非謂語動詞在高考中的考點及易錯點

1、非謂語動詞在高考中的考點及易錯點一、規(guī)律方法1考查立意較低，主要考查的是非謂語的一些最基本的用法。但是，題目的設置注重了情景化和結構復雜化，加大了考生對題干句的理解難度。2設問的角度呈現出多樣化趨勢，不僅僅是非謂語間的互相干擾。二、命題趨勢不容置疑，高考將繼續(xù)加強對非謂語動詞的考查，試題的特征將繼續(xù)呈現出“情景化”和“設問角度的多樣化”的趨勢，但試題的難度將會有所控制。三、突破方法1非謂語動詞的用法是一個系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強的語言點，切不可記住幾個條條框框就去亂套。真正領悟非謂語動詞的用法要具備以下基礎知識： 具有句子結構的知識，要分得清簡單句與復合句，陳述句與祈使句。 具有簡單句最基本的五種句

2、型的知識，要分得清雙賓語和復合賓語。 具有扎實而豐富的動詞知識，要分得清及物動詞和不及物動詞，雙賓動詞和復賓動詞。一些最基礎最常用的動詞的用法應當爛熟于胸。 具備各種復合句的知識，能夠拆析30詞左右長度的復合長、難句。2理解分析非謂語動詞的句法功能，重點掌握不定式、動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別；不定式、分詞作補語的區(qū)別；不定式、分詞作狀語的區(qū)別；獨立主格的用法；不定式、分詞作定語的區(qū)別。四、非謂語題的解題總方法1. 先看四個答案：如果四個答案分別為動詞原形、不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞等情況，那么這個題多半是非謂語動詞題。2. 看符號：中間有個逗號，末尾有個句號（有時中間沒有逗號）；3. 看有沒有連接詞（

3、引導詞）。如果用逗號隔開的兩個部分都沒有連接詞的話，一部分是句子時，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的動詞就是非謂語動詞。4. 定語態(tài)：如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的主謂關系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主語（或動詞自帶的邏輯主語）與它是邏輯上的動賓關系（被動關系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。5. 定時態(tài)：如果非謂語的動作比謂語先（或先很久）發(fā)生，那么非謂語動詞要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否則我們要用非謂語的一般式（to do / to be do

4、ne / doing / being done / done）。Eg. 1._ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding 【1答案：B】五、非謂語動詞可能出現的考查點及易錯點一) 使用非謂動詞的語言結構。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句結構中，可能會考查“以動詞原形開頭”的祈使句，四個答案表面上象非謂語，其實考查的是謂語。2._hard and you will succe

5、ed in the exam.3. _hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【2、3答案：AA】2） 在“句子，非句子”結構中，非句子部分用非謂語。4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【4答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”結構中，非句子部分用非謂語：5. _wit

6、h children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【5答案：B】4) 在“with + 賓語+ 賓語補足語”結構中，賓語補足語可能用非謂語動詞：6. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 【6答案：D】7. With his hair _ like a role in the fil

7、m, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【7答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使讓動詞或感觀動詞后面作賓語補足語時，也可能用非謂語動詞。8. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.9. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【8、9答案： A B】1

8、0. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【10答案：B】二) 非謂語動詞考點易錯點：1） 表面上考分詞，實際上考形容詞的情況：11. _, he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【11答案：C】12. The man won a big prize, _and _.A. surprised ; happ

9、y B. surprising ; happy C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【12答案：A】13. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【13答案：B】14. The students _ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.A. intere

10、st B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【14答案：C】2) 在“被動形式表主動”情況中出題：15. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. Wear C. Dressed in D. Dressing 【15答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示動作時，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已經演變成形容詞，本是其實可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而來的。

11、)16. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【16答案：D】 （Sit是動詞，這里應該用sitting; seat作動詞時，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且這個詞一般用被動形式表示主動意義。）3） 在“主動形式表被動”的情況中出題：17. _ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D.

12、 Looking 【17答案：D】 （look在本題中不是實意動詞，而是感觀系動詞，系動詞在非謂語中用主動式表被動。）18. With many problems _ _ , the newly selected president will have a hard time.A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【18答案：B】（用with開頭的部分在這里是一個介詞短語，不是句子，因此用非謂語，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”時是系動詞，只能

13、用主動形式；problems與unsettle是動賓關系或被動關系，所以用過去分詞unsettled.）19. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【19答案： A】（賓語補足語中的動詞用非謂語動詞；雖然衣服應該是被洗，但是當句子主語與不定式為主謂關系時，我們用主動形式表被動。） 20. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B.

