專四語(yǔ)法(高考英語(yǔ))：虛擬語(yǔ)氣

1、 語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣與現(xiàn)在相反與現(xiàn)在相反if條件句條件句實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞過(guò)去過(guò)去式式bewere主句主句would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去相反與過(guò)去相反had+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞would/should/could/might+havedone與將來(lái)相反與將來(lái)相反wereto+動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形should+動(dòng)詞原動(dòng)詞原形形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形 1.Jeandoesntwanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe_ajob,sheprobablywoul

2、dntbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.(96.1)A.hastogetB.weretogetC.hadgotD.couldhavegotB 7.IfIhadntstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_now.(99.1) A.wouldntbesmiling B.couldnthavesmiled C.wontsmile D.didntsmileA 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬句如果條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的如果條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，那么要根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)

3、整動(dòng)時(shí)間不一致，那么要根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整動(dòng)詞的形式詞的形式。eg.Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnothavebeeninsuchtroublenow.如果他過(guò)去聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在他就不會(huì)陷入這如果他過(guò)去聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在他就不會(huì)陷入這樣的麻煩。樣的麻煩。Ifthecriminalwerehonest,hedhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago. 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】省略省略if的虛擬句的虛擬句在在If引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分含有分含有were,had,should，可省略，可省略if,

4、這時(shí)需這時(shí)需將助動(dòng)詞將助動(dòng)詞were,had,should,提到句首，變成提到句首，變成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也可以提到句首而倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也可以提到句首而省略省略if。如：。如：-WereIyou,Iwouldntdolikethat.-Haduaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldu.-Shoulditbenecessary,Iwouldgo. 2.Ifthewholeoperation_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(99.6) A.wasnotplannedB.hasnotbeenplanne

5、d C.hadnotbeenplannedD.werenotplanned 3._formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthima helpinghand.(95.1) A.NotbeingB.Haditnotbeen C.WithoutbeingD.NothavingbeenCB 4._beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.(97.1)A.HadtheyarrivedB.Wouldtheyarrive C.WeretheyarrivingD.WeretheytoarriveD 【語(yǔ)

6、法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】不使用不使用if的含蓄虛擬句的含蓄虛擬句此類句子的特點(diǎn)是雖然不使用此類句子的特點(diǎn)是雖然不使用if，但有相，但有相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于if的短語(yǔ)，最常用的形式包括由的短語(yǔ)，最常用的形式包括由butfor,without構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)或構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)或otherwise,or,orelse,and單獨(dú)使用。如：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用。如：-Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkearlier.(如果沒(méi)有你幫忙，我們不可能早點(diǎn)兒把這活干完。如果沒(méi)有你幫忙，我們不可能早點(diǎn)兒把這活干完。)-Fiveminutesearlier,andyouwouldhavese

7、enhim.(如果如果早來(lái)五分鐘，你就能見(jiàn)到他了。早來(lái)五分鐘，你就能見(jiàn)到他了。)-Butforhishelp,Iwould/shouldfail. Another effort, and you will/ would have succeeded. Put on more clothes, or u would have caught cold. 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】不使用不使用if的含蓄虛擬句的含蓄虛擬句if的同義詞還有：的同義詞還有：除非除非unless;假定假定/如果如果provided,providing(that),supposing/suppose(that),Giventhat

8、,Assuming(that);如果如果onlyif,只要只要so(as)longas;以以為條件為條件onconditionthat;-Imighthavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions.-Intheabsenceofkeeper,thewarehousewouldhavebeenburneddown.-Incaseof,intheeventof. 5Wedidntknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe_him.(95.6) A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephoned C.wo

9、uldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned 6.Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_then.(90.1) A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehere C.shouldbehere D.wouldbehereAA 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】wish/ifonly虛擬句虛擬句 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，動(dòng)詞變成一般過(guò)去式與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，動(dòng)詞變成一般過(guò)去式(be用用were)didIwishIknewGerman.IwishIwereabird. 與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)或與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)或could/might/would+havedone

10、 IwishIhadgonewithyoutothepartyyesterday. IwishIcouldhavecaughtthelastbus. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，用與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，用could/would/might+do IwishIcouldwalkonthemoononeday. 以上各句中以上各句中Iwish都可以換成都可以換成ifonly,動(dòng)詞變化形動(dòng)詞變化形式與式與“Iwish”相同。相同。 “ifonly”從句只用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而且其主句一般都省從句只用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而且其主句一般都省略，并以感嘆句的形式出現(xiàn)，表示略，并以感嘆句的形式出現(xiàn)，表示“要是要是就好就好了了!”謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去

11、時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反的事實(shí)相反,用用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反. LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice! IfonlyIhadmoney,Icouldtravelaroundtheworld! 8.IwishI_longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(95.6) A.couldhavesleptB.slept C.mighthavesleptD.haveslept 9.SometimesIwishI

12、_inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.(2000.1) A.belivingB.wereliving C.wouldliveD.wouldhavelivedAB 10.Ifonlythecommittee_theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.(97.1) A.approveB.willapprove C.canapproveD.wouldapprove 11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI_youradvice.(93.6) A.followB.h

