英語語法動詞八種時態(tài)詳解

1、英語八種時態(tài)歸納復(fù)習(xí) 時態(tài)是英語學(xué)習(xí)中一個至關(guān)重要的內(nèi)容，廣大初中學(xué)生在實際運用時，往往對時態(tài)問題倍感棘手，下面我們就歸納復(fù)習(xí)一下這幾種時態(tài)。一、 一般現(xiàn)在時（一）定義表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，還表示主語具備的性格和能力及客觀真理。例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .(二)構(gòu)成 主要用動詞原形表示，當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，在動詞詞尾加s/es。(三)句型 1、肯定句：主語+謂語+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句：主語+dont/doesnt+謂語+其他。 He does

2、nt get up at 6:30 in the morning . 3、一般疑問句：Do/Does+主語+V原+其他？ Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+V原+其他？ What time do you get up every morning ? Where does your father work ?（三）用法 1、表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作，或存在的狀態(tài)，帶與表示頻率的時間狀語如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year

3、，month） , once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等連用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、表示客觀真理，科學(xué)事實、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出東方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。 Light travels faster than sound .光的速度比聲音的速度快。 The U

4、nited States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美國位于太平洋西岸。 3、根據(jù)英文語法規(guī)定，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時，那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示將來要發(fā)生的動作。Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時，我將告訴他這個消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting .4、僅為了描述狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了描述現(xiàn)階段的動作或狀態(tài)，其重點不是強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間、或進行的狀態(tài)。

5、例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 長江是世界上最長的河流之一。 She majors in music .她主修音樂。 All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。（四）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則 1、一

6、般情況下，動詞后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。2、以s，x，ch，sh或o結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。3、以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-es;如：study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。4、動詞have遇在主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，have改為has，如：He has an interesting book .5、動詞be遇有主語是第一人稱單數(shù)時，be改為am，遇有主語是第

7、二人稱時，be改為are，遇有主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，be改為is 一般現(xiàn)在時練習(xí)題1）用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.I like _ (swim).2.He _(read) English every day.3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike_(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother_(like) _(go) shopping.6.I can _(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_(make) a model plane.8.Do you

8、 _(like)_(run)?9.Does he_(like)_(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?11.The teachers_(like)_(dance).12.The teacher_(like)_(dance).13.The students_(speak) English in class.14.The student_(speak) Chinese after class.15. Lets_and play football . ( go )16. He_ like swimming . ( not )17. Im s

9、orry _that . ( hear )18. Wang Bing is_ ( write ) an E-mail to his friend .19. He has_a headache . ( get )20. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do )21. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )22. Im _ better . ( feel )23. Why_Tom absent today ? ( be )2）用所給的人稱改寫句子1.I take pho

10、tos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)6.We clean the classroom every day. (he)7.They look after the pandas. (Mr Wang)8.I draw a tree and some flowers. (Nancy)9.We go t

11、o bed at eight. ( my sister)10.I read newspapers in the evening. (Mr Green)3）寫出下列動詞的相應(yīng)形式1. 第三人稱單數(shù)： wash_ match _guess_ study_ finish_ go_ snow_ carry_2.寫出下列動詞的過去式：stop_ see_ drive _let_ carry_ keep_ join_ find_ think_ teach_ catch_3. 寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式： stay_ begin_ forget_ forget_ lie_ die _ run_ prefer

12、_ give_ ring_ dance_ hope_II. 用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1I _(write) to you as soon as I _(get) to London.2. He doeant feel well and _(not eat) any food this morning.3. He _ not _(see) me come in, for he _(read) something with great interest.4. I _(l;et) you have the book as soon as I _(finish) it.5. While we _(w

13、ait) for our teacher, a little boy _(run) up to us.6. Dont make a niose. Grandpa _(sleep). 7.Its seven now, Toms family_(watch) TV.8. It _(take) me two hours to finish my homework last night.9. What _ your mother _(do) at eight yesterday evening? She _(wash) clothes.10. _ it _ (rain) when school was

14、 over yesterday?11. What _(do) _ tomorrow? We _ (play) football.12. There _ (be) a football match on TV this evening.13. They said they _ (visit) the Great Wall the next summer holiday.14. Who _ (dance) the best in your class? 15. Will you come if he _ (not come)?16. The teacher told us the earth _

15、(move) round the sun. 17She _ (buy) a sweater yesterday.18. They _ (have) a party in the garden if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.19. I dont know if Mr.Wang _ (go) to Shanghai tomorrow. If he _ (go), I _ (ask) him _ (take) some books to my daughter, because she _ (study) there.III單項選擇：1.The students will

16、go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.dont rain B. doesnt rain C. wont rain2. There _ an English film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be3. The picture _ nice. A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking4. She _ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lai

17、n C. laid D. lay5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _ back next week.A. wil come B. came C. would come D. come7. Dont smoke until the plane _ off. A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take8. I saw her

18、_ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters9.the teacher asked us _ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes10. John is always _ others. A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help11. He told us _ at eight. A. working B. to work C. work D. worked12. Youd better _ at hom

19、e and _ your homework.A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do13. He sat down _ a rest. A. having B. have C. to have D. had14. Uncle Wang knows _ a washing machine.A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make15. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to Engla

20、nd.A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave二、 一般過去時（一）結(jié)構(gòu) 一般過去時用動詞的過去式表示?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)否定句一般疑問句Be動詞was/ were+notwas或were提前，放于句首行為動詞didnt+do（動詞原形）Did+主語+do（動詞原形）注：在一般過去時的句子中，謂語動詞可分為兩類一類是be動詞，其形式為was與第一、三人稱單數(shù)連用，were與第二人稱和復(fù)數(shù)人稱的主語連用。凡是由be動詞做謂語的句子，變否定句時，直接在其后加not,即wasnt 或werent，變一般疑問句將was/ were放在句首，句末用問號。另一類謂語動詞是由行為

