6工作臺(tái)椅與手握工具設(shè)計(jì)1方案

1、ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art2控制臺(tái)（工作臺(tái)）：控制臺(tái)（工作臺(tái)）： 是包含操縱裝置和顯示是包含操縱裝置和顯示裝置的作業(yè)單元。它小到一臺(tái)便攜式打字機(jī)，大裝置的作業(yè)單元。它小到一臺(tái)便攜式打字機(jī)，大到一個(gè)房間（控制室或控制中心）。到一個(gè)房間（控制室或控制中心）。ergonomics nanjing univer

2、sity of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art3桌式控制臺(tái)直柜式控制臺(tái)組合式控制臺(tái)彎折式控制臺(tái)ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . dep

3、artment of design art4 控制臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容：控制臺(tái)設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容：工作臺(tái)尺寸工作臺(tái)尺寸宜人、造型美觀、方便使用、給人以舒適感。宜人、造型美觀、方便使用、給人以舒適感。 關(guān)鍵：關(guān)鍵：根據(jù)人體尺度，將控制器與顯示根據(jù)人體尺度，將控制器與顯示器布置在作業(yè)者正常的作業(yè)空間范圍內(nèi)。保器布置在作業(yè)者正常的作業(yè)空間范圍內(nèi)。保證作業(yè)者能良好地觀察必要的顯示器，操作證作業(yè)者能良好地觀察必要的顯示器，操作所有的控制器，以及為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間作業(yè)提供舒適所有的控制器，以及為長(zhǎng)時(shí)間作業(yè)提供舒適的作業(yè)姿勢(shì)?？刂婆_(tái)有時(shí)在操作者前側(cè)上方的作業(yè)姿勢(shì)。控制臺(tái)有時(shí)在操作者前側(cè)上方也有作業(yè)區(qū)，所有這些區(qū)域都必須在可視

4、可也有作業(yè)區(qū)，所有這些區(qū)域都必須在可視可及區(qū)內(nèi)。及區(qū)內(nèi)。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art5控制臺(tái)作業(yè)面控制臺(tái)作業(yè)面 見見圖圖6-2顯示器面板形式顯示器面板形式 見見圖圖6-3控制臺(tái)上方干涉點(diǎn)高度控制臺(tái)上方干涉點(diǎn)高度 見見圖圖6-4 dkdhhdd式中式中 h干涉點(diǎn)高度干涉點(diǎn)高度 k操作者眼高操作者眼高 h顯示

5、面板下端高度顯示面板下端高度 d操作者眼點(diǎn)與干涉點(diǎn)的投影距離操作者眼點(diǎn)與干涉點(diǎn)的投影距離 d干涉點(diǎn)與顯示面板的投影距離干涉點(diǎn)與顯示面板的投影距離ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art6圖圖6-2 推薦的控制臺(tái)作業(yè)面布置區(qū)域推薦的控制臺(tái)作業(yè)面布置區(qū)域返回女性：女性：p2.5長(zhǎng)：110120cm寬：40cmergono

6、mics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art7圖圖6-3 顯示面板的型式顯示面板的型式返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic

7、 engineering . department of design art8圖圖6-4 控制臺(tái)干涉點(diǎn)高度控制臺(tái)干涉點(diǎn)高度返回dk dhhd dergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art9ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjin

8、g university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art10坐姿低臺(tái)式控制臺(tái)坐姿低臺(tái)式控制臺(tái) 見見圖圖6-5（a）坐姿高臺(tái)式控制臺(tái)坐姿高臺(tái)式控制臺(tái) 見圖見圖6-5（b）坐立兩用控制臺(tái)坐立兩用控制臺(tái) 見見圖圖6-6立姿控制臺(tái)立姿控制臺(tái) 見見圖圖6-6標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制臺(tái)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制臺(tái) 見見圖圖6-7，尺寸參閱，尺寸參閱表表6-1ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing universi

