英國文學 蕭伯納 簡介.ppt

1、george bernard shaw1856-1950brief introduction of life bernard shaw was born in dublin, ireland, of english parentage in 1856. his family belonged to the irish protestant ( (新教）新教）gentry（貴族）（貴族）. with an unhappy childhood, he left school at the age of 14 and started to work in a land agents office.

2、this experience enriched his understanding of the society and the suffering of the people.shaws birthplace in dublin shaw developed a wide knowledge of music art, and literature as a result of his mothers influence. in 1876, shaw gave up his job and went to london, where he devoted much of his time

3、to self-education by reading in the libraries. between 1879 and 1883, he wrote 5 novels, but none of them brought him profit or fame. in 1884, shaw joined the fabian society費邊社（英費邊社（英國社會改良主義團體）國社會改良主義團體）and he became one of its most influential members. in a period of ten years from 1885, shaw serve

4、d as a critic of music and drama for a number of magazines and newspapers. his career as a dramatist began in 1892, when his first play widowers houses was put on by the independent theater society. when the first world war broke out, he denounced those imperialist war-launchers in his book, common

5、sense about the war. in 1925, he won the nobel prize. he visited the former soviet union in 1931. in 1933, he visited china and met madam song qingling and mr. lu xun. in 1950, shaw was died of illness. major works widowers houses (1892) 鰥夫的房產(chǎn)鰥夫的房產(chǎn) mrs. warrens profession (1894)華倫夫人的職業(yè)華倫夫人的職業(yè)lcaesar

6、 and cleopatra (1898)凱薩與克麗奧佩拉凱薩與克麗奧佩拉 lman and superman (1903)人與超人人與超人lmajor barbara (1905) 巴巴拉少校巴巴拉少校lpygmalion (1912) 賣花女賣花女lheartbreak house (1917) 傷心之家傷心之家lsaint joan (1923) 圣女貞德圣女貞德lthe apple cart (1929) 蘋果車蘋果車widowers houses (1892) is the 1st play written by bernard shaw . it is a grotesquely(

7、荒誕的）荒誕的）realistic exposure of slum（貧（貧民窟）民窟） landlordism, and it is based on the british society. at that time, the britishworkers living condition was a terriblepolitical issue. the purpose of widowershouses is to enhance the voters consciousness.the play mrs. warrens profession was called by the w

8、riter himself “plays unpleasant”. unpleasant they were to the bourgeois（中產(chǎn)階級）（中產(chǎn)階級）public, because g. b. shaw attacked in them the vices（惡行）（惡行） of capitalist society.st. joan (1923) is the only tragedy by bernard shaw . it is not only a tragedy but a historical play. what this book focus on religio

9、us faith, women, society, political factors that influence the history and people, etc. pygmalion (1912) was bernard shaws most famous comedy, which was not accepted and welcomed by the publicity until it was filmed. the play is a sharp lampoon（諷刺）（諷刺） of the rigid british class system, and a commen

10、t on womens hard-working, independence, and self-respect, a romantic comedy. occupation : critic, novelist, pamphleteer（小冊子作者）（小冊子作者）, essayist, private correspondent, photographer, playwright genre（流派）（流派）:realism focus : nearly all his writings deal with prevailing social problems (education, marr

11、iage, religion, government, healthcare and class privilege) characteristics of bernard shaws plays(1)structurally and thematically, shaw followed the great traditions of realism. (2)to portray his characters, he employed contrast and antithesis（對立）（對立）. his characters are the representative of ideas

12、 that alter during the play.(3)much of his drama is constructed by employing inversion（倒置）（倒置）.(4)the plot of his plays advanced not by action but by dialogues (witty and brilliant) like comedies of manners（風格手法）（風格手法）.(5)paradox（悖論）（悖論）effectively used, through which the truth is revealed.(6)ibsens

13、 influence in making his plays a vehicle for ideas (problem play), in which various social problems are discussed.(7) satire（諷刺）（諷刺） and black comedy were also employed.bernard shaws viewpoint on literature shaw was strongly against the credo （信條）（信條）of “art for arts sake” （為藝術而藝術）（為藝術而藝術）held by th

14、ose decadent（頹廢的）（頹廢的） aesthetic artists. he held that art should serve social purposes by reflecting human life, exposing social contradictions and educating the people. behind every successful man, there is a woman and behind every unsuccessful man, there are two. -bernard shaw 每個成功的男人后面都有一個女人；每個不成功的男人后面都有兩個女人。 蕭伯納 i was born intelligent - education ruined me. -bernard shaw 我生下來時很聰明的教育把我給毀了。 蕭伯納 there are two tragedies in life. one is not to get your hearts desire. the