初中定語從句基礎(chǔ)講解-興義九中徐敏

1、 什么是定語從句呢？什么是定語從句呢？修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句修飾前面某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。叫定語從句。結(jié)構(gòu)：結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞先行詞 + 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 + 句子句子 The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行詞先行詞_ 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞_ 定語從句定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: that, which, who, whom, whose關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why人人 (n.) + who /that+ 從句從句 物物 (n.) + that / which+ 從句從句 關(guān)系代詞的作用：關(guān)系代詞的作用：

2、a. 做代詞，代替先行詞做代詞，代替先行詞 b. 在從句中擔任句子成分：主語或賓語在從句中擔任句子成分：主語或賓語 c. 做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞: : 1. who指人指人,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2. whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如介詞提如介詞提前則不能省前則不能省) The man (whom/w

3、ho) I nodded to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3. which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省作賓語可省 略略, 如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder （which） he is using ismade in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library

4、 from which you borrowbooks? 4. that 指人指人/物，作主語或賓語物，作主語或賓語 (作賓語可省略）作賓語可省略）A plane is a machine. It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man. I told you about him.He is the man (that) I told you about.I have an apple.An apple is red.I have an apple that is red.修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 an apple 主語主語主

5、語主語關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞that在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。I have some friends. Some friends like sports.I have some friendswho like sports. 修飾先行詞修飾先行詞 friends 主語主語主語主語/ that關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞who /that 在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。在定語從句中作主語時不能省掉。I like the music.I can dance to the music.I like the musicthat I can dance to .賓語賓語賓語賓語關(guān)系詞在定語從句中

6、作賓語時可以省掉。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省掉。I like the girl.You are talking to the girl. I like the girl who(m) you are talking to .賓語賓語賓語賓語/that關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞who /that在定語從句中作賓語時可以省掉。在定語從句中作賓語時可以省掉。歸納：that,即指人又指物，作主語或賓語。 which,指物，作主語或賓語。 who, whom指人,who作主語或賓語,whom作賓語。關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作賓語時，可省去。1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) Th

7、e car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.which/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhom/that/ who任務任務I. 閱讀下列句子，再用閱讀下列句子，再用who/that 填空。填空。1.I have a brother _ likes soccer.2.Tom doesnt like movies _

8、are too long and too scary.3. We prefer groups _ play loud and energetic songs.4. He likes friends _ often help each other.who/thatthatthatwho/that任務II. 請將下列題中的兩個句子合并成一個句子。1I like music. The music is loud and exciting._.2. She loves movies. The movies are romantic. _.3. Tony likes music. He can danc

9、e to the music._.I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Tony likes music that he can dance to.Match the two sentences1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese._ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking._4.Wher

10、e is the picture? You bought it last week._ Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I dont like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?whose 作定語作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系。表示所屬關(guān)系。 The boy is my classmate. The boys father is a police

11、man.The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤兒孤兒).A. who B. whose C. whos D. whichLook at the girl _name is Lucy. A. who B. that C. whos D. whose whenwhen在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“介詞介詞+ + 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day

12、 Ill never forget the day whenwhen I joined the army I joined the armyon whichwherewhere在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“介詞介詞+ + 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。This is the house This is the house wherewhere I lived two years ago. I lived two years ago.in which=關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞whywhy在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞介詞

13、for+ for+ 關(guān)系代詞（關(guān)系代詞（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason Do you know the reason whywhy she was late. she was late.for which=1. I still remember the day _ we spent inthe forest.2. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing.3. Ill never forget the year _ I came to this school. 4. The factory _ we will visit is large.5. The factory _ his father works is large.6. This is the house _ we lived last year.7.This is the house _we lived in last year.