9、ty of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art11圖圖6-5 坐姿控制臺(tái)坐姿控制臺(tái)(a) 坐姿低臺(tái)式控制臺(tái)坐姿低臺(tái)式控制臺(tái); (b) 坐姿高臺(tái)式控制臺(tái)坐姿高臺(tái)式控制臺(tái)返回男性男性:p50ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . departm

10、ent of design art12火車駕駛室火車駕駛室返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art13圖圖6-6 坐立兩用坐立兩用 控制臺(tái)控制臺(tái)返回返回男性:p50ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing universi

11、ty of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art14圖圖6-7 一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)控制臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art15返回ergonomics nanjing

12、university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art16ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of desig

13、n art17輪船駕駛室中控臺(tái)機(jī)艙控制臺(tái)ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art186.2.1 6.2.1 電子化辦公臺(tái)人體尺度電子化辦公臺(tái)人體尺度 見見圖圖6-8，圖圖6-96.2.2 6.2.2 電子化辦公臺(tái)可調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)電子化辦公臺(tái)可調(diào)設(shè)計(jì) 見見圖圖6-106.2.3 6.2.3 電子化辦公臺(tái)組合設(shè)計(jì)電子化辦公臺(tái)組合

14、設(shè)計(jì) 見見圖圖6-11ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art19圖圖6-8 電子化辦公示意圖電子化辦公示意圖返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology

15、. school of mechanic engineering . department of design art20圖圖6-9 電子化辦公臺(tái)主要尺寸電子化辦公臺(tái)主要尺寸返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art21圖圖6-10 電子化辦公臺(tái)調(diào)節(jié)方式電子化辦公臺(tái)調(diào)節(jié)方式返回ergonomics nanjing

16、university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art22圖圖6-11 辦公臺(tái)組合設(shè)計(jì)辦公臺(tái)組合設(shè)計(jì)返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineerin

17、g . department of design art23坐坐姿姿的的優(yōu)優(yōu)點(diǎn)點(diǎn) 當(dāng)人站立時(shí)，人體的足裸、腰部、臀部和脊椎等關(guān)當(dāng)人站立時(shí)，人體的足裸、腰部、臀部和脊椎等關(guān)節(jié)部位受到靜肌力作用，以維持直立狀態(tài)，而坐時(shí)，節(jié)部位受到靜肌力作用，以維持直立狀態(tài)，而坐時(shí)，可免除這些肌力，減少人體能耗，消除疲勞，坐姿態(tài)可免除這些肌力，減少人體能耗，消除疲勞，坐姿態(tài)比站立更有利于血液循環(huán)，而且有利于保持身體的穩(wěn)比站立更有利于血液循環(huán)，而且有利于保持身體的穩(wěn)定。定。 目前，大多數(shù)辦公室人員、腦力勞動(dòng)者、部分體力目前，大多數(shù)辦公室人員、腦力勞動(dòng)者、部分體力勞動(dòng)者都采用坐姿工作勞動(dòng)者都采用坐姿工作 。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)

18、步，愈來愈多。隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，愈來愈多的體力勞動(dòng)者也將采取坐姿工作，因而工作坐椅設(shè)計(jì)的體力勞動(dòng)者也將采取坐姿工作，因而工作坐椅設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)的坐姿分析日益成為人機(jī)工程學(xué)工作者和設(shè)計(jì)和相關(guān)的坐姿分析日益成為人機(jī)工程學(xué)工作者和設(shè)計(jì)師們關(guān)注的研究課題。師們關(guān)注的研究課題。1.脊脊柱柱結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)6.3.1坐姿生理學(xué)坐姿生理學(xué)751254腰曲腰曲圖圖6-12 脊柱的形狀及組成脊柱的形狀及組成前前后后肩靠肩靠腰靠腰靠ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technolo

19、gy . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art252.腰腰曲曲弧弧線線從坐姿生從坐姿生理學(xué)角度，理學(xué)角度，應(yīng)保證腰應(yīng)保證腰弧曲線正弧曲線正常。常。圖圖6-13 6-13 各種不同姿勢(shì)下所產(chǎn)生的腰椎曲度各種不同姿勢(shì)下所產(chǎn)生的腰椎曲度坐姿生理學(xué)坐姿生理學(xué)ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering .

