中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)三

1、中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)三：動詞考點講解和訓(xùn)練1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時、現(xiàn)在完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去完成時和過去將來時。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 時間狀語： every, sometimes,at, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實。 The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east o

2、f China.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。 I dont want so much.5) 某些動詞如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arrive, be, finish, continue, start 等，在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表示將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。 The train comes at 3 oclock. 6) 在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。 Ill he

3、lp you as soon as you have problem. Tell Xiao Li about it if you meet him. （2）一般過去時的用法： 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動作時間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。 I worked in that factory last year. 【注意】1) 過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，也可用used to或would加動詞原形來表達(dá)，例如： I

4、 used to go fishing on Sundays. 2) “used to”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如： This river used to be clean.（3）一般將來時的用法1）表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如： I shall attend the meeting tomorrow. 2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：He will go to see his mother every Saturdays. 3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾， 命令等時常用will，征求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall。 I will do my best to

5、 catch up with them. Shall I open the door? 4）be + going + 動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型，表示打算，計劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈隆?I am going to Beijing next week. 5）be + 動詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。 There is to be a meeting this afternoon. We are to meet the guests at the station. 6）be about + 動詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。 They are about to leave.

6、（4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法 1) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的用法表示說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動作， 它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動作，而不管動作從什么時間開始，到什么時間結(jié)束。 What are you doing now? I am looking for my key. 2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（但說話時這個動作不一定在進(jìn)行）。 The students are preparing for the examination. 3) 某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示即將發(fā)生的動作，這些動詞有 arrive, come, leave, start等。 They are going to Hong

7、 Kong tomorrow. 【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)表示狀態(tài)的動詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動詞，如：be, have表示認(rèn)識、知覺和情感的動詞，如：know, think, hear, find, see, like, want, wish, prefer等。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時的用法 1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動作。 I have bought a ten-speed bicycle. They have cleaned the classroom. 2) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時常與for 和 since

8、 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。 We have lived here since 1976. They have waited for more than two hours. 【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較：I saw this film yesterday.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過去進(jìn)行時的用法 表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行

9、的狀態(tài)或動作。例如：I was watching TV when she came to see me. 【注意】過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進(jìn)行時側(cè)重表示過去某一時刻正在進(jìn)行的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時則表示單純的過去事實，例如：They were building a house last month. （上個月正在建造，建造好與否不知）They built a new house last month. （上個月建造好了，動作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時的用法 過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成的動作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時常和 by

10、, before 等詞組成的短語和從句連用。 We had already learned two thousands words by the end of last year. When we arrived at the station, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. （8）過去將來時的用法過去將來時表示從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中。例如：They were going to have a meeting.I told him that I would see him off

11、at the station.2.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。（1）被動語態(tài)1) 被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是： be +及物動詞過去分詞 2) 被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞因為被動句中的主語是動作的承受者，某些短語動詞如look after, think of, take care of, work out, laugh at等，也可用于被動語態(tài)。The children were taken good care of by her. 【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可遺漏。3) 主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z

12、態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加to。此類動詞為感官動詞，如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch等。例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).3.非謂語動詞對非謂語動詞的考點是：感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法；一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語

13、時不帶to，但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to；有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。（1）非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式，而不是作謂語的動詞形式。 動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞，分詞，動詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補足語Father will not allow us to play on the street.（3）不定式作目的狀語He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如：see, hear, look,

14、 notice, observe, feel等，使役動詞如：have, make, leave, keep, get等。接不定式表示動作的完整性，真實性；+doing 表示動作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)我看見了這個事實) I saw him working in the garden yesterday.（強調(diào)我見他正干活這個動作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。（5）用不帶to不定式的情況使役動詞如： let, have, make等和感官動詞如： see, watch, hear, lis

15、ten to, smell, feel, find 等后作賓補，省略to。在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。（6）接動名詞與不定式意義不同1) stop to do停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。 stop doing停止做某事。2) forget to do忘記要去做某事。(未做) forget doing忘記做過某事。(已做)3) remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做) remember doing記得做過某事 (已做)4) try to do努力，企圖做某事。 try doing 試驗，試著做某事。5) go on to do做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。go on doing

16、繼續(xù)做原來做的事。 6) mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味著4. 容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1) say, speak, talk, tell的用法。1) say表示講話，作為及物動詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。He said he would go there.Its time to leave. We have to say goodbye to you.2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動詞使用，而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。Do you speak English?May I speak to Mr Pope, please?3) talk表示