14、Writing C. being written D. Written 【20答案 ：B】 （20解析：動詞如果不是表示動作，而是表示物體具有某種性質或特征時，往往用主動形式表示被動。）4）從“主語一致或主語不一致”角度出題：逗號分開的前后兩部分有時邏輯主語一致，有時邏輯主語不一致。邏輯主語不一致時，非謂語動詞一般要自帶邏輯主語，這種現象叫做“分詞的獨立主格結構?！?1. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 【21答案：C】21解析：空格處的動

15、詞本身沒有帶主語，那么本句的主語the mountain就要做其邏輯主語，由于the mountain與see是動賓關系，所以我們選用過去分詞。22. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】 A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting22 解析：permit與I沒有主謂關系，也沒有動賓關系，permit自帶了邏輯主語time(“時間允許的話”)，而time與permit為邏輯上的主謂關系，所以用現在分詞的獨立結構。三）

16、 注意的幾點：1） 有些分詞有時可作分詞有時又可作形容詞。23. _ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案C】24. _ with difficulties, we should not give in.【24答案B】A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face23、24解析：23題中的face是一個動詞，由于與Liu Hunan是邏輯上的主謂關系，我們用現在分詞形式，；24題中實際上考查了be faced with這一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容詞。25. The president of South Africa

17、flied to Libya, _ to help solve the crisis.26. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ at helping solve the crisis.A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25選B 26選C】25、26解析：25題考查了動詞aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，；26題考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容詞27. Though _ money, his parents sent hi

18、m to a key university.28. Though _ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.29. Though in _ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27選B、28選B、29選A】27、28、29解析：27題中非謂語動詞lacking（與his parents及money分別構成邏輯上的主謂關系和動賓關系）；28題中考查了固定搭配：be lacking in(

19、“缺少”)，其中的lacking 為形容詞；29題考查了固定搭配（介賓結構）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名詞，這其實是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主語和were而業(yè)的2） 作結果狀語時，doing與(only)to do的區(qū)別。表示結果狀語時，現在分詞（v+ing）表示意料之中的結果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的結果：30. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_ him an orphan.A. leave B. leav

20、ing C. left D. to leave 【30選B】30解析：他父母出了事故，他變成了孤兒就是意料之中在事情了，用現在分詞表結果狀語。 31. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday. 【31選D】A. find B. finding C. found D. to find31解析：發(fā)現是星期天是我匆忙趕到學校意料之外的結果，說明我忘記了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能還匆忙地趕到學校了。用不定式表意料之外的的結果。3） 作主語時，非謂語動詞之to do 與doing 的區(qū)別。32. _is a good form of exercis

21、e for both young and old. 【32選B】A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk不定式做主語常表示具體的一次性的動作;動句詞表示一般的經常性的動作，多次散步才會有利于健康。4） 演變成了介詞或連詞的分詞。英語中有些詞表面上看是分詞，但實際上已經變成了介詞，因此應該用ing形式還是分詞ed形式已經變得約定俗成了。這時往往不適用非謂動詞規(guī)則，而是看英美人士的習慣。33. _her age, she looks quite youngA. Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Conside

22、ring33解析：題意是：“就她的年齡而論，她顯得十分年輕。”這里的considering表示“考慮到；鑒于”，它已經變成了介詞，不管是“考慮還是被考慮”這里都用considering。高中階段我們還學過的有：介詞concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to關于關于根據；按照包括因為；由于連詞givensupposingseeing (that)imagingproviding/provided鑒于假如因為；既然假如假如5） 有些非謂語動詞是省略而來的，有些則不是。34. _ by her mother, the girl burst int

23、o tears. 【34選B】A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold34解析：scold與the girl是動賓關系，因此用過去分詞作原因狀語；其實這個句子也是由一個完整的原因狀語從句省略來的。原句為：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears.當主從復合句的主語一致，且謂語動詞里有be 動詞時，可以把“連詞+主語+be”部分省略。35. _ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert m