20、 department of design art26坐姿生理學(xué)坐姿生理學(xué)3.腰腰椎椎后后突突和和前前突突 圖6-14 腰椎后突和前凸 (a) 腰椎后突; (b)腰椎前凸ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art276.3.2 6.3.2 坐姿生物力學(xué)坐姿生物力學(xué)1.肌肌肉肉活活動(dòng)動(dòng)度度 脊椎骨依靠其附近的肌肉和腱連接

21、，椎骨的定位借助脊椎骨依靠其附近的肌肉和腱連接，椎骨的定位借助于肌腱的作用力。一旦脊椎偏離自然狀態(tài)，肌腱組織就于肌腱的作用力。一旦脊椎偏離自然狀態(tài)，肌腱組織就會(huì)受到相互壓力會(huì)受到相互壓力(拉或壓拉或壓)的作用，使肌肉的作用，使肌肉活動(dòng)度（活動(dòng)量）活動(dòng)度（活動(dòng)量）增加，招致疲勞酸痛。增加，招致疲勞酸痛。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在挺直坐姿下，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在挺直坐姿下，腰椎部位肌肉活動(dòng)度高，因?yàn)檠登跋蚶笔辜∪饨M織腰椎部位肌肉活動(dòng)度高，因?yàn)檠登跋蚶笔辜∪饨M織緊張受力。提供靠背支承腰椎后，活動(dòng)力則明顯減小；緊張受力。提供靠背支承腰椎后，活動(dòng)力則明顯減?。划?dāng)軀干前傾時(shí)，背上方和肩部肌肉活動(dòng)度高，以桌面作當(dāng)

22、軀干前傾時(shí)，背上方和肩部肌肉活動(dòng)度高，以桌面作為前傾時(shí)手臂的支承并不能降低活動(dòng)度。為前傾時(shí)手臂的支承并不能降低活動(dòng)度。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art282.體體壓壓分分布布6-15 體壓分布曲線體壓分布曲線壓力分布不均勻原則壓力分布不均勻原則單位：102paergonomics nanjing univer

23、sity of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art29坐姿生物力學(xué)坐姿生物力學(xué) 6-16 6-16 座面對(duì)股骨的影響座面對(duì)股骨的影響3.股股骨骨受受力力分分析析ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . schoo

24、l of mechanic engineering . department of design art30坐姿生物力學(xué)坐姿生物力學(xué)4.椎椎間間盤盤受受力力分分析析從坐姿生從坐姿生物力學(xué)角物力學(xué)角度，應(yīng)保度，應(yīng)保證肢體免證肢體免受異常力受異常力作用。作用。圖圖6-17 6-17 不同坐姿時(shí)椎間盤受力分析不同坐姿時(shí)椎間盤受力分析ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering .

25、 department of design art31不同坐姿不同坐姿ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art32辦公人員的習(xí)慣坐姿辦公人員的習(xí)慣坐姿 ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of sc

26、ience & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art336.3.3 6.3.3 坐姿人體測(cè)量尺寸坐姿人體測(cè)量尺寸圖6-18 對(duì)座椅設(shè)計(jì)有用的人體尺寸ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art34坐高坐高(sittin

27、g height)ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art35ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engin

28、eering . department of design art36靠背傾角靠背傾角(angle of back-rest)ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art37ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing univers

29、ity of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art38座椅是坐的機(jī)器，對(duì)人體影響最大的是側(cè)面輪廓。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art396.4.1 6.4.1 一般工作場(chǎng)所坐椅一般工作場(chǎng)所

30、坐椅 gb/t14774-93 gb/t14774-93 工作座椅一般人類工效學(xué)要求工作座椅一般人類工效學(xué)要求1 1、座椅設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)、座椅設(shè)計(jì)要點(diǎn)（1）使操作者在工作中保持身體舒適、穩(wěn)定并能）使操作者在工作中保持身體舒適、穩(wěn)定并能進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的控制和操作。進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的控制和操作。 （2）座高（）座高（360480mm)和腰靠高和腰靠高(165 210mm)必須是可調(diào)節(jié)的。必須是可調(diào)節(jié)的。 （3）椅坐面和腰靠結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)使其感到安全、舒適。）椅坐面和腰靠結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)使其感到安全、舒適。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing

