句子成分與簡單句的五種基本句型(共59張PPT)

1、句子成分句子成分v組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分v它包括它包括主，謂，賓，賓補，表（直賓，主，謂，賓，賓補，表（直賓，間賓），定，狀間賓），定，狀v主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。 表語，賓語和賓補是謂語里的組成部表語，賓語和賓補是謂語里的組成部分。分。 定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。句子成分的構(gòu)成句子成分的構(gòu)成句子的主干成分：句子的主干成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語主語、謂語、賓語、表語句子的次要成分：句子的次要成分：定語、狀語、補語、插入語、同位語定語、狀語、補語、插入語、同位語主語主語v1. 主語是謂語講述

2、的對象。主語是謂語講述的對象。v2. 表示所說的表示所說的“是什麼是什麼”，“是誰是誰”，v3. 一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或一般由名詞，代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語充當(dāng)短語充當(dāng)。v4. 它在它在句首。句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.謂語謂語v1. 說明主語說明主語“做什麼做什麼”，“是什麼是什麼”，或或“怎麼樣怎麼樣”。v2.

3、 必須用動詞。必須用動詞。v3. 和主語在人稱，數(shù)兩個方面必須一致和主語在人稱，數(shù)兩個方面必須一致（主謂一致）。（主謂一致）。v4. 在在主語后面主語后面。 We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.表語表語v1. 說明主語說明主語“怎麼樣怎麼樣”，或，或“是什麼是什麼” 。v2. 位于位于系動詞系動詞后面。后面。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them En

4、glish. They are at home now.系動詞（必背）系動詞（必背）vbe (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是是/好象好象(似乎似乎)是是/保持保持vlook / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看看/感覺感覺/嘗嘗/聞聞/聽起來聽起來(上去上去) 感官感官動詞動詞vbecome / turn / get / grow / 變得變得 賓語賓語v1. 是動作，行為的對象。是動作，行為的對象。v2. 由名，代，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，短語由名，代，或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞，短語來擔(dān)任。來擔(dān)任。v3. 它和及物動詞一起說明主語做

5、什麼。它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什麼。v4. 在謂語在謂語之后。分為直接之后。分為直接賓語和間接賓語。賓語和間接賓語。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.及物動詞及物動詞和和不及物動詞不及物動詞v及物動詞是及物動詞是后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞: see / hear / drank / eat / vI saw him last week.vWe heard the bad news yesterd

6、ay.vThey eat bread every day.vHe drank a glass of milk just now.v不及物動詞是不及物動詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語的后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞動詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / vShe smiled happily.vThey laughed loudly. v如果要加賓語如果要加賓語,就要靠一個就要靠一個介詞介詞來幫助來幫助:vShe look at the blackboard carefully.vHe listened to his teacher in class.vThey laugh

7、ed at us after the match. 定語定語v用來用來修飾名詞或代詞修飾名詞或代詞。 The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do. 狀語狀語v1. 修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞, 。v2. 一般表示行為發(fā)生的一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方時間，地點，目的，方式，程度式，程度等意義。等意義。v3. 一般放句末，有的也可

8、放在句首，句中。一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)并列句并列句復(fù)合句復(fù)合句* *幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句; ;* *幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句 的復(fù)合句。的復(fù)合句。 簡單句的五種句型簡單句的五種句型

9、1）SV 主語謂語主語謂語eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.2) SVP 主語主語系動詞系動詞表語表語eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.3) SVO 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.簡單句的五種句型簡單句的五種句型4）SVOiOd 主語謂語主語謂語+間接賓語直接賓語間接賓語直接賓語eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a

10、 bicycle.5) SVOC 主語謂語賓語補語主語謂語賓語補語eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.* *在閱讀句子的時候，第一個任務(wù)就是要找到在閱讀句子的時候，第一個任務(wù)就是要找到謂語謂語! !* *做謂語的動詞做謂語的動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還；還有有及物動詞與不及物動詞及物動詞與不及物動詞的區(qū)別。的區(qū)別。 基本句型基本句型1 1 + （主謂）（主謂） 此句型的句子有一個共同特此句型的句子有一個共同特點，點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)即句子的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。完整的

11、意思。 這類動詞叫做這類動詞叫做不及物動詞不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。語從句等?；揪湫突揪湫? 2 + + + + （主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子句子謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，謂語動詞都不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思這類動詞叫做連系動詞這類動詞叫做連系動詞。 基本句型基本句型3 + + （主謂賓）（主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語此句型句子的共

12、同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必必須跟有一個賓語，須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及這類動詞叫做及物動詞。物動詞?；揪湫突揪湫? + +IO + （主謂間賓直賓）（主謂間賓直賓）此句型的句子有一個共同特點：此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動詞必謂語動詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。須跟有兩個賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。動作的間接承