24、ore or less. 【35選B】A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study35解析：逗號前面部分不是句子省略而來，由于he 與study是邏輯上的主謂關系，加上study在先（有5年了），被 叫做“專家”在后，所以用非謂語動詞的主動完成式6） “連詞+分詞”和“介詞+動名詞”的區(qū)別。36. if _ another hour, I would have finished it better.(give的恰當形式填空)。37. While _ homework, the boy likes listeni

25、ng to light music.(do的恰當形式填空)6、37解析：36.given 是由if I had been given another hour省略來的，if 在省略前省略后都是連詞；37.doing 是由while the boy are doing homework省略來的，while在省略前后都是連詞38. After _, he found a job as a secretary in a company.(graduate的恰當形式填空)39. Before_ a proper person to be the new president, the old presi

26、dent wouldnt resign.(select的恰當形式填空)38、39解析：38. graduating/graduation after 這時是個介詞，所以后面總是用動名詞，如果改為after he graduated，那么這個after就變成了連詞。39題中的before用法與after 一樣，后面加句子時，是連詞，后面只加一個動詞時，要用動名詞形式，并充當介詞。所以39填selecting非謂語動詞專練1. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring C. the

27、re was someone knocking at the door D. we heard the doorbell rung2. China is known greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.A. to changeB. having changed C. changing D. to have changed3. Im afraid well have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems _.A. remaining

28、to settle B. remaining to be settledC. remained to talk aboutD. to remain to discuss4. We tried hard, and eventually, we were able to get Mike _ us his car just for a day. A. lending B. lend C. to lend D. lent 5. The local government is trying all out to find out who is _ the forest fire.A. to blame

29、 for starting B. to blame to startC. to be blamed for startingD. to be blamed to start6. The railway bridge _ by 2012 will provide a faster route to transport goodsA. to be completed B. is completed C. completed D. being completed 7. All the class except Eddie, who is ill, _ there.A. were expecting

30、going B. is expected to goC. was expecting going D. are expected to go8. The Haiti earthquake at the beginning of 2010 is believed _ more than 100,0130 people and makes millions homeless, _ it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history.A. to kill; making B. to have killed; making C. having ki

31、lled; to make D. killing; made9. I only know we will have a League meeting, but I have no idea when _ itA. shall we have B. will we have C. to have D. having10. What are you busy with? The conference_in our city next week, as you know.A. held B. will be held C. be holding D. to be held11. An air Fra

32、nce jet is reported _ in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard，the airlines worst disaster in its 75-year historyA. to have crashed B. to have been crashedC. having crashed D. having been crashed12.Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary _ next year.A. to publish B. being publish

33、edC. publishedD. to be published13. The 2010 World Expo _ in Shanghai is expected to attract more than 70 million visitors from home and abroad.A. to hold B. to be held C. heldD. to be holding14. When the telephone rang, I happened_in the kitchen, but when I came over to get it, it rang off.A. to co

34、ok B. to have cooked C. to be cooking D. having cooked15. Im wondering why the visitors chose to stay with the host family. _real local life.A. Experiencing B. ExperienceC. To experience D. Having experienced16. Why do you want the radio so much? _ to the news, sir.A. ListeningB. ListensC. ListenedD

35、. To listen17. The government has done everything it can the buried miners.A. to save B. saving C. save D. saved18. _ people have food and water, the government has sent enough supplies to quake-hit Yushu.A. Make sure B. To make sure C. Making sure D. Made sure19. Our teachers often tell us, “the ha

36、rder you study, the more questions you will think of _.”A. asking B. to ask C. being asked D. to be asked 20. To greatly raise peoples living conditions, _.A. all kinds of measures have takenB. they have taken all kinds of measuresC. it is said that they have taken all kinds of measuresD. I think th

37、ey have taken all kinds of measures21._ the growing number of patients, the clinic had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.A. To accommodate B. Accommodating C. Being accommodated D. Accommodated 22. Ted and his friends established a website offering useful information about th

38、understorms _ similar accidents happening.A. prevent B. preventingC. to prevent D. prevented23._ more about Participant Service of Expo 2010, Shanghai China, call Hotline +86-21-962010. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out24. He hurried to the hotel, only _ his girlfriend ha

