高中二輪英語語法復(fù)習(xí)講解-動詞過去分詞(1)

1、高中英語必修五語法Unit 1-3高考英語語法之過去分詞一、當(dāng)過去分詞作為表語The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別:過去分詞作表語,主要是表示主語的狀態(tài),而被動語態(tài)則表示動作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. (2) The library is now closed. 高考資源網(wǎng)【注意】過去分詞表示被動或完成, -ing 形式表示主動或進(jìn)行.有些動詞如 interest, bore, worry, surpris

2、e, frighten 等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人,用 -ing 形式來修飾物. (3) The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 二、當(dāng)過去分詞作為定語 1. 過去分詞用作定語,如果是單個的,常置于其所修飾的名詞之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 2. 過去分詞短語用作定語時,一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后,其意義相當(dāng)于一個定語從句,但較從句簡潔,多用于書面語中. The concert given by their friends was a succes

3、s.3.過去分詞短語有時也可用作非限制性定語,前后常有逗號. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4. 用來修飾人的過去分詞有時可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物,這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人,但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān). The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視. 三、當(dāng)過去分詞作為狀語 1. 過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動的和完成的動作. (1) Written in a hurry, thi

4、s article was not so good! 因為寫得匆忙,這篇文章不是很好. 【注意】有些過去分詞表狀態(tài): lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (駐扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿著); tired of (厭煩). (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.2. 過去分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語為主句的主語,此時應(yīng)注意人稱一致. (1) Given another hour, I

5、 can also work out this problem. (2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. (1) The signal given, the bus started. (2) Her head held high, she went by. 3. 過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句. (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 原因狀語 (2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

6、 條件狀語【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時有時還可保留連詞,構(gòu)成連詞+過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語. When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 4. 過去分詞作狀語的位置.過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語,后面有逗號與主句隔開;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗號與主句隔開. He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently. 他靜靜地站在那里,被感動得熱淚盈眶. 四、當(dāng)過去分詞作為賓語補(bǔ)足語 (一)能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞

7、有以下四類: 1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等. (1) I heard the song sung in English. (2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 2. 表示致使意義的動詞.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等. (1) Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. (2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. (

8、3) Dont leave those things undone. 3. 表示思維活動的動詞如consider， know， think等后。如： (1) I consider the matter settled. (2) I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 4. 表示愛憎意愿的動詞如want， wish， like， hate等后。如： (1) I wanted two tickets reserved. (2) He didnt wish it mentioned. 【注意】過去分詞所表示的動作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系.

9、 (二)使役動詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況. 1. 過去分詞所表示的動作由他人完成. He had his money stolen.他的錢給偷了.(被別人偷去了) 2. 過去分詞所表示的動作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿斷了. (自己的經(jīng)歷) 五、with +賓語+過去分詞的結(jié)構(gòu) 此結(jié)構(gòu)中,過去分詞用作介詞 with的賓語補(bǔ)足語.這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時間,方式,條件,原因等狀語. (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. (2) With w

10、ater heated, we can see the steam. (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. (4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. (5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. C動詞的-ed形式作定語 動詞的-ed形式作定語修飾名詞分為前置和后置兩類。 1前置定語 單個的動詞的-ed形式作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前，作前置定語。 A watched pot never

11、 boils. All the broken doors and windows have been repaired. When we arrived, we each were given a printed question paper. 提示： 如要表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，單個動詞-ed形式也可作后置定語。 Money spent is more than money earned. 2后置定語 作后置定語的-ed形式一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分，在語法上相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 We have read many novels written by this author. （= that are wr

12、itten by this author） Half of the honoured guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors. （= who had been invited to the reception） The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. (= which was attended by one thousand students) A woman, dressed like a lawyer, came in and to

13、ok her seat as judge. (= who was dressed like a lawyer) 3動詞的-ed形式作定語和-ing形式作定語的區(qū)別 動詞的-ed形式作定語表示動作已完成或和被動，而-ing形式作定語表示動作正在進(jìn)行或和主動。 the risen sun the rising sun boiled water boiling water developed countries developing countries fallen leaves falling leaves changed condition changing condition D動詞的-ed形

14、式作狀語 動詞的-ed形式作狀語和-ing形式作狀語一樣，也可以表示時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨情況等。 1表示時間 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示時間，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句。 Seen from the tower, the city looks beautiful. （= When the city is seen from the tower.） Shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. （= After we had been shown the lab.） Completely examined by the doctors

15、, he went back to school right away. (= After he was completely examined.) 提示： 有時動詞的-ed形式前可加連詞when或while來強(qiáng)調(diào)時間概念。 When asked why she was late for class again, she hung her head in shame. Once recovered, he went all out to do his work. Once started, the clock will go half a month and keep good time. 2

