動(dòng)詞分類及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)課件

1、專題專題 8動(dòng)詞分類及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分類及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)直擊1助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞 協(xié)助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的詞叫助動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞是語(yǔ)法功能詞，自身沒(méi)有詞義，不可單獨(dú)使用。1幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句句式的助動(dòng)詞有do, does, did 及 其否定形式。如： Did you go home last week? 上周你回家了嗎？2幫助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞有be, have, shall, will等。如： We are playing an interesting game. 我們正在玩一個(gè)有趣的游戲。2系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞 系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。具體

2、分類及用法如下：1狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞： 只有be動(dòng)詞。如： They are always very happy. 他們總是很高興。2持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞： 表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主 要有keep, remain, stay, rest, lie, stand。如： I hope youll keep fit. 我希望你會(huì)一直保持健康。3表象系動(dòng)詞： 表示“看起來(lái)好像”，主要有seem, appear, look等。如： My mother seems very satisfied with my progress. 媽媽對(duì)我的進(jìn)步似乎很滿意。4感官系動(dòng)詞： 表示“起來(lái)”，主要有feel(摸起來(lái)，感

3、覺(jué)), smell(聞起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)，吃起來(lái))等。 如： The dish smells delicious. 菜聞起來(lái)很香。5變化系動(dòng)詞： 表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run等。如： The small town is becoming busier and busier. 小鎮(zhèn)變得越來(lái)越忙碌。6終止系動(dòng)詞： 主要有prove, turn out(結(jié)果是，證明是)等。 如： My plan turned out a success. 我的計(jì)劃成功了。 提醒提醒有些系動(dòng)詞也是實(shí)

4、義動(dòng)詞，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。如： He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天病了。 3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有自己的詞匯意思，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)，其后須跟動(dòng)詞原形。使用頻率較高的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can(could), may(might), must, need, shall(should), will(would)及半情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have to, had better。1can和could (1)can(could)表示說(shuō)話人能、可以、同意、準(zhǔn)許，以及客 觀條件允許做某事。could為can的過(guò)去式。表示請(qǐng)求 時(shí)，could比can更委婉。如：

5、Could I borrow your pen? 我可以借你的鋼筆嗎？ (2)can 意為“能、會(huì)”時(shí)，相當(dāng)于be able to (適用于各種時(shí) 態(tài))，can只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過(guò)去時(shí)兩種時(shí)態(tài)變化。如： A few months later, Ill be able to swim alone. 幾個(gè)月后，我將能單獨(dú)游泳。 (3)cant表示否定推測(cè)。如： That cant be Mr Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那肯定不是王老師。他已經(jīng)去北京了。2may和might may和might意為“可以”，表示說(shuō)話人同意、許可或請(qǐng) 求對(duì)方許可。 may也可表示祝愿。mig

6、ht 是may 的過(guò) 去式，表示可能性更小、語(yǔ)氣更加委婉。如： May I take some photos here? 我可以在這兒拍照嗎？ May you be happy.祝你開(kāi)心。3must和have to (1)must 意為“必須，應(yīng)該，一定，準(zhǔn)是”，表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為 有必要做某事，或命令、要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的肯 定推測(cè)。如： He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作。 (2)must 和 have to 的區(qū)別： must 表示說(shuō)話人的主觀意 愿；have to 表示客觀需要。如： I must do my homework fi

7、rst. 我必須首先做家庭作業(yè)。 It is raining hard outside. I have to stay at home. 外面雨下得很大。我不得不待在家里。4need的用法 need 表示“需要，必須”。它主要用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中， 否定形式為neednt，表示“沒(méi)有必要，不必”；回答need引 導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句時(shí)，肯定回答用“must”，否定回答用 “neednt”。 此外need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用。如： Need we do some cleaning now? No, you neednt. “我們必須現(xiàn)在大掃除嗎？”“不，你們不必?！?I need to see the do