39、d left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told25. _60 miles a day, you need your mountain bike in a very good state.A. Cover B. Covered C. To cover D. Having covered26. Our monitor, _ it clear to us that he didnt want to waste time playing computer gamesleft the Internet bar quickly.A. made B. h

40、aving made C. making D. had made27. _ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven28. _ the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theoryA. Reading B. Having read C. To read D. Read29. Come on, please give

41、me some ideas about the project. Sorry, with so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled30. The manager, _his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known31. The 82n

42、d Oscars Academy Awards, _ the best in film for 2009, was held on Sunday, March 7, 2010.A. to honorB. honoringC. honoredD. having honored32. The Hotel Al Arab _ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.Awas considered Bconsidering Cbeing consider

43、ed Dconsidered33. In 1888, a major French newspaper announced the death of Nobel in an article _ “The merchant of death is dead”, which indicated that Nobel was only thought of as one _ from killing.A. read; profitingB. read; to profitC. reading; profited D. reading; profiting34. Nowadays, many peop

44、le _ about eating habits _ what they believe.A. take choices; base on B. make choices; based onC. do choices; basing on D. have choices; to base on35. China has a population of 1.3 billion, _ it the largest country in the world by population.A. making B. made C. makes D. to make36. _ three times in

45、a row ,the boxer decided to give up fighting.AHaving defeatedBTo have defeatedCHaving been defeatedDTo have been defeated37. _ after a long walk, Henry called and said he couldnt come for our party.AHaving worn out BWearing outCWorn out DTo be worn out38. According to the report, people in the _ are

46、as are rebuilding their homes and many roads _ to the areas have been repaired.Aflooded; lead Bflooding; leadingCflooding; to leadDflooded; leading39. What are on show in the museum? Some pictures _ by middle-school students.A. taking B. having been takenC . taken D. being taken40. They plan to go a

47、broad for a holiday with all the task _ahead of time.A. to finish B. finished C. finishing D. having finished41. _, in some areas the electricity was cut off, _ residents in 8 counties spend their lunar New Years Eve in darkness.A. Making matters worse, makingB. What was worse, to makeC. Worse still

48、, makingD. To make matters worse, to make42. From the school name _ on the package, we guessed that it might belong to a student of our school.A. to mark B. marking C. marked D. having been marked43. In summer, food will go bad if _ in room temperature.Aleaving Bleft Cbeing left Dhaving left44. Once

49、 _ this city, youll find that there is so much surprise waiting for you to discover.Avisiting Bvisit Cvisited Dto visit45. Subway Line 4, _ into use in September 2009，has made traveling in Beijing easier Ahaving been put Bputting Cbeing put Dput46. - Is there any possibility of the film _ in Paris I

50、nternational Festival? - Not in the least, because the audience generally think little of it. A. trying out B. tried out C. to try out D. being tried out47. With three children _ school, the couple have to leave their hometown in the countryside and work in big cities throughout the year.A. attendin

51、gB. to attendingC. attendedD. being attended48. When I came in, I found Lucy_by the window _to music.A. seated； listening B. seated; listenedC. seating ； listened D. seating ； listening49. You should understand the math problem now, you have had it _three times.A. explaining B. to explain C. explain

52、ed D. explain50. Stella was disappointed to find her new plan and fell into great depression.Aput awayBcarried out Cturned down Dleft out非謂語專練習題解析1B考查非謂語動詞及狀語從句的省略。根據watching television可知，主句的主語為“我們”，并且hear后接不帶to的不定式作賓補。故選B。2D考查不定式的完成時。根據over the past few years可知動作已經完成。故用不定式的完成時。3B考查非謂語動詞的用法。句意：我恐怕不得

53、不加班了，因仍有一些問題有待處理。根據句意問題被解決可知選B。4C考查動詞搭配及非謂語動詞。此處考查短語get sb to do sth使某人做某事。5A考查非謂語動詞的用法。此處to blame用不定式的主動形式表被動；介詞for后用動名詞。6A考查非謂語動詞的用法。不定式作定語表示將來的動作。7D考查非謂語動詞及主謂一致的用法。句意：除了Eddie班里的所有學生都期望去那里。8B be believed to have done sth據信已經做了某事；making it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history為現在分詞短語作結果狀語。9C “wh疑問詞 + 不定式”結構作賓語、表語或者同位語，表示（將來）要做的事情，等于從句：When we sha