He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.情態(tài)動詞考題情態(tài)動詞考題:1. Put on more clothes. You be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. must D. would2. Must I drive to his house and pick up the children? No, . A