英語(yǔ)寫作---遣詞造句

1、（一）：遣詞造句【芝麻開門】句子是文章的基本單位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的句子組成的。然而一個(gè)好的句子除了能夠準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者的意思，還需要簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)，這是在考試中獲得高分的法寶。一、句子要簡(jiǎn)潔A hero is nothing but a product of his time. 時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄。 寫作要求精練，因?yàn)?，?jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)能起到更加強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用。我們要寫出效果好、影響大的文章，就要想方設(shè)法1）避免使用空洞、多余的短語(yǔ)；2）避免過多地使用較長(zhǎng)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，如并列句和從屬句等；3）避免不必要的重復(fù)。改寫下面的句子1）Owing to the fact that I had a lot of w

2、ork to do, it wasnt possible for me to accept their invitation._2) He is a man who is honest, who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others._3) My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people livin

3、g there._二、語(yǔ)言要生動(dòng)寫作時(shí)要吸引讀者的興趣，句子就需生動(dòng)、充滿活力。平淡無(wú)味的句子會(huì)使人生厭，注意力分散。但要寫出生動(dòng)的句子就必須注意做到：1.交錯(cuò)使用長(zhǎng)短句長(zhǎng)句和短句各有各的特點(diǎn)，各有各的用場(chǎng)。長(zhǎng)句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、容量大，能表達(dá)比較復(fù)雜的內(nèi)容，敘事具體、說理嚴(yán)密。短句結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、短小精悍、明白易懂。在寫作中應(yīng)當(dāng)交錯(cuò)使用長(zhǎng)句和短句，使句子的長(zhǎng)短多樣化，增加語(yǔ)言的表現(xiàn)力。請(qǐng)看下面的一段話：It is better to trust to valour than to luck. 靠運(yùn)氣不如靠勇氣。改寫I returned to my room. There was a note under

4、my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me._2.靈活使用多樣句式要達(dá)到語(yǔ)言的生動(dòng)性，寫作時(shí)就要經(jīng)常地變換句型和句子結(jié)構(gòu)及表達(dá)思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子結(jié)構(gòu)，使文章讀起來(lái)單調(diào)乏味。在考慮英語(yǔ)句式的變化時(shí), 我們一般從以下幾個(gè)方面入手:(1) 既可以用主動(dòng)式也可以用被動(dòng)式, 改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1：Today, we use machine

5、s not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well._2：Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future._ (2) 既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式, 1： I shall go there unless it rains. I shall go there if it _ rain.2：Their daily lives dont provide

6、 them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.Their daily lives_ _ provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.(3) 某些修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面, 還可以用在中間, 1：With a car, people can get around freely. =People can get around freely with a car.2：In fact, speaking is one of the most importa

7、nt means of communication.Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.(4) 既可以是正常語(yǔ)序也可以是倒裝語(yǔ)序.改為倒裝語(yǔ)序1：A new type of TV sets was among the products on display._2：We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century._ (5) 既可以用簡(jiǎn)單句也可以用并列句或者主從復(fù)合句, 1：Nowadays

8、 a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.Nowadays a lot of people work in office, _ (spend )most of their time indoors.2：There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.There are many means of getting infor

9、mation _ enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.3：Doonesbury cartoons satirize contemporary politics. The victims of political corruption pay no attention. They prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.Doonesbury cartoons laugh at contemporary politics, _ the victims of

10、political corruption pay no attention _ prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.4：The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.The campus parking problem is getting worse _ the university is not building any new garages.3.善用形象化語(yǔ)言適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂靡恍┬揶o手法

11、如比喻、夸張、排比、擬人等能更形象、更深刻地說明事理，增加文章的活力。In the morning the dust hung like fog, and the sun was as red as ripe new blood. (明喻)His daughter is the apple of his eyes. (暗喻)An idea spoke within him, racing through his mind. (擬人)His voice was loud enough to wake the dead. (夸張)Many of us allow our children to e

12、at junk, watch junk, listen to junk, talk junk, play with junk, and then we are surprised when they turn out to be social junkies. (排比)4.恰當(dāng)使用英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ) 寫作時(shí)適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧?xí)語(yǔ)、成語(yǔ)等也是使語(yǔ)言生動(dòng)活潑的好辦法。對(duì)比下列句子1. Once a man is dead, there is no helping; you cant rekindle the spark of life in him.Once a man is dead, he cant be br

13、ought back to life.2. The committee refused to listen to our request. The committee turned a deaf ear to our request. 請(qǐng)修改下面的短文增加句式的多樣化以便使其生動(dòng)、流暢。We are terrified of death. We do not think of it, and we dont speak of life. We dont mourn in public. We dont know how to console a grieving friend. In fact