31、 university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art40（4）腰靠結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)具有一定的彈性和足夠的剛性，腰）腰靠結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)具有一定的彈性和足夠的剛性，腰靠?jī)A角不得超過靠?jī)A角不得超過115度。度。（5）工作坐椅一般不設(shè)扶手，需設(shè)扶手的必須保證）工作坐椅一般不設(shè)扶手，需設(shè)扶手的必須保證操作人員作業(yè)活動(dòng)的安全。操作人員作業(yè)活動(dòng)的安全。（6）其結(jié)構(gòu)材料應(yīng)耐用、阻燃、無毒。坐墊、腰靠、）其結(jié)構(gòu)材料應(yīng)耐用、阻燃、無毒。坐墊、腰靠、扶手的覆蓋層應(yīng)使用柔軟、防滑、透氣性好、吸汗扶手

32、的覆蓋層應(yīng)使用柔軟、防滑、透氣性好、吸汗的不導(dǎo)電材料制造。的不導(dǎo)電材料制造。（7）可防止座椅打滑。椅腳應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)）可防止座椅打滑。椅腳應(yīng)設(shè)計(jì)5個(gè)，平分在個(gè)，平分在40 45cm的圓周上。的圓周上。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art412 2、工作椅設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)形式、工作椅設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)形式圖圖6-19 6-19 一般工作座椅

33、結(jié)構(gòu)形一般工作座椅結(jié)構(gòu)形式式ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art42坐面傾角坐面傾角 ：34度度 腰靠?jī)A角腰靠?jī)A角 ：110度度ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & te

34、chnology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art436.4.2 6.4.2 辦公室辦公室工作座椅工作座椅圖圖6-20 辦公用座椅原型辦公用座椅原型ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art44ergonomics nanjing u

35、niversity of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art45ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design

36、 art466.4.3 6.4.3 座椅設(shè)計(jì)的新概念座椅設(shè)計(jì)的新概念1. 動(dòng)態(tài)座椅動(dòng)態(tài)座椅 見見圖圖6-21 2. 前傾式座椅前傾式座椅 見見圖圖6-223. 膝靠式座椅膝靠式座椅 見見圖圖6-236.4.4 6.4.4 其它工作座椅其它工作座椅 1. 作業(yè)用凳作業(yè)用凳 見見圖圖6-24 2. 其它支撐物其它支撐物 見見圖圖6-25ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineerin

37、g . department of design art47圖圖6-21 動(dòng)態(tài)座椅設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)態(tài)座椅設(shè)計(jì)返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art48返回圖圖6-22 座面前傾的座面前傾的寫字、繪圖椅寫字、繪圖椅ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2

38、005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art49圖圖6-23 膝靠式座椅膝靠式座椅返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art50 圖圖6-24 作業(yè)

39、用凳作業(yè)用凳（a a）立姿立姿 崗位用凳；（崗位用凳；（b b）坐姿坐姿 崗位用凳；（崗位用凳；（c c）支承支承 旋轉(zhuǎn)凳；（旋轉(zhuǎn)凳；（d d）單邊單邊 支凳支凳返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art51圖圖6-25 作業(yè)用支承物作業(yè)用支承物（a）腳踏板腳踏板 和和擱臂墊擱臂墊 組合組合；（b）腳踏板腳踏板 和

40、和支承凳支承凳 組合；組合；（c）回跳凳；（）回跳凳；（d）帶轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)支架的轉(zhuǎn)椅）帶轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)支架的轉(zhuǎn)椅返回ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art52 6.4.5 6.4.5 休息座椅休息座椅 (public seat)(public seat) 這類座椅適用于休息這類座椅適用于休息室及各種交通運(yùn)輸工室及各種交通運(yùn)輸工具中，

