副詞及副詞詞組

1、 高中英語語法專講高中英語語法專講 副詞及副詞詞組副詞及副詞詞組 Adverb and Adverb Phrase副詞 的主要內(nèi)容l副詞的分類及位置l副詞的構(gòu)成l副詞在句中的作用副詞的分類一、時(shí)間副詞一、時(shí)間副詞1. “什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候”的副詞的副詞 (when提問提問)lnow, then, soon, ago, recently（最近）, lately, later, finally, before, early, today，tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, immediately（立刻）, already, just ,right away, since, a

2、t once.2. “經(jīng)常與否經(jīng)常與否”的頻度副詞的頻度副詞(how often 提問提問)lAlways, often, usually, frequently（頻繁地）, continually（不斷地）, sometimes, occasionally（偶爾）, seldom（很少）, hardly ever, never 3. 時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置時(shí)間副詞在句中的位置(1) 表確定時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句末，有時(shí)也位于句首： He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home. （2）而那些表示非確定時(shí)間的副詞(如 soon, recently,

3、suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，還可位于句中(通常位于實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后)： He went to Paris recently. He recently went to Paris. Recently he went to Paris. (3) still, already, just 等幾個(gè)表示時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句等幾個(gè)表示時(shí)間的副詞通常位于句中中(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前，動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后)：lHes just left for school. 他剛剛?cè)W(xué)校。lI have already finished m

4、y work. 我已經(jīng)做完了工作。當(dāng)要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，當(dāng)要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，still和和already也可位于動(dòng)詞也可位于動(dòng)詞be、助動(dòng)、助動(dòng)詞等之前詞等之前：lShe was still still was beautiful at the age of forty. l她到了40歲仍然很美。lI already have told him about it. l我已經(jīng)把情況告訴他1. Its eleven oclock _ and Im _sitting here and chatting with you. I havent prepared lunch for my son _. He wil

5、l be back from school in half an hour.l a. already, still, yet b. still, already, yetl c. yet, still, already d. already, yet, still2. I really have no idea who you are. In spite of your explanation, I _ when and where we met before.lA. still cannot remember lB. cannot remember stilllC. cannot still

6、 rememberlD. can still not remember二、地點(diǎn)副詞1. 表示地點(diǎn)的副詞表示地點(diǎn)的副詞lHere, there, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, abroad, elsewhere2. 表示方位的副詞表示方位的副詞lAbove, below, down, up, out, on, across, back, along, over, around, away, near, inside3. 地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置地點(diǎn)副詞在句中的位置l地點(diǎn)副詞在句中通常位于句末

7、或句首，但從不位于主語和謂語之間。若有多個(gè)副詞排列，地點(diǎn)副詞通常位于方式副詞之后，時(shí)間副詞之前：lCan you help to carry this table upstairs? l你能幫忙把桌子搬到樓上去嗎?lThe boy read quietly over there all afternoon. l這男孩整個(gè)下午都在那兒靜靜地看書 三、方式副詞三、方式副詞1. 方式副詞的特點(diǎn)方式副詞的特點(diǎn)l方式副詞表示動(dòng)詞的行為方式，一般用how 來提問。許多以-ly結(jié)構(gòu)的副詞都是方式副詞lcarefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctl

8、y, politely, angrily , anxiously, badly, calmly, bravely, fluently, gratefully, suddenly, successfully, slowly,2. 方式副詞在句中的位置方式副詞在句中的位置(1) 方式副詞通常位于動(dòng)詞方式副詞通常位于動(dòng)詞(及其賓語及其賓語)之后：之后：lHe read the letter slowly. 他從容不迫地看了那封信。方式副詞通常不位于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間，除非動(dòng)詞后的賓語很長：方式副詞通常不位于動(dòng)詞與賓語之間，除非動(dòng)詞后的賓語很長： l不可說：We like very much it. (應(yīng)

9、改為We like it very much.)l但可說：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. 注注：若遇到若遇到“動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞+介詞介詞+賓語賓語”結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)，方式副詞既可位于“介詞+賓語”之前，也可位于“介詞+賓語”之后，但是若該結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語較長，則方式副詞通常位于“介詞+賓語”之前：lHe looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me. lHe looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane. lThe plain

10、 clothes policemen _ who got off the plane.l A. looked at suspiciously every passengerlB. looked at suspiciously at every passengerlC. suspiciously looked at every passengerlD. looked at every passenger suspiciously3. 方式副詞方式副詞(主要是單個(gè)的方式副詞主要是單個(gè)的方式副詞)有時(shí)也可位于主語與有時(shí)也可位于主語與動(dòng)詞之間：動(dòng)詞之間：lHe quickly got dressed.