14、, we have eliminated or suppressed all the traditional rituals surrounding death.The Victorians coped with death differently. Their funerals were elaborate. The yards of black crepe around the hearse, hired professional mourners, and its solemn procession to an ornate tomb is now a distant memory. T

15、hey wore mourning jewelry. They had a complicated dress code for the grieving process. The rituals severed a psychological purpose in helping the living deal with loss.【友情提示】句式多樣化是英語(yǔ)作文取得高分的靈丹妙藥，請(qǐng)你一定要勤學(xué)苦練，掌握這一招。另外，在使用一些修辭方法和英語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，要注意盡量避免老套的比喻或盡人皆知的習(xí)語(yǔ)。 遣詞造句練習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單句基本句型1.這本書讓孩子們讀太難了.2.董事們選舉約翰為銀行經(jīng)理.3.他發(fā)現(xiàn)

16、他們坐在桌旁下棋.4.老人凝望著照片,陷入了沉思.5.他查閱英漢詞典以查明這個(gè)詞確切的含義.并列句基本句型1.再努力一下,你肯定能考上重點(diǎn)大學(xué).2.別再粗心了,否則你意識(shí)不到會(huì)犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤.3.天下著雨,因此野餐被延期.4.她以為我正談?wù)撍呐畠?然而事實(shí)上我正在談?wù)撐业呐畠?5.他不僅沖洗汽車,而且又擦拭了它.名詞性從句基本句型1.今年這所大學(xué)將招收更多的學(xué)生是真的.2.問題在于他是否在合同上簽了字.3.他想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為花費(fèi)將會(huì)很低.4.你想她為什么突然大哭起來(lái)?5.無(wú)論誰(shuí)做應(yīng)該迅速做好.定語(yǔ)從句1.他不來(lái)北京的理由是下月他們將開科學(xué)大會(huì).2.他完成工作的方式令我們吃驚.3.她又改變了主意,這

17、使我們大家都生氣了.狀語(yǔ)從句1.雖然他累了,但是他堅(jiān)持工作.2.雖然他是位偉大的科學(xué)家,但是他仍保持謙虛而且在大學(xué)擔(dān)任普通教師工作.3.如果你不想冒失敗的危險(xiǎn),你可以試一試.4老師叫我們?cè)谟袉栴}的地方打上記號(hào).5.鳥飛得越高,我們就越看不清楚.各種句式的綜合運(yùn)用翻譯1.就在教師節(jié)那天我送給英語(yǔ)老師一束花表示對(duì)她的尊敬.2.花了幾個(gè)月時(shí)間修建了通往省城的道路.3.憑借錄音機(jī)的幫助,我感到很容易改進(jìn)我的語(yǔ)音.4.所有的學(xué)生都知道,人人都應(yīng)該在校至少讀九年直到初中畢業(yè)為止.5.我原先希望能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá),但是因?yàn)榇箪F飛行航班延誤了.6.接受她的邀請(qǐng)吧,不然她會(huì)生氣的.7.明天早晨早些出發(fā),那么午飯前你肯定

18、能到城里.8.他說他寧可用一部分時(shí)間打工掙錢而不向朋友借.9.我的意見是我們應(yīng)該弄清楚有利條件和不利條件.10.竊賊正要逃走時(shí)警察趕到了.1.She went home very late yesterday evening. 2.The meeting will last two hours. 3.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years. 4.Things of this sort are happening all over the world every day. 5.The May Fou

19、rth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 6.This box weighs five kilos. 7.In autumn, some birds fly to the south. 8.My grandfather gets up early in the morning. 9.Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books. 1.In winter, the days are short and the nights are long. 2.Mrs Br

20、own looks very healthy. 3.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist. 4.Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 5.He is out of work. 6.The leaves have turned yellow. 7.The report sounds interesting.1.I wrote a letter last night. 2.They have carried out the plan successfully.3.You

21、 must finish reading these books in two weeks. 4.Jim cannot dress himself.5.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 6.He did not know what to say.7.Do you mind my opening the window? 1.He pointed out（副） the mistakes in my composition. 2.On Christmas Day, we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.