8、ctor now. 我現(xiàn)在需要看醫(yī)生。5shall 和will shall用于第一人稱的句子表示提建議或請(qǐng)求；will用于第二 人稱疑問(wèn)句表示征求意見(jiàn)或提建議。如： Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎？ Will you go shopping with us? 你會(huì)和我們一起去購(gòu)物嗎？ 6should和would should用于各種人稱的句子中，強(qiáng)調(diào)義務(wù)或責(zé)任；would是 will的過(guò)去式，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，可用于多 種人稱，表示意愿。如： You should study harder. 你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。 He said he wo

9、uld visit the Great Wall the next year. 他說(shuō)他第三年將游覽長(zhǎng)城。7had better had better意為“最好”，沒(méi)有人稱的變化，后接不帶to的不 定式。如： You had better exercise more. 你最好多鍛煉。4動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語(yǔ)叫動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)主要有四類：1動(dòng)詞副詞： 常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ive up, think over, take off, write down, put off等。這些詞組的賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，既可放在副 詞前邊，又可放在副詞后邊；賓語(yǔ)是人稱代詞或反身代詞 時(shí)，則要放在動(dòng)詞和副

10、詞中間。如： They have decided to put off the meeting. They have decided to put the meeting off. 他們已經(jīng)決定推遲會(huì)議了。 Smoking is bad for your health. You must give it up. 吸煙對(duì)你的健康有害。你必須戒掉它。2動(dòng)詞介詞： 常見(jiàn)的有ask for, care about, look for, look after, send for, laugh at, hear of (from)等。如： We shouldnt laugh at others. 我們不應(yīng)

11、該嘲笑別人。3動(dòng)詞副詞介詞： 常見(jiàn)的有l(wèi)ook down upon, get on with, catch up with等。如： If you study hard, youll catch up with your classmates. 如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)， 你將能趕上你的同班同學(xué)。4動(dòng)詞名詞介詞： 常見(jiàn)的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。如： Please pay more attention to details. 請(qǐng)多注意細(xì)節(jié)?？键c(diǎn)過(guò)關(guān) 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) ()1. The cloth _very so

12、ft and comfortable. A. smells B. tastes C. feels D. sounds()2. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order what_ nice. A. feels B. smells C. looks D. tastesC C()3. Dick，_ I use your e-dictionary? Yes, please._ you give it to Mike after you use it? A. will; Would B. may; Might C. can

13、; Could D. shall; Should()4. I think her dress comes from the 1970s. It _ be from that time. It looks so modern on her. A. mustnt Bcant C. wont DwouldntC B ()5. Must I do my homework now, Mum? _. You can do it tomorrow. A. No, you neednt B. No, you mustnt C. Yes, you need D. Yes, you must()6. Rock m

14、usic may _ nice to young people, but most old people cant stand it. A. hear B. sound C. look D. listenA B 解析解析根據(jù)上句“媽媽，我現(xiàn)在必須做作業(yè)嗎？”及答句“_你可以明天做?！蓖茢嗍欠穸ù鹁?，排除C、D項(xiàng)； must的否定回答有三種：dont have to, neednt和mustnt。neednt和dont have to均意為“不必”；mustnt意為“千萬(wàn)不能；禁止”。故選A。()7. Dont forget to take your bag when you _ the bus

15、. A. get off B. take off C. turn off D. put off()8. Her sister_ a taxi driver. Now she works for a charity. A. is used to be B. were used to being C. is used to being Dused to beA D 解析解析 get off意為“下(車)”； take off意為“脫下”；turn off意為“關(guān)上”；put off意為“推遲”。句意：當(dāng)你下車時(shí)不要忘記帶上你的包。故選A。()9. What do you think of my s

16、hirt? It _ cotton. It looks nice on you. A. is made in B. is made for C. is made of D. is made by()10. Allen, your bedroom is in a mess. Sorry, Mum. Ill _my things at once. A. put on B. put away C. put out D. put upC B解析解析 put on意為“穿上”；put away意為“收起來(lái)”；put out意為“熄滅”；put up意為“張貼，搭建”。 中考透視中考透視 ()1. 201