11、 他趕緊穿好衣服。lHe angrily tore up the letter. 他很生氣，把信撕碎了。4. 有的方式副詞有的方式副詞(如如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等等)位于動(dòng)詞之前和位于句末會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子位于動(dòng)詞之前和位于句末會(huì)導(dǎo)致句子意思的變化意思的變化：lThey secretly decided to leave the town. l他們秘密決定離開這個(gè)城市。lThey decided to leave the town secretly.l 他們決定秘密地離開這

12、個(gè)城市。lHe answered the questions foolishly. l他對(duì)這個(gè)問題作了愚蠢的回答。lHe foolishly answered the questions. l他愚蠢地回答了這個(gè)問題。lWhen we heard the bad news, we all looked _ at the master and felt quite _.lA. sad, sad B. sadly, sadly lC. sad, sadly D. sadly, sad五、程度副詞五、程度副詞1. 程度副詞的特點(diǎn)程度副詞的特點(diǎn)l程度副詞用于表示程度，常見的有 fairly, prett

13、y, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really 等。2. 程度副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)程度副詞的用法注意點(diǎn)(1) 程度副詞主要用于修飾形容詞和副詞，有的還可修飾比較級(jí)(如much, rather 等)和最高級(jí)：lHouses are much more expensive these days. l如今的房價(jià)貴多了?！咀ⅰ俊咀ⅰ縬uite 有時(shí)也修飾比較級(jí)，但只用于有時(shí)也修飾比較級(jí)，但只用于quite better(身

14、體康復(fù)身體康復(fù))這這一表達(dá)一表達(dá)。(2) 有的程度副詞有的程度副詞(如如quite, rather, almost等等)可修飾動(dòng)詞，但有的可修飾動(dòng)詞，但有的(如如fairly, pretty, very等等)則不能修飾動(dòng)詞：則不能修飾動(dòng)詞：lI quite agree with you. 我完全同意你的意見。l(不用fairly, pretty, very)lWe rather like the film. 我們很喜歡這部電影。l(不用fairly, pretty, very)(3) 個(gè)別的程度副詞個(gè)別的程度副詞(主要是主要是quite和和rather)還可修飾名詞還可修飾名詞(注意詞序注意詞

15、序)：lIts quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rather good idea. 那可真是個(gè)好主意。若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有形容詞，則若此結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有形容詞，則 quite 和和 rather 則只能放在冠詞之前：則只能放在冠詞之前：lIt was quite rather a success. 那事相當(dāng)成功 1.Lots of visitors come to Nanjing because she is _ city.lA. so a beautiful lB. very a beautifullC. such beautiful lD. quite

16、a beautiful2. If it is the best thing to do, it cannot be done _ soon. A. too B. enough C. much D. ever六、連接副詞六、連接副詞1.用于連接句子或從句的連接副詞（可以和并列連詞搭配用于連接句子或從句的連接副詞（可以和并列連詞搭配使用，所引導(dǎo)的分句并非從句）。使用，所引導(dǎo)的分句并非從句）。（1）表示列舉和順序的副詞：）表示列舉和順序的副詞：First(ly), second(ly), third(ly); next, then, finally, last, lastlyThis project

17、 wont work: for a start, its a bad idea, and secondly, Itll cost too muchThey talked about it for hours. Finally, they decided to go.(2) 表示遞減和引申的副詞：表示遞減和引申的副詞：Also, besides, furthermore, moreover, then, in addition, above allThe house is not big enough for us, and furthermore, it is too far from tow

18、n.They ate a seven-course meal; besides, they drank three bottles of winelJim went to answer the phone. _, Harry started to prepare lunch.l a. However b. Neverthelessl c. Besides d. Meanwhile(3)表示結(jié)果的連接性副詞：表示結(jié)果的連接性副詞：Consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus, as a resultIt rained heavily for three day

19、s on end. Consequently, all the land here was under the water.He didnt work hard. Therefore, he failed to pass the final exam.(4)表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步的副詞表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折和讓步的副詞:Instead, on the contrary, anyhow, anyway, however, though, after all, He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day.We all tri