21、動詞來充當(dāng)，如stayedwentvisited等,這一類動詞做謂語時，可與任何人稱連用，句子變否定時，要在主語后面，動詞的前面加didnt，動詞用原形；一般疑問句是把did提到句首，動詞用原形。I was in Shanghai last year .I wasnt in Shanghai last year . Was you in Shanghai last year ? He went to the park yesterday . He didnt go to the park yesterday ? Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式 1、

22、肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其他。 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、否定句：主語+wasnt 或werent+其他。 主語+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday . I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、一般疑問句：was/ were+主語+V原+其他？ Did +主語+V原+其他？ Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ?

23、 4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+ was/ were+主語+其他？特殊疑問詞+did+主語+V原+其他？ Where were you yesterday ? Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法 1、表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與明確的時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year),ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等連用。如： At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano

24、. 2、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在時間、條件狀語從句中，常用一般過去時態(tài)代替過去將來時。 He said he wouldnt go if it rained .（四）動詞過去式的規(guī)則變化1) 一般情況下, 在動詞原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 結(jié)尾是字母e 的動詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced；3) 結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y” 的動詞, 變“y”為“i” 再加ed, 如study studi

25、ed;4) 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾, 雙寫動詞尾的輔音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。不規(guī)則動詞表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could動詞過去式的記憶口訣動詞一般過去時, 表示過去發(fā)生事；be用was或用were,

26、have, has變had；謂語動詞過去式, 過去時間坐標(biāo)志；一般動詞加- ed, 若是特殊得硬記。否定句很簡單, 主語之后didnt添；疑問句也不難, did放在主語前；如果謂語之前有did, 謂語動詞需還原；動詞若是was, were, 否定就把not添。一般過去時練習(xí)題一、 寫出下列動詞的過去式1look 2. live 3. stop 4. carry 5.hope 6. trip 7. call 8. finish 9. want 10. are 11. go 12. have 13. do 14. get e 16. sayFill in the blanks. 1. _ she

27、_(sing)a song last night?2. -Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答) -_, _ _nobody.3. -_(be) they at work this morning? -Yes. They _ (have)a meeting together.4. -_ Joe _ (do)well in the long-distance running? -Yes, he _.5. Where _ Tinas Family_(go)last Summer? -They _ (go)to New York for their va

28、cation.二、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ an English teacher now.2. She _ happy yesterday.3. They _ glad to see each other last month.4. Helen and Nancy _ good friends.5. The little dog _ two years old this year.6. Look, there _ lots of grapes here.7. There _ a sign on the chair on Monday.8. Today _ the second of

29、 June. Yesterday _ the first of June. It _ Childrens Day. All the students _ very excited.三、用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _ to zoo yesterday, we _ to the park. (go)4. _ you _ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. _ he _

30、(fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _.6. Gao Shan _ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I _ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother _.8. What _ she _ (find) in the garden last morning?She _ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _ (have) a good ti

31、me last night.11. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day.12. 12. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.13. She likes _ newspapers, but she _ a book yesterday. (read)14. He _ football now, but they _ basketball just now. (play)15. Jims mother _ (plant) trees just now.16. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? N

32、o, they _.17. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.18 We _ (go) to school on Sunday.19. It _ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White _ (go) to his office by car.20. Gao Shan _ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.21. Dont _ the house. Mum _ it yesterday. (clean)22. What _ you _ just now? I _ some

33、 housework. (do)23. They _ (make) a kite a week ago.24. I want to _ apples. But my dad _ all of them last month. (pick)25. _ he _ the flowers this morning? Yes, he _. (water)26. She _ (be) a pretty girl. Look, she _ (do) Chinese dances.27. The students often _ (draw) some pictures in the art room.28

34、.What _ Mike do on the farm? He _ cows. (milk)三、一般將來時（一）概念表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）結(jié)構(gòu)1、由will +動詞原形構(gòu)成，其will適用于各種人稱，與主語連在一起時，常?？s寫為ll。變否定句時，只需在will后加not，可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中，will需提前，構(gòu)成will+主語+動詞原形的結(jié)構(gòu)。 He will arrive here this evening

35、.他今晚抵達這里。2、shall+動詞原形（常用于主語為第一人稱）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。3、be going to+動詞原形（打算、準備做某事） He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。（三）用法 1、表示在將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時間狀語，如：tomorrow, next day（week，month，year）， this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes，

36、 the day after tomorrow ,by， soon 等連用。I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you wont be late next time . 2、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導(dǎo)的時間或條件句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。Ill do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .一般將來時練習(xí)題一、單項選擇( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow aft

37、ernoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be

38、( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother

39、 _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to g

40、et D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving( )

41、 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating.A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15.

42、 - Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? - No, _ （不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C.

43、 going to do D. will doing( ) 18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park.A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they _ a volleyball match.A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is

44、 going to watch( ) 20. There _ a birthday party this Sunday. A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be( ) 21. They _ an English evening next Sunday. A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have( ) 22. _ you _ free next Sunday? A. Will; are B. Will; be C

45、. Do; be D. Are; be( ) 23. He _ there at ten tomorrow morning. A. will B. is C. will be D. be( ) 24. _ your brother _ a magazine from the library? A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows( ) 25. - Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? -_ （好的）. A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you wont.( ) 26. It _ the year of the horse next year. A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is( ) 27. _ open the window? A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you( ) 28. - Lets go ou