17、3宿遷宿遷 Were you sick after six hours journey on the coach? Of course. I _ quickly as soon as it stopped. A. got up B. got on C. got off D. got to()2. 2013徐州徐州 If you _ your name on the paper, you can get a magazine. A. cut down B. look down C. turn down D. write downC D ()3. 2013徐州徐州 Can I borrow you

18、r ruler，please? Yes, you_. But you must return it to me before lunchtime. A. have B. can C. must D. used to()4. 2013宿遷宿遷 The cake_ delicious. I cant wait to eat it. A. feels B. sounds C. becomes D. smells()5. 2013菏澤菏澤 Can we run across the road now? No, we_. We have to wait until the light turns gre

19、en. A. neednt B. mustnt Ccouldnt D. shouldntBDB()6. 2013麗水麗水 How many English words do you think I should know? As many as you _. Then you will find reading quite easy. A. will B. must C. can Dmight()7. 2013泰安泰安 May I smoke here? No, you_. This is a no-smoking room. A. neednt B. mustnt C. couldnt D.

20、 wouldnt CB()8. 2013青島青島 There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better_ that you get one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plansC解析解析 make sure of意為“確定，確?！?，后面一般跟名詞或者動(dòng)名詞詞組； make sure意為“確保，務(wù)必”，可以跟從句； make a decision意為“做決定”； make plans意為“做計(jì)劃”。句意：這場(chǎng)音樂(lè)會(huì)剩下的票不多了，你最

21、好確保今天能訂到一張票。所以選C。 ()1. The food here smells good, but what does it _ like? Ataste Btouch Cseem Dfeel()2. Mum, when can I go out to play football? Finish your homework first, or I _let you go out. Adont Bdidnt Cwont DhaventA 語(yǔ)法專練 C ()3. The sense of happiness will increase if you _ what you like to d

22、o. Ado Bdid Cwill do Dshould do()4. Spring is a beautiful season when all trees _ green. Aturn Bsound Cfeel DbecomeAA解析解析 if 意為“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則，即主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此選A。 ()5. Its cold outside. Why not _ your coat? Aput on Btake off Clook for D. put off ()6. The young man broke his arm in the ac

23、cident and had to _ his job. Agive up Bput up Ccut up D. pick up()7. What do you think about Hans? He is very difficult to _ with, but certainly he has a warm heart under cool appearance (外表) Aget on Bget in Cget off D. get outAA A ()8. 2013濟(jì)南濟(jì)南 Could I_ your iPad, Alice? Of course. Here you are. Al

24、end Bkeep Cborrow Dreturn()9. Could you please help me _ the TV? I want to watch the CCTV News. Aturn down Bturn on Cturn off Dturn up()10. What are you going to do during your vacation? Im not sure.I have no time to _ it at the moment. Aworry about Bthink about Cget over Dcome overC B B ()11. This

25、book _educating teenagers. Would you like to buy it? Yes, Ill take it. Aaims at Btakes place Cgives out Dsets up()12. Please _ these books, Jodie. I want to use the desk to do my homework. Atake away Bgive away Cgo away Dkeep awayA A ()13. Im not sure how to pronounce this word. Youd better _ its ri

26、ght pronunciation in the dictionary. Alook after Blook down Clook up Dlook out()14. Bill doesnt like the sunglasses in the ad because they cant _ the sun well. Atake out Bkeep out Cclean out Dlook outCB ()15. He _ some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. Amade out Bpicked up Cgave

27、up Dtook in()16. Four dollars a pair? I think its a bit too much. If you buy three pairs, the price for each will _ to three fifty. Acome down Btake down Cturn over Dgo overBA()17. The sweater is very nice. Ill take it. But youd better _ first. I think it is a little large for you. Apay for it Bput