20、ed our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.2. 引導(dǎo)分句的連接副詞（名詞性從句、狀語從句引導(dǎo)分句的連接副詞（名詞性從句、狀語從句).When, why, where, howWhy he left so abruptly is not known to any of us.How the book will sell depends on its author.Wherever he once lived is well preserved.Nobody

21、can tell when she will arrive.She asked me where I was off to.I wondered how he could make such rapid progress in his study.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where he happens to be, John can make himself at home.1. Its not clear _ this story took place. a. where and when b. when and where c. how

22、 and why d. why and how2. I have no idea _ he has been.a.which b. where c. when d. that3. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. a. there b. where c. there where d. where there七、關(guān)系副詞七、關(guān)系副詞1. 關(guān)系副詞的特點(diǎn)關(guān)系副詞的特點(diǎn)l關(guān)系副詞用于引出定語從句，主要有when, where, why：lSunday is the day when very few people go to work. lThats

23、the reason why he dislikes me. lDo you know a shop where I can find sandals(涼鞋)?【注】關(guān)系副詞用于引出定語從句，且在從句中用作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when 表示時(shí)間，where表示地點(diǎn)，why表示原因。2. 使用關(guān)系副詞的注意點(diǎn)使用關(guān)系副詞的注意點(diǎn)(1) how 不能用作關(guān)系副詞，不要想當(dāng)然地將how用作關(guān)系副詞置于the way 后表示方式：l他說話就是那個(gè)樣子。l誤：This is the way how he spoke.l正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (tha

24、t, in which) he spoke. (2) 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when和和where既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，但why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句(若引導(dǎo)非限制性定若引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可用語從句，可用for which reason)。lHe didnt work hard, for which reason he didnt get the job.lHe will visit the small village where he use

25、d to work for five years.(3) 引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，when 的先行詞為時(shí)間，的先行詞為時(shí)間，where的先的先行詞為地點(diǎn)，行詞為地點(diǎn)，why的先行詞為原因的先行詞為原因(主要是主要是the reason)，但是先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞但是先行詞在從句中作主語、賓語時(shí)，只能用關(guān)系代詞 that, which.lDont forget the time (that) Ive told you. lThis is the house (that) he bought recently. lPlease tell me the reason

26、(that) you know. 1.The day _ we had looked forward to came at last.a.That b. when c. while d. as2. The day will come _ we have been looking forward to visiting the Great Wall. a. that b. when c. while d. as八、疑問副詞八、疑問副詞1. 疑問副詞的特點(diǎn)疑問副詞的特點(diǎn)l疑問副詞有when, where, why, how 等，用于引出特殊疑問句：lWhere do you come from?

27、你是哪里人？lWhen will it be ready? 這什么時(shí)候能準(zhǔn)備好？lWhy was she crying? 她剛才為什么哭？2. 兩類易混句型的區(qū)別。請(qǐng)看以下兩句：兩類易混句型的區(qū)別。請(qǐng)看以下兩句：lWhere do you think he has gone? 你認(rèn)為他去什么地方了？lDo you know when he will come? 你知道他什么時(shí)候來嗎？ l上面第一句為特殊疑問句，第二句為一般疑問句 l3. 使用疑問副詞的注意點(diǎn)使用疑問副詞的注意點(diǎn)l(1) 疑問副詞引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句時(shí)，其后應(yīng)接一般疑問句，但有時(shí)可有所省略：lWhy argue with him? 為

28、什么要與跟他爭吵？lWhy not ask the teacher? / Why dont you ask the teacher? 為什么不問問老師呢？l【注】Why 或Why not后接動(dòng)詞原形，不接帶to不定式，主要用于現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，不用于過去，如不說 why not tell me yesterday?應(yīng)改為Why didnt you tell me yesterday?(昨天為什么不告訴我?)l(2) 有時(shí)兩個(gè)疑問副詞連用：lWhen and where were you born? 你生于何時(shí)何地？九、句子副詞九、句子副詞1. 句子副詞的特點(diǎn)句子副詞的特點(diǎn)l句子副詞用于修飾句子(而不

29、是修飾某個(gè)單詞)，反映說話人的觀點(diǎn)和看法.lactually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等lHonestly, I think your are mistaken.lNaturally, the pupils were behaving well while the teacher was with the