13、adfollowed C.wouldfollowD.havefollowedDB 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句后的賓語(yǔ)從句 用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示“寧愿某人現(xiàn)在做（或?qū)幵改橙爽F(xiàn)在做（或不做）某事，但如表示不做）某事，但如表示“寧愿某人過(guò)去做寧愿某人過(guò)去做（或沒(méi)做）某事時(shí)，（或沒(méi)做）某事時(shí)，wouldrather后則用后則用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如：過(guò)去完成時(shí)，如： Idratherhehadntdonethatyesterday. wouldrather也可換成也可換成wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon,用法不變。用法不變。 Itistime+從句

14、從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）（一般過(guò)去時(shí)） 12.Tobefrank,Idratheryou_inthecase.(95.1)A.willnotbeinvolvedB.notinvolvedC.nottobeinvolvedD.werenotinvolved 13.Franklyspeaking,Idratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.(99.1) A.didntdoB.haventdone C.dontdoD.havedoneDA 14.“Youareveryselfish.Itshightimeyou_thatyouarenotthemostimport

15、antpersoninthewould,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily(99.1)A.realizedB.haverealized C.realizeD.shouldrealize 15.Itsalready5oclocknow.Dontyouthinkitsabouttime_?(99.6) A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohome C.wewenthomeD.wecangohomeAC 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】表示表示“要求，建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、要求，建議、命令、請(qǐng)求、安排、欲望、想法安排、欲望、想法”等意義的動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句中等意義的動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句中用用shou

16、ld+動(dòng)詞原形，動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。常見(jiàn)的可省略。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：這類動(dòng)詞有：要求：要求：argue,ask,agree,demand,determine,insist,desire,require,request,maintain,beg,decree,plead,prefer,pray建議：建議：propose,suggest,advise,recommend,move（主張），（主張），urge命令：命令：command,order,direct,prescribe（命令，（命令，指示）指示）,resolve（決意）（決意）,rule（裁決）（裁決）,stipulate（規(guī)定

17、）（規(guī)定）.安排：安排：arrange,decide. 16.Wedesirethatthetourleader_usimmediatelyofanychangeinplans.(93.6) A.informB.informs C . i n f o r m e dD . h a sinformed 17.Ascommanderinchiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures_forourdefense.(99.6) A.hadbeentakenB.wouldbetaken C.betakenD.tobetakenAC 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)

18、】表示表示“建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、命令建議、請(qǐng)求、要求、命令”意義的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在意義的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)在itis+v-ed結(jié)構(gòu)中，或出現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)中，或出現(xiàn)在同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，其后仍然接在同位語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)，其后仍然接（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞原形。IthasbeenintendedthatIshouldgotooneofthegreatestuniversities.打算讓我上一所打算讓我上一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。重點(diǎn)大學(xué)。 18.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade. (95.6) A.isnotstart

19、edB.willnotbestarted C.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted 19.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion_.(98.6) A.beputoffB.wasputoff C.shouldputoff D.istoputoffCA【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】Itis+形容詞形容詞+that+(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu) 常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞有：常見(jiàn)的這類形容詞有： necessary,strange,natural,advisable(明明智的智的,合理的合理的),desirable（理想的）（理想的）,pr

20、eferable（更可取的）（更可取的）,imperative（迫切的（迫切的)important,essential,incredible,essential,natural,anxious,appropriate,better,insistent,obligatory,urgent,unthinkable【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat(should) 20.Itisessentialthattheapplicationforms_backbeforethedeadline.(90.1) A.mustbesentB.wouldbesent C.

21、besentD.weresent 21.IdontthinkitadvisablethatTom_tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(97.6) A.isassignedB.willbeassigned C.beassignedD.hadbeenassignedCC 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】incase,lest,fortearthat引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的狀語(yǔ)從句 此類句子的形式為此類句子的形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形。如動(dòng)詞原形。如: Shetookherraincoatwithherincaseitshouldrain. Heputhisovercoatoverth

22、eboyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold 22.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_himself.(98.1) A.injureB.hadinjured C.injuredD.wouldinjure 23.Hewaspunished_heshouldmakethesamemistakeagain.(2001.6) A.unlessB.lestC.ifD.providedAB 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】“so that”和和“in order that”從句引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣She stayed at home f

23、or a few days so that she might have more time to study.She researched carefully in order that she might discover a cure for cancer.5. “l(fā)est”等連接詞引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等連接詞引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣“l(fā)est, in case, for fear that, provided (that), on condition that”等連接詞引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣等連接詞引起的虛擬語(yǔ)氣He hurried on lest she (should) meet him again.He is working hard for fear that he should/might/may fail.Take this umbrella in case it (should) rain. 【語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)】 whether類虛擬語(yǔ)氣類虛擬語(yǔ)氣由連詞由連詞whether(不管不管,無(wú)論無(wú)論,盡管盡管)所引出的狀語(yǔ)從句所引出的狀語(yǔ)從句,常用于常用于正式語(yǔ)中正式語(yǔ)中,其謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