高一第一冊unit3

1、高一第一冊unit 3 A taste of travelReading: 1.taste: n. 1) 味道 e.g. Sugar has a sweet taste.2) 品味 e.g. Mike has really bad taste in clothes.3)short experience 經(jīng)歷(嘗試，初次體驗有限的成功，初次的經(jīng)歷) a taste of success 成功的經(jīng)歷v. taste: 嘗起來 感官性動詞（無被動）taste delicious/ sweet/ fresh同類： smell, look, etc. 后面都是用形容詞2. twist： vi. 1) 盤

2、旋，蜿蜒twist and turn: 迂回曲折The rocky hills makes the building twist and turn around it. 多巖石的山丘使建筑扭轉(zhuǎn)變形。vt. 1) 曲解，扭曲 e.g. Dont twist my words, Larry. 不要曲解我的意思，拉里。2)編織 twist sth into/around sth e.g. She twist the wire into the shape of a star. adj. twisted 扭傷的，扭曲的 a twisted knee3. northern China： 華北地區(qū)nort

3、hern：adj：北方的 in the northern part of + 地點比較 north: 1)n. 北方 in/to the north of 地點： 不加part2)adj. 朝向北面的 e.g. The north side of the building does not get much sun.3)adv. 在北方，向北方 e.g. The bird fly north in the summer.4. It is more than 4000 kilometers long. = .4000 kilometers in length.用英語表達(dá)人的身高或物的長寬高時，形

4、容詞往往放在計量單位后面。e.g. 這個房間長5米，寬4米，高3米。5.construction: n. 建造 vt. construct 建造： be constructed of/from sth 由建成的e.g. This high building is constructed of concrete and glass. adj. constructive 建設(shè)性的比較：build, construct1) 解釋為“建筑，建造”時：Build: to make sth, esp. a building, by putting parts togetherConstruct: （oft

5、en passive） to build or make sth such as a road, building or machine.2) 各自都有的特殊含義：Build: a. to create or develop sth 創(chuàng)建；開發(fā) e.g. Shes built a new career for herself. We want to build a better life. This information will help us build a picture of his attacker. b. (of a feeling) to become gradually st

6、ronger e.g. The tension and excitement built gradually all day.Build n. 體形，體格，身材 e.g. a man of average build 中等身材的人construct: a. to form sth by putting different things together; put together e.g. You must learn how to construct a logical argument. to construct a theory, a well-constructed novel 構(gòu)思巧

7、妙的小說 b. （按照數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)則）編制，繪制 e.g. to construct a triangle.6.take shape: 成形e.g. 城市也大約在同時開始現(xiàn)出雛形，而這并非巧合。7.north-west：1) n. 西北,西北方 e.g. There is a large hilly area in the northwest. 2）adj.西北的,在西北的,來自西北的 The city is located in the northwest part of Canada. The park is northwest from the city.3）adv.向西北 e.g. The

8、tourists drove northwest.8.design:vt. 設(shè)計e.g. This house was designed by Jack.Be designed for sth. 為而設(shè)計e.g. This book is designed for the middle school students.Be designed to do sth 為做某事而設(shè)計的e.g. These exercises are designed to strengthen muscles.design: n. 設(shè)計，圖案plete：1)vt. 完成e.g. 下個月底我們可以完成這個項目了。2)

9、adj.完全的e.g. 警察完全掌控的局面。10.The building is a magnificent structure with a square base and a round top.這是一個帶有正方形底座和圓頂?shù)暮陚ソㄖ?。with ：介詞 prep. 1.）與.一起,偕同,和. e.g. She lives with her son. 2.）帶著.;有.的 e.g. The girl with long hair is my classmate. 3.）以(手段、材料),用(工具) e.g. My American friend is learning to eat with

10、 chopsticksbase：n. 1) 底座 e.g. The lamp has a heavy base. 這盞燈的底座很沉。2）根據(jù)，出發(fā)點 e.g. She used her familys history as a base for her novel. His arguments have a sound economic base.3) (支持、收入、力量等的) 來源，源泉 e.g. The policies have a broad base of support. 4) 據(jù)點，總部，大本營 e.g. The company has its base in New York,

11、 and branch offices all over the world.5) 基地： a military/ naval base, an air basev. 以為基礎(chǔ) be based on e.g. This passage is based on the vocabulary. 以.為基地 base . in , be based in.Adj. 卑鄙的，不道德的 e.g. He acted from base motives. 他的行為動機(jī)卑鄙。 basic adj. 基本的（ to sth），初級的，基本需要的（basic human rights），基本的；沒有附加成分的（

12、basic pay） basics n. 基本因素（或原理，規(guī)則等），基本設(shè)施；基本需要比較：basis, foundationBasis:1) the reason why people take a particular action 原因；緣由e.g. She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualification. Some videos have been banned on the basis that they are too violent.2) 準(zhǔn)則，方式，基準(zhǔn) on a regular/ permanent/ par

13、t-time/ temporary basis以定期/永久/兼職/臨時性的方式on a daily/ day-to-day / weekly basis 按每天/每日/每周一次的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)3）the important facts, ideas or events that support sth and that it can develop from基礎(chǔ)，要素e.g. The basis of a good marriage is trust. This article will form the basis for our discussion.Foundation:1) 通常復(fù)數(shù)：地基，房基

14、，基礎(chǔ) lay the foundations 2) 基本原理，基礎(chǔ)，根據(jù)e.g. Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage. These stories have no foundation. 這些故事純屬虛構(gòu)。3）基金會4）（機(jī)構(gòu)或組織的）創(chuàng)建，創(chuàng)辦11. distance: n. 距離at a distance: 在稍遠(yuǎn)處，不是離得很遠(yuǎn) e.g. The detective followed him at a distance.Keep sb at a distance: 與某人保持距離。 E.g. Sh

15、e likes to keep people at a distance.In the distance: 在遠(yuǎn)處 e.g. You can see the building in the distance over there. distant： adj 遙遠(yuǎn)的，冷漠的e.g. Mary gazed at the distant hills.After the quarrel, Susan remained cold and distant.12.container: n. 容器 v. contain 容納，包含He opened the bag, which contained a tow

16、el and a soap. 13. include: vt. 包括，（總的里面包括）e.g. Our tour party included several retired couples.These books include English, Chinese and Maths ones.反義詞: exclude: v. 不包括，防止進(jìn)入Including sth, sth included 14. historical: 與歷史有關(guān)的historical items: 歷史文物historic： 具有重大歷史意義的e.g. A historic meeting between two

17、partiesSong Jiang is a historical figure.15.civilization: n. 文明，文化 v. civilize 使文明The Romans hoped to civilize all the tribes of Europe. Adj. civil 公民的 civil rights 民權(quán)16.admit：v.承認(rèn)admit that+從句 e.g. I admit that I have made a mistake.admit doing sth e.g. She admitted eating her sisters cake.sb be ad

18、mitted to some place 被允許進(jìn)入某地e.g. 這個建筑物有歷史意義并且很珍貴，所以每次只能允許100人進(jìn)入。 n. admittance （formal）入場權(quán)，進(jìn)入n. admission 準(zhǔn)許加入，進(jìn)入權(quán) (the admission to sth.), 承認(rèn)，招供(the admission of sth) 入場費，門票費17.scenery: n. 風(fēng)景，景色5個表示風(fēng)景的詞的辨析：scene 多指一個地點的場景,比如犯罪現(xiàn)場 crime scene scenery 多說的是風(fēng)景，指一個國家或某一地區(qū)的整體自然風(fēng)景。 I also like scenery of S

19、wiss . sight 表示眼所能及之處的場景和景象. 也可虛指人的觀點 ，見解She averted her eyes from the terrible sight. view 多指從遠(yuǎn)處或高處所見的景色 ，從一點上看下去。如： the view on the top of the mountainLandscape： 風(fēng)景，山水畫18. attract：vt. 吸引Sth / sb attract sb to sth: 某物吸引某人 被動：be attracted to sth/sb 被某人某物吸引e.g. 吸引我做這份工作的是有旅游的機(jī)會。n. attraction: 吸引，吸引人的

20、事/物，游樂場里的游樂設(shè)施 adj. attractive 吸引人的19. reflection：n. 1）映像，倒影 2）深思，反思v. reflect :1)反射White clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat.The moon reflects the suns rays.2)反映 e.g. Does this letter really reflect the students view?reflect on sth 對的反思,深思e.g. Take some time to reflect on your future pl

21、ans.詞組：1. a taste of travel 旅游的經(jīng)歷2. places of interest 名勝古跡（= tourist attractions, scenic spots, tourist spots）3. twist and turn 迂回曲折4. mountain chains 山脈5. northern China 華北地區(qū)6. take shape 成形7. be designed to do sth 為做某事而設(shè)計的8. be designed for sth. 為而設(shè)計9. at a distance 在稍遠(yuǎn)處10. keep sb at a distance

22、與某人保持距離11. in the distance 在較遠(yuǎn)處（有點距離）12. preserve sb/sth from sth 保護(hù)某人某物以防13. admit doing sth 承認(rèn)做某事14. sb be admitted to some place 被允許進(jìn)入某地15. a beautiful landscape painting 一副美麗的山水畫16. reflect on sth 對反思/深思17. take mud baths 洗泥澡18. be based on sth 以為基礎(chǔ)More reading:1. remains: n. 1)剩余物，殘余 e.g. The r

23、emains of the meal 吃剩下的飯2)古建筑的遺跡，遺址 e.g. The remains of ancient Rome 古羅馬的遺跡3)殘骸，遺體 e.g. His body remains are buried in the churchyard.v. remain: 1) 剩下，遺留If you take 3 from 8, 5 remains.2)留待以后說，以后做sth remains to be done 某事留待以后再做It remains to be seen whether you are right or not.3)逗留，停留，留下I remained i

24、n London until May.4) 仍然是，保持不變 e.g. He remained silent.Although they have quarreled, they remained the best of friends.2. pride: n. 驕傲adj: proud 自豪的take pride in sb/sth = be proud of 對某人某事感到自豪e.g. He takes great pride in his childrens success.3.abandon: v. 遺棄，拋棄an abandoned car 一輛被遺棄的車 He abandoned

25、all hopes.Abandon yourself to sth 陷入，沉湎于某種情感e.g. He abandoned himself to despair. abandon n. 放任，放縱 e.g. He signed checks with careless abandon. 他無顧忌得亂開支票。 abandoned adj. 被拋棄的，放縱的n. abandonment 放棄，拋棄4. access：vt. 到達(dá) access： n. 進(jìn)入have access to 允許進(jìn)入e.g. The public dont have access to the site. Adj. ac

26、cessible 可以進(jìn)入的，可以到達(dá)的 sth be accessible to sb/ sthe.g. The cove is only accessible by boat.5. fall into ruin: 破敗不堪ruin：v. to spoil or destroy sth completely 完全破壞，摧毀，毀滅e.g. The rain ruined our holiday.e.g. It will ruin nations and in their ruin they will strike out. ruin：n. 破產(chǎn) Lead to ones ruin 導(dǎo)致某人破產(chǎn)

27、 e.g. Joes rashness led to his ruin.6.imagine: v. 想象1)imagine that e.g. Try to imagine that you are a tourist arriving in London for the first time.2)Imagine( sb )doing sth. Its hard to imagine working in a place like that.3) Imagine sb/sth as 把想象成I never knew my grandmother but I always imagine her

28、 as a kind, gentle person. adj. imaginative 富有想象力的,有創(chuàng)造力的a imaginative child 富有想象力的孩子 imaginative writing 創(chuàng)新的寫作 adj. imaginable 可想象的 adj. imaginary 虛構(gòu)的e.g. All the characters in this book are imaginary. n. imagination 想象力 e.g. Children often have vivid imaginations.7.overlook: v. 1）俯瞰e.g. My room ove

29、rlook Hyde park.We can overlook the sea from here.2）忽視e.g. It is easy to overlook a small detail like that.3)忽略e.g. Ill overlook your mistake this time.8.be made of sth: 由制成的 （材料看的到的）be made from sth 由制成的(經(jīng)過化學(xué)變化的，材料看不到的）e.g. The containers should be made of dark glass.Paper can be made from wood 詞組：

30、1. sth remains to be done 某事留待以后再做2. take pride in = be proud of 感到自豪3. have access to sth 允許進(jìn)入4. fall into ruin 殘破不堪5. imagine doing sth 想象做某事6. imagine sb/sth as 把想象成7. be made of 由制成 （材料看的到的）8. be made from 由制成（材料看不見的，需化學(xué)變化）高中英語語法：被動一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變

31、化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時 2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時4） was/were done 一般過去時5） had been done 過去完成時6） was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時7） shall/will be done 一般將來時8） should/would be done 過去將來時9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）10） should/would hav

32、e been done 過去將來完成時（少用）2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例The baby should/ ought to be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.或者：His mother gave a present to him for his b

33、irthday. A present was given to him for his birthday by his mother.類似的詞：tell sb sth/ tell sth to sb, write sb sth/ write sth to sb, bring, ask, teach, lend, sendBuy/ make/ draw 通常用介詞for3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught sm

34、oking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.Hear sb doing sth 變成被動，sb be heard doing sth5) 有些相當(dāng)于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞介詞”，“動詞副詞”

35、等，也可以用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達(dá)被動意義

36、,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛?。㏕he door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How d

37、o the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何引出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.三、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require, bear等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。例The house needs repairing（to be repaire

38、d）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill

39、go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)4. 在某些“形容詞不定式”做表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子的主語或賓語又是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，這時常用不定式的主動形式表達(dá)被動意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了fo

40、r me）.5 在too to結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式前面可加邏輯主語，所以應(yīng)用主動形式表示被動意義。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，當(dāng)動詞不定式修飾名詞作定語時，不定式用主動式作定語，重點在人，用被動形式作定語，重點在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，誰 lost time不明確。）7. 在be to do結(jié)構(gòu)中的一些不定式通常應(yīng)用主動表主動, 被動表被動。然而,由于古英語的影響,下列動詞re

41、nt,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?四、介詞in, on, under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動意義表示方位的介詞與含動作意義的名詞合用，含被動之義，其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式，名詞前一般不用冠詞。1. “under +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“某事在進(jìn)行中”。常見的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治療中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在討論中）, under construction（在施工中）

42、。例The building is under construction( is being constructed).2“beyond+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，“出乎勝過、范圍、限度”。常見的有：beyond belief (令人難以置信)， beyond ones reach（鞭長莫及），beyond ones control（無法控制），beyond our hope 我們的成功始料不及。例The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed）3.“above+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“(品質(zhì)、行為、能力等) 超過、高于”。例His honest character

43、is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough4“for+名 詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示 “適于、 為著”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).5“in+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) ，表示“在過程中或范圍內(nèi)”常見的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在視野范圍內(nèi))，等。例The book is not yet in print(=is not yet printed)6“on+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu), 表示“在從事 中”。常見的有：on s