16、. 表示原因 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀語從句。 Moved by the heroic deeds, the children couldnt help crying. （= Since they were moved by the heroic deeds .） Written in haste, her letter is very hard to read.（=As it was written in haste .） Excited by the new discovery, we decided to go out and celebrate. (Becaus

17、e we were excited by.) 注意： 為了使-ed形式表示的條件、動詞讓步意義更加明顯，我們可以加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞。 Even if invited,I wontgo. Though beaten by the opposite team,they did not lose heart. Unless invited,he will not come back to the company. 3. 表示條件 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。 Heated, water changes into steam. （= If water is heated.） G

18、iven more time, he would be able to do better. （= If he was given more time .） Compared with other professors, she was an excellent speaker. 4. 表示讓步 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個thoughalthough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber. （= Although they were exhausted by the r

19、unning .） Laughed at by many people, he continued his research. （= Even if he was laughed by many people .） Questioned many times a day, Andrew kept silent over the murder. 提示： 有時動詞的-ed形式作狀語和動詞的-ing形式的被動式作狀語，并沒有多大的區(qū)別，可以互換。 Suddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. = Being su

20、ddenly seized with a high fever, he was unable to attend school. Brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. = Having been brought up in the countryside, he found it hard to get used to town life. 5表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明。 動詞的-ed形式作狀語表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明時，通常位于句子的后面，相當(dāng)于一個并列分句。 The

21、teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. （= and he was surrounded by the students） He went into the office, followed by some children. (= and he was followed by some children) They turned around and stood in the middle of the room, completely astonished. She accepted the gift, deeply moved.

22、注意： 動詞的-ed形式在句中不能用作主語或賓語。 【誤】Invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 【正】To be invited to the state banquet is a great honour. 被邀請出席國宴是極大的榮耀。 【誤】I cannot stand laughed at. 【正】I cannot stand being laughed at. 我不能容忍被人嘲笑。一、 動詞的-ed形式的邏輯主語 A動詞的-ed形式在句中作狀語和表語時，它的邏輯主語一般來說就是句子的主語，-ed形式和主語之間是被動關(guān)系。 Loc

23、ked up, he had no way to escape. Lost in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. She became discouraged at the news. Though it was 1000 a.m., the door of the shop remained locked. B當(dāng)動詞的-ed形式在句中作定語時，它的邏輯主語是被它修飾的名詞，它和名詞之間是被動關(guān)系。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign

24、 language came out in the 16th century. The computer center, opened last year, is very popular among the students in this school A lighted candle lit up the cellar. C當(dāng)動詞的-ed形式在句中作賓語補(bǔ)語或主語補(bǔ)語時，它的邏輯主語是句子的主語或賓語，它們之間的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系。 Vivien got her fingers trapped in the bicycle chain. （trapped的邏輯主語是句子的賓語fingers）

25、 The valuable vase was found stolen. （stolen的邏輯主語是句子的主語vase） We got home only to find the whole house turned upside down. Thieves obviously had broken in. D動詞的-ed形式有時可有其獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，常用作狀語 Everything done, we went home. All our money run out, Henry had to find another job. He was lying on the grass, his h

26、ands crossed under his head. All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off. E動詞的-ed形式作獨(dú)立成分。 動詞的-ed形式的一些固定詞組也可在句中作獨(dú)立成分，不受邏輯主語的限制。 Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 過去分詞專項練習(xí)1.

27、Mr. Smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. A. tired; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tiring; boring2. On getting to the kindergarten, the mother was glad to see her baby well _.A. looked for B. cared for C. take care of D. cared after3. The two old sisters, _ so long, held eac

28、h other and burst into tears.A. being separated B. having been separated C. having separated D. had been separated4. Lets have a rest. The _ work made me very _. A. tired; tired B. tiring; tiring C. tired; tiring D. tiring; tired5. Just as the value of a telephone network increases with each new pho

29、ne _ to the system, so does the value of a computer system increase with each program that turns out.A. adding B. to have added C. to add D. added6. As we all know, newspapers, magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us _ about what is happening in the world. A. informing B. t

30、o inform C. informed D. being informed7. Everyone was _ by his _ progress which he made during the two months. A. surprised; surprise B. surprised; surprised C. surprised; surprising D. surprising; surprising8. When he turned around, he found a pair of eyes _ him. A. looking B. watch at C. fixing on

31、 D. staring at9. The film you saw last light was made _ on a true story that happened many years ago. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing10. After _ his work, the teacher came to help me with my English. A. finished B. being finished C. having finished D. be finishing11. Follow the directions