28、it on Cput it off Dtry it on()18. Jack has never visited the Forbidden City, but he has _ it. Astood for Bbelonged to Cheard about Dkept toD 解析解析 pay for意為“付款”； put on意為“穿上”； put off意為“推遲”； try on意為“試穿”。由答語(yǔ)“我認(rèn)為你穿有點(diǎn)大。”可知應(yīng)選D。C ()19. 2013臺(tái)州臺(tái)州 Would you mind _ the music a little? Dont you think its too

29、loud? Sorry! Ill do it in a minute. Aturning on Bturning off Cturning up Dturning down()20. Im not sure whether I can hold a party in the open air, because it _ the weather. Astands for Bdepends on Clives on Dagrees withDB()21. _， you guys! You dont want to miss the train, do you? ALook up BGive up

30、CHurry up DGrow up()22. Its said that aliens tried to warn the astronauts on the moon to _ . Maybe they didnt like human beings to get close to them. Astay up Bstay out Cstay away Dstay behindC C 解析解析 look up意為“查詢”；give up意為“放棄”；hurry up意為“快點(diǎn)”；grow up意為“長(zhǎng)大”。由后半句“你們不想錯(cuò)過(guò)火車?！笨芍亲屗麄兛禳c(diǎn)。 ()23. Mary heard

31、somebody call her, so she turned _ to see who it was. Aoff Bout Cup Daround()24. Han Han is a popular writer. His new book will _ this September. Acome up Bcome in Ccome out Dcome on()25. 2013瀘州瀘州 Can you help me to _ my dog when I leave for Hong Kong? Alook after Blook for Clook at Dlook throughD C

32、A()26. All the oil in the world will _ some day. Yeah. What shall we use for power at that time? Agiven away Bput away Crun out Dset out()27. 2013黃石黃石 Many students in our school _ the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses. Aworry about Bcare for Cagree with Dtake careC B()28. Coul

33、d I _ your digital camera again? No problem. But I think youd better go to the store to buy _ since you often go traveling. Alend; one Blend; it Cborrow; one Dborrow; it ()29. Will the hotel _ free breakfast _ the guests? Aprovide; with Bprovide; to Coffer; with Doffer; to C D ()30. How is peoples l

34、ife in the earthquake areas? They are living a much better life than we _. Asuggested Bexpected Cnoticed Dsupported()31. Sorry! I have to go back at once because I have _ my homework in my bedroom. Aforgotten Bfetched Cleft Dtaken()32. Taiwan is part of China. We _ the same history and culture. Aexp

35、lain Bexpress Cconnect DshareBCD()33. 2013聊城聊城 If you want to buy this dress, youd better _ first to make sure it fits you. Apay for it Btake it off Ctidy it up Dtry it on()34. My uncle _ be tired. He has been running for a long time. But my aunt _ be tired. She has just begun to run. Amay not; must

36、 Bmust; cant Ccant; must Dmust; may notD B解析解析 must表推測(cè)時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)烈，意為“肯定、一定”；cant表示否定的推測(cè)，意為“一定不(是)”。 ()35. _ you sing English songs when you were 5 years old? ACan BNeed CCould DMay()36. His brother _ play computer games because it doesnt work. Amay not Bcant Cmustnt Dneednt()37. 2013黃岡黃岡 How heavily it

37、is raining! What a pity! We have to _ our sports meeting. Aput off Bput out Cput on Dput upCBA()38. _ I take some photos here? No, you _ AMay; mustnt BMust; mustnt CMay; neednt DCould; wont()39. I _ stop playing computer games because of my poor eyesight. Amust Bcant Chave to DmustntAC解析解析用may提問(wèn)時(shí)，否定

38、回答用mustnt。 ()40. 2013呼和浩特呼和浩特 When you visit a museum you should _ the instructions and dont be against them. Acompare with Blook forward to Cpay attention to Dtry out()41. Look! How hard the snow is! Youd better _ Astay here when it stops Bnot leave until it stops Cnot to leave at once Ddont go home nowC解析解析 had better not do sth意為“最好不要做某事”。 B()42. 2013鞍山鞍山 She hurriedly _ the child and took him down