22、 3.We cannot work out（副） the problem in five minutes. 4.They sang high praise for the deeds of the hero. 5.The nurse will take good care of your father. 6.You can depend on（介） him in your work. 7.After writing a composition, we must go over（介）it. 8.Take off your coat and put it on（副） before you leav

23、e. 9.We must send for（介） a doctor. 1.His parents named him John. 2.All of us considered him honest. 3.They pushed the door open. 4.We will make our school more beautiful. 5. I want you to tell me the truth. 6. Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine. 7.Every morning we hear him read English alo

24、ud. 8.The pain made him cry out. 9.We wont let her go out at night. 10.He has his hair cut once a month. 11.Ill get my recorder repaired. 12.The terrible sound made the children frightened. 13.She is listening to someone telling stories. 14.I have never seen the word used that way before. 15.He felt

25、 it very difficult to talk with you. 16. I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 17.The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 18.I thought it no use talking with that man. 1.There isnt going to be a meeting tonight. 2.There was only a well

26、in the village. 3.There is a teacher of music and two teachers of art in the school. 4.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 5.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 6.The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 7.There used to be a cinema her

27、e before the war. 8.There happened to be nobody in the room. 9.Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 10.There comes the bus. 11.In front of the cave, there stands(grows) a tall pine tree. 12.There goes the bell. 1.This book is rather too difficult for children. 2. The directors

28、elected John manager of the bank.3. He found them seated at the table, playing chess.4. The old man was deep in thought with his eyes fixed on the photo.5.He looked up the word in the English-Chinese dictionary to find out its exact meaning.6. Only in this way can you hope to improve the situation t

29、here.7. Its impossible for her to buy a car with cash.8. There goes the bell. Lets begin our class.9. We do have a school bus of our own.10.Be sure to set aside half an hour each day for oral practice.1.Another effort, and you are sure to enter a key university.2. Dont be careless again, or you wont

30、 be aware of making the same mistake.3. It was raining, therefore the picnic was postphoned.4.She thought I was talking about her daughter, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.5. Not only did he wash the car but he polished it.6. Xiao Ming must be at home, for the lights are still on.7.

31、It was raining heavily at nine yesterday morning, so we didnt go boating.8. I was wandering in the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop.9. Either she or you are right.1.That the college will take in more new students this year is true. / It is true that2. The question is whether he has signe

32、d the contract.3. He took it for granted that the expenses would be low.4.Why do you think she burst into tears?5. Whoever does it should do it well quickly.6. The reason why he kept silent was that he had failed.7. Word came that medical workers were badly needed at the front.8. I dont think that h

33、e will come this afternoon.9. Its important for us to form a good habit of studying.10. There is no doubt that English now is one of the worlds most widely used languages.1. The reason why he will not come to Beijing is that they will have a scientific conference next month.2. The way (that / in whi

34、ch) he finished the work surprised all of us.3. She changed her mind again, which made all of us angry.1.Tired as he was, he stuck to his work.2.Great scientist as he is, he remains modest and works as an ordinary teacher at college.3. If you dont want to run the risk of failure, you can have a try.

35、4. Our teacher told us to make a mark where we have questions.5. The higher the bird flies, the less clearly we can see it.6. He sat silently as though he was deep in thought.7. The girl learned to play the piano not because she liked to play it, but because her parents forced her to.1. It was on Te

36、achers Day that I sent my English teacher a bunch of flowers to show her my respect.2. It took several months to repair the road leading to the capital of the province.3. I feel it easy to improve my pronunciation with the help of a tape recorder.4.As is known to all the students, one should study a

37、t school for at least nine years till he graduates from a junior middle school.5. I had hoped to arrive on time, but the flight was delayed because of a heavy fog.6. Accept her invitation, or she will be offended.7. Start early tomorrow morning, and you are sure to reach the town before lunch-time.8

38、. He says he prefers making money by doing a part-time job to borrowing money from his friends.9. My opinion is that we should be clear about the advantages as well as the disadvantages.10. The thief was just about to escape when the police arrived.11. The top student got a very high score in the ex

39、am so that he was admitted by a famous university.12. Walking across the street, the old man fixed his eyes on the traffic lights.13. As the boy grew up, his parents became more and more disappointed with him.14. I never allow smoking in the meeting-room; anyone who wants to smoke will have to stay

40、away from the office building.15. Is this the first time that you have been so sick?16. We will stick to our research work even if nobody understands us at present.17. The two strangers are talking as if they had been friends for many years.18. Not until the fire was put out did the firemen leave th

41、e place.19. Anyone who has been to the countryside knows that what you mentioned couldnt have happened in the countryside of China.20. Not only is the boy much taller than before, but he has become a very good student as well.21.Most of the students working hard in our school are likely to enter good universities.22. The textbooks being printed will take the place of the ones used last year.23. They live in a big house, in front of which there is a garden.24. I think it necessary to buy a big English-Chinese dictionary.25. You must have lost som