17、“談話”，是不及物動詞，與to , about, with等連用，才可以接賓語。What are you talking about?Mr Jackson is talking with my father in the office now.4) tell 表示“告訴，講述”是及物動詞，可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。She told us an interesting story yesterday.My teacher told me that we would have an English exam the next month.(2) look, see, watch和watch的用法。1

18、) look強調(diào)“看”這個動作，是不及物動詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語。Look! The girl is swimming in the lake.Look at the picture carefully. Can you find something unusual?2) see 指“看見”某物，強調(diào)的是結(jié)果。They cant see the words on the blackboard.Does Lily often go to see a film on Sunday?3) watch 指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。The twins are watching TV now.He

19、 will go to watch a volleyball match.4） read指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。Dont read in the sun.I like to read newspapers when I am free.(3) borrow, lend和keep的區(qū)別。1) borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Meimei borrowed a book from the library just now.May I borrow your dictionary?2) lend 是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同b

20、orrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動作。Uncle Wany has lent his car to Mr Li.Could you lend us your radio, please?3) keep是“保存”的意思，動作可以延續(xù)。How long can the recorder be kept?The farmer kept the pat for two weeks.(4) bring, take, carry 和get的用法。1) bring意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bring me the book, please.May I bri

21、ng Jim to see you next Saturday?2) take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.Mother took the little girl to the next room.3) carry 是“帶著、搬運、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來去的方向。Do you always carry a handbag?The box is heavy. Can you carry it?4) get是去某處將某物拿回

22、來。Please go to my office to get some chalk.There is no water in the bottle. Why not get some?(5) wear, put on和dress的區(qū)別1) wear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tom always wears black shoes.He wears a raincoat even when it is fine.She doesnt like to wear a red flowers in her hair.2) put

23、on是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。Its cold. Youd better put on your coat.He put on his hat and went out of the room.3) dress可以作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動詞用時，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。dress sb. （給某人穿衣服），而wear作“穿著”用時，也是及物動詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即wear sth.（穿著衣物）。She always dresses well.Get

24、 up and dress quickly.Mary is dressing her child.(6) take, spend 和use的用法。1) take指做某事用多少時間，句型是：It takes/took/ will take + sb. +some time + to do sth.It took me three days to finish the work.It will take you a while week to travel thought the forest.It takes only one hour to fly to Shanghai.2) spend指某

25、人在某事（物）上花費時間或錢。句型是：Someone spends + money/time + on something(in) doing sth.She spent more than 500 yuan on that coat.He didnt spend much time on his lessons.He spent much time (in) correcting students exercises.Mother spent her evenings (in) washing clothes.3) use表示使用工具、手段等。Do you know how to use t

26、he computer?Shall we use your car?(7)reach, get 和arrive的區(qū)別。1) reach是及物動詞，后面要直接跟表示地點的名詞作賓語。After the train had left, they reached the stationWe reached the top of the mountain at last.2) get是不及動詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點的副詞時，不用to，get to常用于口語中。When the students got to the cinema, the film had begun.My sist

27、er was cooking when mother got home.3) arrive是不及物動詞，表示到達(dá)一個小地方時，用arrive at, 到達(dá)一個大地方時用arrive in。The soldiers arrived at a small villageThe foreigners will arrive in Shanghai tomorrow.動詞( ) 1. - How long may I _ your book?-For a week. But you musnt _ it to others.A. borrow; lend B. keep; lend C. lend;

28、borrow D. keep; borrow( ) 2. It wont _ them much time to fly to Beijing from Shanghai. A. spend B. use C. take D. pay( ) 3. Mr Wang _ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning. A. mustnt be B. may not C. cant D. neednt( ) 4. Do you like the music the Moonlight Sonata? -Yes, it _ really

29、 beautiful. A. feels B. sounds C. listens D. hears( ) 5. Lily finished _ the book yesterday. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads( ) 6. Mrs Brown isnt here. She has to _ her baby at home. A. look at B. look for C. look like D. look after( ) 7. I have to go now. please remember to _ the lights when

30、 you leave. A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on ( ) 8. Susans parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _ be very expensive. A. must B. can C. mustnt D. cant( ) 9. Its too hot. Would you mind _ the door? - _. Please do it now. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly notC. op

31、ening; Of course D. to open; Good idea( ) 10. I want to _ this book for a month. A. borrow B. keep C. lend D. get( ) 11. How many times _ you _ to Beijing this year? -Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _ only thirty dollars for it. A. c

32、ost B. took C. spend D. paid( ) 13. Cotton _ nice and soft. A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _ me? A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with( ) 15. Guess who is coming to supper. I dont know. _ me. A. Speak B.

33、Say C. Tell D. Tell( ) 16. Please _ your phones here with you tomorrow. A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift( ) 17. Dont _ your lessons. Well help you. A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _ who broke it. A. find out B. find C. look D. look for(

34、 ) 19. He could _ neither French nor German. So I _ with him in English.A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up( ) 21. If you dont know a word, you must _ th

35、e word in a dictionary. A. look up B. look down C. look over D. look out( ) 22. Its time for class. Wed better _. A. stop to talk B. to stop to talk C. stop talking D. to stop talking( ) 23. There was a strange sound outside. Mary went out and _ around, but she _ nothing. A. looked; saw B. saw; saw

36、C. watched; looked D. looked; find( ) 24. The woman _ the child quickly and took him to hospital. A. put on B. dressed C. had on D. was wearing( ) 25. Oh, you painted the walls yourself? -Yes. It was not hard. The whole work didnt _ much. A. want B. cost C. spend D. pay( ) 26. -_ all your things, To

37、m! I hate them here and there. OK, Mum. A. Put up B. Put on C. Put down D. Put away( ) 27. Yuki loves wearing strange hats because she wants people to _ her. A. believe B. control C. notice D. visit( ) 28. _! Its the music of Mozart. Be quiet. A. Hear B. Sound C. Sing D. Listen( ) 29. The room is so

38、 dirty. _ we clean it? - Of course. A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall( ) 30. We must do something to stop people from _. A. to throw litter about B. to throw litter intoC. throwing litter about D. throwing litter into初三英語中考專題復(fù)習(xí) 第八節(jié) 時態(tài)和語態(tài)( ) 1. Dont make so much noise. We _ to the music. A. listened B.

39、 listen C. are listening D. have listened( ) 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _ it for two weeks. A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent( ) 3. When will you tell him the good news? -I will tell him about it as soon as he _ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming( ) 4. Dad, pl

40、ease open the door, it _. OK, dear. Im coming. A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked( ) 5. Did you go to Jims birthday party? -No, I _. A. am not invited B. wasnt invited C. havent invited D. didnt invite( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been

41、 given C. will be given D. will give( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done( ) 8. What do you think of the football match yesterday? -Well. Its surprising. The strongest team of our school _. A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed( ) 9. Wou

42、ld your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? -If I dont go, _. A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he( ) 10. The trees must _ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters( ) 11. Did you see Tom at the party? - No, he _ by the time I got there

43、. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left( ) 12. Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? -Because I _ it. A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen( ) 13. Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? -No, I dont, but my twin brother _. Hes very fond of cooking.A. does B. do C. is D. are( ) 1

44、4. Catherin _ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing( ) 15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _. A. must take care of B. must be take care ofC. must look after D. must be looked after( ) 16. The ticket is on th

45、e floor. Would you please _ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up( ) 17. He _ living in the country to the city. A. likes B. prefers C. enjoys D. loves( ) 18. How long have you _ the book? A. bought B. lent C. had D. borrowed( ) 19. Do you know him well ? -Sure. We _ fr

46、iend since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made( ) 20. _ me carefully, boys and girls. Can you _ me? A. Listen to; hear B. Hear; listen to C. Hear; hear D. Listen to; hear from( ) 21. These farmers have been to the United States. Really? When _ there? A. will they go B. di

47、d they go C. do they go D. have they gone( ) 22. Im sorry I havent got any money. I _ my handbag at home. A. have missed B. have left C. have put D. have forgotten( ) 23. Where is Miss Gao. Lily? -She _ to the teachers. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. would go( ) 24. When her father came back hom

48、e, Joan _ with her friend. A. talked B. talks C. is talking D. was talking( ) 25. Whats that thing with three legs? -Its a cup. It _ for drinking in the old days. A. uses B. used C. is used D. was used( ) 26. His uncle _ in three days. A. returns B. has returned C. returned D. will return( ) 27. Hi, Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam.A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got( ) 28. Excuse me. What did you say you would like