30、m.lLuckily, she was in when I called.lUnfortunately, we never found out the truth.lProbably, they are at home.2. 句子副詞在句中的位置句子副詞在句中的位置句子副詞通常位于句首(或分句句首)：Obviously he cant tell the difference between them. 顯然他無法區(qū)別兩者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 我遲到了，幸而會(huì)議推遲了。但有些句子副詞也可以出現(xiàn)在句

31、中：有的句子副詞也可用作其他種類的副詞，不過這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致位置和語有的句子副詞也可用作其他種類的副詞，不過這往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致位置和語義的變化：義的變化：lClearly he didnt say so. 顯然他沒有這樣說。(句子副詞)lHe didnt say so clearly. 他說得沒有那么清楚。(方式副詞)lFrankly, you are wrong. 說實(shí)在的，你錯(cuò)了。(句子副詞)lHe spoke frankly about his past life. 他坦率地談了他過去的生活。(方式副詞)副詞的排列順序1. 地點(diǎn)副詞 時(shí)間副詞l方式副詞- 時(shí)間副詞l方式副詞-地點(diǎn)副詞-時(shí)間副詞lS

32、he sang beautifully in the hall last night.2. run, go, drive + 地點(diǎn)副詞地點(diǎn)副詞-方式副詞方式副詞-時(shí)時(shí)間副詞間副詞He drove to the bank hurriedly after lunch1. 副詞在句中作修飾語副詞在句中作修飾語（1）修飾動(dòng)詞）修飾動(dòng)詞They completely ignored my views.I entirely agree with her.I rather like him.(2) 修飾形容詞修飾形容詞That was a very funny film.He had an unusuall

33、y deep voice.Two men were in the street, one of whom seemed slightly familiar.(3) 修飾修飾 副詞副詞Shes a clever girl, and has learnt the new work very quickly.He drives extremely carefully.(4) 修飾介詞和連詞（修飾介詞和連詞（well, right, just）I cant reach it; its well(遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地) over my head.Theres the house, right in front of

34、you.l2. 副詞在句中作狀語（修飾性狀語）副詞在句中作狀語（修飾性狀語）l表示動(dòng)作、過程、狀態(tài)等發(fā)生和存在的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等。lRecently they had an accident.lThey recently had an accident.lThey had an accident recently.lHe always drives carefully.lWe all listened patiently.lThe captain told the sailors to go below.lI read to the bottom of the page and decide

35、d to stop there.英語副詞的句法功能英語副詞的句法功能3. 用作表語用作表語(地點(diǎn)副詞和與介詞同形的副詞地點(diǎn)副詞和與介詞同形的副詞)，只，只能用于連系動(dòng)詞能用于連系動(dòng)詞be 后后.lThe meeting is over. lIs anyone upstairs? lIs the radio on or off? lHe is here .lHe is abroad.lHe seems here （錯(cuò)）lHe seems abroad. (錯(cuò))l3. 用作賓語用作賓語lIts hot in here. 這里面很熱。lIts not far from here. 從這兒去不遠(yuǎn)。lI

36、ll stay at home tonight. 今晚我將呆在家里。【注】副詞用作賓語的用法十分有限，通常只用作介詞賓語，并且只限于某些表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的副詞，而且不同的副詞有不同的搭配特點(diǎn)，如 here和there 可與along, around, down, from, in, near, round, up 等介詞連用，但通常不與介詞to連用，如不說come to here, go to there 等(注：from here to there是例外)，而表地點(diǎn)的副詞abroad 則只與介詞from連用，不與其他介詞連用。 l4. 用作賓語補(bǔ)足語用作賓語補(bǔ)足語(通常是地點(diǎn)副詞和與介詞同形的

37、副通常是地點(diǎn)副詞和與介詞同形的副詞詞)lAsk him in, please. 請(qǐng)叫他進(jìn)來。lWe must try to help him through. 我們必須設(shè)法幫他渡過難關(guān)。lSorry to have kept you up so late. 對(duì)不起，讓你這么晚不能睡覺。l【注】一般說來，能用作表語的副詞都可用作賓語補(bǔ)足語：lHe went to see her but found that she was out. 他去看她，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。lHe went to see her but found her out. 他去看她，但發(fā)現(xiàn)她不在家。l5. 用作定語（后置定語）用作定

38、語（后置定語）lThe people there were very friendly. l那兒的人很友好。lDo you know the people downstairs? l你認(rèn)識(shí)樓下的人嗎？lThe shops around are very cheap. l附近商店的東西很便宜。fairly, quite, rather, very, pretty的的語法區(qū)別語法區(qū)別 (1) 這幾個(gè)詞都可表示程度，但語氣的輕重不同，大致可描述如下(后面的詞比前面的語氣強(qiáng))：(not) fairly quite rather / pretty very (2) fairly 多用于褒義，rather

39、 多用于貶義形容詞 (3) 這幾個(gè)詞中，只有 rather 可以與比較級(jí)和副詞 too (太)連用： Its rather warmer today. This one is rather too large. The dress was rather too small for her. （4）fairly 和very 只能修飾形容詞和副詞，不能修飾動(dòng)詞。 (5) 修飾不可分級(jí)的形容詞(如right, wrong, ready, full, empty, perfect, impossible, alone, unique等)通常只用quite，此時(shí)此時(shí)quite并不表示并不表示“相當(dāng)相當(dāng)”

40、或或“很很”，而表示，而表示“完全完全”：lYoure quite right (wrong). 你完全正確(錯(cuò)了)。lThats quite impossible. 那完全不可能。lThe dress of the natives is quite unique. 土著人的衣服很獨(dú)特 very, much 與與 very much的用法區(qū)的用法區(qū)別別l三者均可表示三者均可表示“很很”、“非常非常”，區(qū)別如下：，區(qū)別如下：1. very 主要修飾形容詞或副詞。如：主要修飾形容詞或副詞。如：lThe dictionary is very useful. He drove very fast. l

41、注：修飾副詞注：修飾副詞 too，要用，要用 much。lIt is much too expensive. 2. much 主要修飾動(dòng)詞主要修飾動(dòng)詞.通常只用于否定句或疑問句通常只用于否定句或疑問句 ,除非其前有除非其前有 very, too, so 等之類等之類的修飾語的修飾語lShe doesnt like him much. lDoes she much like him? / Does she like him much? l誤：He likes the film much 正：He likes the film very much. l單個(gè)的 much (即沒有修飾語)有時(shí)也可能在

42、肯定句修飾動(dòng)詞，但這只限于 regret, admire, prefer, appreciate 等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞，且此時(shí)的 much 應(yīng)置于句中，而不是句末。如：lWe much appreciate your invitation. 我們非常感激你的邀請(qǐng)。l注：very 有時(shí)也可修飾最高級(jí) (注意在句中的位置)。lThis is the very lowest price. 這是最低最低的價(jià)格3. very much 是是 much 的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，從理論上說，可用的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，從理論上說，可用 much 的地方，原則上也可的地方，原則上也可 very much。Also, Too, Either,

43、As well 的用法區(qū)別 Also和Too用于肯定句，either 用于否定句；also 放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，BE動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后，too常置于句末；as well 與too 可互換。He likes English. His twin brother also likes English.His twin brother likes English, too.His twin brother likes English as well.He doesnt like English.His twin brother doesnt like English either.Just 與just no

44、w 的用法區(qū)別lJust “剛才”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；just now “剛才，不久以前”，常用于一般過去式。lWhat did you do just now?lI have just finished my English homework.Much too 與too muchlMuch too 修飾形容詞、副詞；too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可單獨(dú)作主語、賓語或表語.lThis vase is much too expensive.lToo much homework is not helpful to childrens health.lIs two thousand dolla

45、rs enough for you to buy this computer?l- I think its too much.1.The price of the machine is _.lA. much high lB. much too highlC. somewhat higherlD. too higher 2. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.lA. much too heavy B. too much heavylC. heavy too much D. too he

46、avy muchAlready, yet 與stilllAlready“已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”，用于肯定句；，用于肯定句；yet “已經(jīng)已經(jīng)”用于否定句或疑問句；用于否定句或疑問句；still “還，仍然還，仍然”一般用于肯定句或疑問句一般用于肯定句或疑問句.lJohn, have you finished that report yet? lJohn hasnt finished that report yet and I asked him for it three days ago. 約翰還沒有寫完報(bào)告，可我三天前就要他交了。lIts only 11 oclock and they have already had lunch. lAre they building a new hotel here? l-There are too many hotels already. l他們要在這兒建一個(gè)新飯店嗎？這兒的飯店已經(jīng)夠多了 lMy neighbor hit my car last week and he still hasnt apologized l我的鄰居上周撞了我的車，可他到現(xiàn)在還沒有道歉呢。l Hes still living with his mother. 他仍與母親住在一起。 Ago 與before(