32、on the bottle carefully when _the medicine. A. you will take B. taking C. to take D. taken12. The students, _ their teachers, came home.A. followed B. follow C. following D. will follow 13. The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in peoples sadness, _ no result. A. reached B. to re

33、ach C. would reach D. reaching14. They spent the night _ in the room.A. having locked B. locking C. to be locked D. locked15. He wrote a letter to the king _.A. hoping to be set freeB. to set him freeC. so that be set free D. asked to be set free16. Steven has devoted all his life to _ films, and Ka

34、te, his wife, is also _ to the duty of her profession. A. make; devoted B. making; devoting C. making; devoted D. make; devoting17. _ in the dark, his head hit against a tree.A. Walking B. He was walking C. Walked D. When he was walking18. Time should be made good use _ our lessons well.A. of learni

35、ng B. to learn C. to learning D. of to learn19. The film, _ true story of this Red Army general, attracted peoples interest all over the country. A. is based on B. is on the base of C. which is the base of D. based upon20. She returned home from the market only to find the door open and a number of

36、things_. A. stole B. missing C. missed D. losing21. _ it rains, we will stay at home. A. Supposed B. Supposing C. To suppose D. If suppose22. _ with yours, our library is _ too small a size. A. Comparing; in B. Comparing; of C. Compared; in D. Compared; of23. Its dangerous to carry a hot pan with _

37、oil. A. burning B. burnt C. burn D. burns24. We were told that the stone figure _ back to the 16th century was of great value. A. dated B. dating C. coming D. kept25. The boy lay on his back, his teeth _ and his glaring eyes _ straight upwards. A. set; looked B. set; looking C. setting; looked D. se

38、tting; looking26. _ in the forest, he had to ask for help by sending out signals.A. Having lost B. Losing C. Lost D. He was lost27. The Golden Gate Bridge, _ several hundred years ago, is worldwide famous. A. which is built B. which built C. having built D. built28. I suggested the cheat _ into pris

39、on. A. referred to being put B. referred be put C. referred should be put D. referred to be put29. _, I went out for a walk.A. There was nothing to do B. There being nothing to doC. There had nothing to do D. Had nothing to do30. He returned home to learn that the girl _ had been married the secreta

40、ry village. A. became engaged to him B. was engaged to him C. engaged to him before D. got engaged to him31. _ at failing in the maths exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents. A. DisappointedB. To be disappointed C. Disappointing D. Having disappointed32. _ in the dark cave, he was n

41、ot afraid of being found by _ enemy soldiers.A. Hidden; armed B. Hide; armed C. hidden; arm D. Hiding; armed33. To have the wonderful cloth _ new clothes, they had the machine _ all day long.A. made of; running B. made of; run C. made into; working D. made into; work34. The World Trade Organization

42、finally opened its door to China on November 10, _ our Chinese 15- year wait. A. to end B. ended C. ending D. ends35. If _ in wet sand, the vegetables can_ fresh for a long time. A. being buried; remain B. buried; remainC. buried; be remained D. burying; remain36. _ over and over again, but he still

43、 couldnt understand.A. Having explainedB. having been explained C. Explaining D. It had been explained37. Everything _, the plan is fairly practical, you can put it into practice. A. considering B. taken into consideration C. to consider D. taking into consideration38. _ from the moon, our earth, wi

44、th water _ seventy percent of its surface, appears as a “ blue ball”. A. Seen; covered B. seeing; covering C. Seen; covering D. To see; to cover39. A great big fellow, _around 250 pounds, walked with slow heavy noisy footsteps up to the producer counter in the supermarket.A. weighed B. weighing C. w

45、eighs D. weighty40. - The plan _ is of great importance to everybody. - I see. He is sure to finish it on time. A. made B. making C. to be made D. to make41. From the dates_ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been mark

46、ed42. Hearing the good news, I felt a heavy load _ my mind.A. taking off B. to be taken off C. having taken off D. taken off43. The students were listening to the teacher, with their eyes _.A. widely open B. wide opened C. widely opened D. wide open44. The scientist came to the meeting with his wife

47、 _ him.A. being supported B. supporting C. supported D. support45. The noise of the machines _ can be clearly heard in our classroom. A. fixed B. being fixed C. to be fixed D. having been fixed46. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute _.A. being settled B. to be sett

48、led C. had settled D. as settled47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _ on benches, chairs, or boxes. A. having seated B. seating C. seated D. seat48. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. A. To look at B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked a

49、t49. _ in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.A. To be judged the best B. Having judged the bestC. Judged the best D. Judging the best50. The president promised to keep all the board members _ of how the negotiations were going on.A. inform B.

50、informing C. be informed D. informed51. _ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing52. When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, the Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. t

51、o wear C. worn D. having worn53. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed54. When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced55. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned