大學(xué)英語四級(jí)復(fù)習(xí)

1、Dictation1.excess 2.expenditure 3.individual 4.grant 5.acknowledge 6.calendar 7.optimistic 8.impose 9.interfere 10.racial 11.range12.isolate13.adequate14.Adhere15.consistent16.Explode17.Exploit18.remote19.precaution20.resolve21.bargain22.advertisement23.encounter24.significance25.virtue詞匯拓展詞匯拓展exces

2、s：n.過分，過量 in excess of 超過excessive：adj.過多的 excessive competition 過度競(jìng)爭(zhēng)excessively：adv.過分地，極度地 be interested in ：對(duì).著迷 expel: v.驅(qū)逐，開除 expelledexpel from / be expelled fromexpend：v.消費(fèi)expenditure：n.expense: n.正式用語，多用于政府，國(guó)防開支普通用語government daily expensive：adj.昂貴的at the expense (of).以.為代價(jià)expand: v.擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)張，膨脹

3、expansion: n. market 市場(chǎng)擴(kuò)張 demand 需求膨脹private: adj.私人的，個(gè)人的 in private 私下地；秘密地 property 私有財(cái)產(chǎn) life 私生活 enterprise 私營(yíng)企業(yè)individual：adj.個(gè)別的，單獨(dú)的 n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體individually：adv.individualism：n.個(gè)人主義，利己主義 individualist：n.個(gè)人主義者，利己主義者individuality：n.個(gè)性，個(gè)人特征personal：adj.個(gè)人的，親自的 information 個(gè)人信息 safety 人身安全 personally:

4、adv. personally speaking 就我個(gè)人來說personality：n.個(gè)性，品格personnel：n.總稱人員，員工，人事部 manager 人事部經(jīng)理human/personnel resources department 人力資源部grant：v.授予，同意，準(zhǔn)予n. 補(bǔ)助金 E.g：Theyd got a special grant to encourage research. 他們已得到了一筆用來支持研究的特別補(bǔ)助金。take （it）for granted：認(rèn)為.理所當(dāng)然acknowledge：v.承認(rèn)，致謝acknowledgement：n.it is ack

5、nowledged that.calculate：v.計(jì)算，核算calculation：n.calculator: n.計(jì)算器calculate on 指望，期待racial：adj.人種的，種族的 discrimination 種族歧視 conflict 種族沖突 equality 種族平等range：n.幅度，范圍 v.(在某范圍內(nèi)）變動(dòng)a range of : 一系列in the range of : 在.范圍內(nèi)range from（.to）consistent：adj.一致的，始終如一的be with: 與.一致，符合 policy：一貫的政策precaution：n.預(yù)防，防備，警惕

6、take against：采取措施防范safety ：安全預(yù)防措施bargain：n.便宜貨，v.討價(jià)還價(jià)bargain with：與.討價(jià)還價(jià) price：廉價(jià)in the bargain：此外good bargain：便宜貨globe：n.地球，世界，地球儀global：adj.全球的，總的 economy 全球經(jīng)濟(jì) warming 全球變暖globalization： 全球化virtue：n.美德，優(yōu)點(diǎn)by virtue of：由于，憑借virtue and vice ：善與惡have the virtue of：具有.優(yōu)點(diǎn)47.N48.L49.H50.B51.A52.J53.F54.O

7、55.E56.G選詞填空答案選詞填空答案定語從句概念：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。E.g： 1) The man who lives next to us is a fool. 2) You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan. 上面兩句中的the man和the house是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who (賓格whom, 所有格whose) 和關(guān)系副詞where, when, why。關(guān)系詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連接作

8、用，同時(shí)還做定語從句的一個(gè)成分。that & which以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞用that，不用which：a）不定代詞，如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞 There is nothing that I can do. I mean the one that was bought yesterday. b）先行詞有the only, the very, the same, the last修飾 This is the very book that I want to find. The last place th

9、at I visited was the hospital. c）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí) This is the first composition that he has written in English. d）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. e）定語從句內(nèi)容為解釋名詞的性質(zhì)、概念時(shí) A plane is a machine that can fly.不用that，用which的情況a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)which The tree, which is f

10、our hundred years old, is very famous here. b）介詞后用which We depend on the land from which we get our food. 關(guān)系副詞1）先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)（country, school, room），而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語，一般用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是which前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。 Beijing is the place in which (=where) I was born. He wants to fi

11、nd the place in which (=where) he lived forty years ago. 2）先行詞是表示時(shí)間名詞時(shí)（year, month, day, night），而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語 從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語，一般用when引導(dǎo)定語從句。也可以用介詞+which的結(jié)構(gòu)。值得注意的是when前的介詞選擇是根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系而定。 His father died that year in which (=when) he was born. I cannot forget the first day on which (=when) my family move

12、d into the city. 3）先行詞是the reason，而關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，一般用why引導(dǎo)定語從句。也可以用for + which的結(jié)構(gòu)。 Is this the reason for which (why) he refused our offer? 關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。 注：但是這里要指出的是，如果介詞和Which搭配在一起并不表示以上三種意思，則我們只能保留介詞+Which的形式。如 I know English in which I wrote the love letter. as & which兩者均

13、可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有時(shí)可以互換，但下列情況多用as。1. 關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句居句首時(shí)。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.2. 當(dāng)與such或the same連用時(shí)，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as you.3. 當(dāng)從句和主句語義一致時(shí)，用as，反之則用which。 e.g. She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which wa

14、s unexpected.4. as在從句中作主語時(shí)，后面常接行為動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，如be known，be said，be reported等，如從句中行為動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)語態(tài)，一般要用which作主語。 e.g. She has been late again, as was expected. Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.定語從句的省略(1) 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句賓語關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句賓語 我們前面說到連接詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，有可能是主語、有可能是賓語，我相信大家肯定還記得，這里我們要告訴大家，當(dāng)這些連接詞充當(dāng)?shù)氖琴e語時(shí)，可

15、以省略。例如： 1. The book (that/which) we bought last year is now very popular. 2. We can see the boys (who/whom/that) the teacher is talking with are quite happy. 上述第一句的book是先行詞，作后面的定語從句中bought的賓語，故引導(dǎo)詞that/which可以省略，第二句的先行詞students作with的賓語，故引導(dǎo)詞who/that/whom也都可以省略 (2) 關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句主語關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句主語 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)從句主語時(shí)，也可以

16、省略，但是省略后的從句要發(fā)生形式的變化，原從句若為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)要變成分詞ing形式，原從句若為被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面的動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)直接為過去動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在英語語法中稱為分詞作定語。 The novel which was given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy. The novel given by the professor mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy. The novel which mainly discusses the development of Chinese economy was given by the professor. The novel mainly discussing the development of Chinese economy was given b