41、如飛機(jī)、汽車、具中，如飛機(jī)、汽車、火車、輪船中的乘客火車、輪船中的乘客座椅。座椅。 這類座椅應(yīng)以舒適性這類座椅應(yīng)以舒適性作為設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)。作為設(shè)計(jì)重點(diǎn)。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art53 6.4.6 6.4.6 懶椅懶椅 (sofa & armchair)(sofa & armchair)用來休息的座椅，稱為懶

42、椅。由于椎間盤內(nèi)壓力用來休息的座椅，稱為懶椅。由于椎間盤內(nèi)壓力和肌肉疲勞是引起不舒服感覺的主要原因，因此，和肌肉疲勞是引起不舒服感覺的主要原因，因此，座椅的側(cè)面輪廓若能降低椎間盤內(nèi)壓力和肌肉負(fù)座椅的側(cè)面輪廓若能降低椎間盤內(nèi)壓力和肌肉負(fù)荷，并且使之降到盡可能小的程度，就能產(chǎn)生舒荷，并且使之降到盡可能小的程度，就能產(chǎn)生舒服的感覺。當(dāng)靠背傾角達(dá)到服的感覺。當(dāng)靠背傾角達(dá)到110時(shí)，人體的肌電時(shí)，人體的肌電圖的波動(dòng)明顯減少，被試有舒服的感覺。圖的波動(dòng)明顯減少，被試有舒服的感覺。 ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanj

43、ing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art54設(shè)計(jì)懶椅應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：設(shè)計(jì)懶椅應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：l 為了防止臀部前滑，坐面應(yīng)后傾一個(gè)角度，一般為為了防止臀部前滑，坐面應(yīng)后傾一個(gè)角度，一般為1424；l 靠背傾斜角度：靠背傾斜角度：相對(duì)于坐面為相對(duì)于坐面為105110；相對(duì)于水平面為相對(duì)于水平面為110。130；l 靠背應(yīng)有墊腰的凸緣，凸緣的頂點(diǎn)應(yīng)在第靠背應(yīng)有墊腰的凸緣，凸緣的頂點(diǎn)應(yīng)在第3腰椎骨腰椎骨與第與第4腰椎骨之間的部位，即頂點(diǎn)高于坐面后緣

44、腰椎骨之間的部位，即頂點(diǎn)高于坐面后緣1018厘米。墊腰的凸緣有保持腰椎柱自然曲線的作用。厘米。墊腰的凸緣有保持腰椎柱自然曲線的作用。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art556.4.7 6.4.7 多功能座椅多功能座椅 適用于多種場(chǎng)合，既可就餐時(shí)用，也可作適用于多種場(chǎng)合，既可就餐時(shí)用，也可作為工作用椅或備用椅，便于

45、搬動(dòng)和堆貯。為工作用椅或備用椅，便于搬動(dòng)和堆貯。 快餐店座椅快餐店座椅 影劇院座椅影劇院座椅 (cinema chair) 車站、公園座椅車站、公園座椅ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art56ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 na

46、njing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art57黃花梨木圓椅黃花梨木圓椅明明通高通高930mm，鵝脖上端略彎，與扶手，鵝脖上端略彎，與扶手交接處有掛牙裝飾。圈椅最早見于五交接處有掛牙裝飾。圈椅最早見于五代前期的繪畫作品，后來很少見到，代前期的繪畫作品，后來很少見到，到明代時(shí)期這樣的圈椅又很盛興。到明代時(shí)期這樣的圈椅又很盛興。ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005

47、nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art58黃花梨圓后背交椅黃花梨圓后背交椅ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art59老花梨木帶聯(lián)幫棍四出頭扶手椅老花梨

48、木帶聯(lián)幫棍四出頭扶手椅明末明末ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art60ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic

49、 engineering . department of design art61ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art62ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & techn

50、ology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art63ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art64ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing uni

51、versity of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art65ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art66ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department of design art67時(shí)間：1925年材料：鍍鉻的鎳鍍鋼管、帆布要點(diǎn)：擠壓成型的無縫鋼管ergonomics nanjing university of science & technology 2005 nanjing university of science & technology . school of mechanic engineering . department