13、受者。She lent me a book.-She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike.-He bought a new bike for me.基本句型基本句型5 + + + （主謂賓賓補）（主謂賓賓補） 此句型的句子的共同特點是：此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，一個賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。語，才能使意思完整。主謂間賓直賓主謂間賓直賓 & 主謂賓賓補主謂賓賓補 的比較的比較v賓語和賓補

14、有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；賓語和賓補有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； 雙賓語沒有。雙賓語沒有。 He made the boy laugh. He gave me a book. He calls me Tom. She bought me a pen. We sent them a telegram. 賓語和賓補賓語和賓補雙賓語雙賓語賓語和賓補賓語和賓補賓語和賓補賓語和賓補雙賓語雙賓語v1.They work hard. 主主 + 謂謂 (狀）狀）v2.The flower is dead. 主主 + 系系 + 表表v3.Plants need water. 主主 + 謂謂 + 賓賓v4.He gives m

15、e some seeds. 主主 + 謂謂 + 間賓間賓+ 直賓直賓v5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主主 + 謂謂 + 賓賓 + 賓補賓補v6.Many animals live in trees. 主主 + 謂謂 （狀）（狀）7. We must keep our classroom clean. 主主+ 謂謂+ 賓賓+ 賓補賓補8. After work he always feels a little tired. （狀）（狀） 主主+ （狀）（狀） 系系+ （定）（定） 表表9. They laughed at us after t

16、he match. 主主+ 謂謂 賓（狀）賓（狀）10. She told me a story. 主主 謂間賓直賓謂間賓直賓實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用II. Choose the best answers： _ some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. (00春季春季 ) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用 I2. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (00上海上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D

17、. hope實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I3. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (01春招春招) A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I4. _ at the door before entering, please. (01春招春招) A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (01上海）上海） A

18、. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I6. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. (03春招）春招） A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海上海) A. in

19、terested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (04上海上海) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seize

20、d; disappearing 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and co

21、mmunicate. (04上海上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用I11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. (04廣西廣西) A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用IIII. Correct the mistakes in the sentences

22、. (Each sentence has only one mistake.) My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (01全國全國)to2. He said he was busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (02北京北京)made實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用II3. Remembering not to shout at them. (02北京北京)Remember4.

23、It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (02全國全國)when5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (02全國全國) 實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用II6. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese. (03全國全國)7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (03

24、全國全國)it8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (04福建福建)實際應(yīng)用實際應(yīng)用II9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (04湖北湖北)and girls. giving lessons to lovely boys11. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (04湖北湖北)it10. At weekends, we would

25、play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. (04天津天津)swim一一. 利用考生思維定勢，通過從句對句子進行分利用考生思維定勢，通過從句對句子進行分隔。隔。1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving2. The letter I was looking forward to _

26、 at last. A. arrived B. arrive C. arriving D. have arrivedDA二二. 將句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚋袊@句，造成句子中動賓將句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚋袊@句，造成句子中動賓關(guān)系的分隔。關(guān)系的分隔。3. Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together? A. fix B. to fix C. fixing D. fixed4. What have I said _ you angry? A. made B. make C. to make D. making5. You can never im

27、agine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for findingACB三三. 相似結(jié)構(gòu)混在一起，形成對句子的分隔。相似結(jié)構(gòu)混在一起，形成對句子的分隔。6. It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there四四. 在主謂之間加入介詞短語。在主謂之間加入介詞短語。7. I think Tom, together with

28、you, _. A. be blamed B. is to blame C. are to be blamed D. are to blameAB五五. 固定搭配被其它詞隔開。固定搭配被其它詞隔開。8. We waited _ line for the bus. A. for B. in C. on D. withB六六. 添上插入語。添上插入語。9. He has written another scientific report, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C.

29、I think it is D. I think which is10. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happenedBC七七.同位語從句的中心名詞與從句被其它成分分同位語從句的中心名詞與從句被其它成分分隔隔。11. The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he will be headmaster of ou

30、r school. A. where B. in that C. that D. which 八八. 用倒裝句引起分隔現(xiàn)象。用倒裝句引起分隔現(xiàn)象。12. He found on the table next to the armchair _ two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches. A. was B. is C. are D. wereCD九九. 復(fù)合謂語被分隔。復(fù)合謂語被分隔指謂復(fù)合謂語被分隔。復(fù)合謂語被分隔指謂語部分的助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞與主要語部分的助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞與主要動詞被分隔的現(xiàn)象。例如動詞被分隔的現(xiàn)象。例如:13.

31、An awful accident _, however, occur the other day.A. does B. did C. has to D. had toB鞏固練習(xí)：鞏固練習(xí)：1. Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lessons. A. could go B. could going C. could to go D. went2. A book, as well as a pen and a magazine, _ been left in the reading room. A. have B. are C. has D. isBC3. Who did the manager _ the work? -Maybe _ of the two men. A. have do; the taller B. have done; the older C. have to do; the younger D.