高中英語最實(shí)用語法一般過去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、將來完成時(shí)講解和經(jīng)典習(xí)題

1、I. 一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)：在過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束?；居梅ǎ?. 過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語：last+時(shí)間、時(shí)間+ago、yesterday、just now、the other day、once upon a time、at that time、then2. 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，可與頻度副詞always、usually、often等連用。表示過去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，除了用動(dòng)詞過去式外，還可以用used to do sth、would do sth3. 表示說話人始料未及的事情I didnt know it was you.I neve

2、r thought you would bring me a gift.4. 賓語從句時(shí)態(tài)：主現(xiàn)從 、主過從 5. 表示已去世者的情況或過去的歷史。II. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has+過去分詞(done)二 句型：否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + havent/hasnt.(否定)三用法（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果I have spent all of my money (so far)

3、.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義：郭子君現(xiàn)在在這兒)My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現(xiàn)在不在這兒)（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻的,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作（用行為動(dòng)詞表示）或狀態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞表示）常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)或過去時(shí)的句子）連用.for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來）since+時(shí)段+ago主句（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）since+從句（一般過去時(shí)）主完從過It is/ has been +時(shí)段+since+從句（過去時(shí)）Mary ha

4、s been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.It is + 第幾次（the first time）that + 句子（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）四 has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的區(qū)別Have/Has gone(to) :去了(現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場)Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been (to) :去過（已不在去過的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been i

5、n：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義之一是過去完成的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在仍有影響,用以下四大標(biāo)志詞可以表達(dá)這種含義:* 以already, just和yet為標(biāo)志He has already got her help. 他已得到她的幫助。He has just seen the film. 他剛剛看過這場電影。He hasnt come back yet. 他還沒有回來。already 與yet的區(qū)別：句型 在句中的位置 * 以eve

6、r和never為標(biāo)志This is the best film I have ever seen. 這是我曾經(jīng)看過的最好的一部電影。He has never been to Beijing. 他從沒有到過北京。* 以動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)為標(biāo)志,once,twice,three times,several timesHe says he has been to the USA three times. 他說他已經(jīng)去過美國三次了。* 以so far = by now（到目前為止）為標(biāo)+beforeHe has got to Beijing so far. 到目前為止他已到了北京。She has pass

7、ed the exam so far. 到目前為止她已經(jīng)通過了考試。2.過去已經(jīng)開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 甚至有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去,我們可以從動(dòng)作“延續(xù)”的特性和“時(shí)間”點(diǎn)段的區(qū)分入手,進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。* for+時(shí)段since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（過去 從句）為標(biāo)志注意：瞬間動(dòng)詞（buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ）不能直接與for since 連用。要改變?yōu)檠永m(xù)性動(dòng)詞buy-have、 borrow -keep、 come/arrive/reach/get to-be in、 go out-be out、 leave -be awaybegin-be on

8、、 finish-be over、 open-be open、 close -be closed、 die-be dead與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間 recently,lately,already,yet,before,still 六. 注意：1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與過去的時(shí)間狀語連用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等;2)不能與when連用3) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用7 總結(jié)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語 1與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間 recently,lately,already,yet,before,still 2與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的頻度時(shí)間

9、ever,never,once,twice,three times,several times, often,seldom,always,time and time again 3與過去有關(guān)的現(xiàn)在點(diǎn)時(shí)間 just,now,today,tonight,this week,this year this morning,this afternoon,this evening, this month,this May,this October,this November 1若想強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始(ever)since 2若想強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)了多久for(a day,several months,many

10、years,how long) for( two hours, six months, quite a long time) 3若想強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的時(shí)間all (morning,night,day,year,these years,my life)all(the while,these days,these ten days) 4若想強(qiáng)調(diào)與過去有關(guān)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間up to now,up to the present,till now,until now, so far, by nowin the last few years,in the past 30 years ,these days,the

11、se weeks,these yearsIII. 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí): had done一基本用法1. 過去完成時(shí)表示“過去的過去”，使用過去完成時(shí)必須有過去的另一時(shí)間作參照，是否表達(dá)“過去的過去”經(jīng)常要根據(jù)上下文來判斷。2. 表示愿望、打算類的詞，如hope、expect、mean、intend、want、think等，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或意圖等。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.二過去完成時(shí)的句型1. 主語+過去完成時(shí)+when引導(dǎo)的從句（過去式）2. 主語+過去完成時(shí)+by+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間

12、點(diǎn)3. 主語+過去完成時(shí)+by the time 引導(dǎo)的從句（過去式）4. 主語+過去完成時(shí)+before引導(dǎo)的從句（過去式）/before+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)5. no sooner+ 主句（過去完成時(shí)）than+從句（一般過去時(shí)）= hardly (scarcely)+ 主句（過去完成時(shí)）when+從句（一般過去時(shí)）： “一就”注意：no sooner/ hardly/ scarcely位于句首時(shí)，主句要倒裝No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had we gotten there when it began to

13、rain.6. It was + 時(shí)間段 + since + 從句（過去完成時(shí)）7. It was + 第幾次（the first time）that + 句子（過去完成時(shí)）三過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。過去完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。IV. 將來完成時(shí) shall/ will have done一 構(gòu)成形式第一人稱：will/ shall have done其他人稱：will have done二用法：將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成或一

14、直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作三將來完成時(shí)的句型主語+ 將來完成時(shí) + before/ by/ by the end of + 將來時(shí)間主語+ 將來完成時(shí) + before/ by the time + 從句（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）課堂練習(xí)（2011-高考北京卷）That must have been a long trip. Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was takingBob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he ?A. has left

15、B. left C. is leaving D. would leaveThe fact that so many people still smoke in public places that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.A. suggest B. suggests C. suggested D. suggestingWhat a mistake!Yes. I his doing it another way, but without success.A. was

16、suggesting B. will suggest C. would suggest D. had suggestedBy the end of this year, I enough money for a holiday.A. will save B. will be saving C. will have saved D. have savedIt is the most instructive lecture that I since I came to this school.A. attended B. had attendedC. am attending D. have at

17、tendedTommy is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he enough for a used one.A. saves B. saved C. will save D. will have savedBoth his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will knowHe has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . s

18、tillHave you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment agoThe famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has writtenOur country _ a lot so far .Yes. I hope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; betterOn her n

19、ext birthday, Ann married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have beenWere you surprised by the ending of the film?No. I (read )the book, so I already knew the story.Before I realized that what I said at the meeting did hurt him, he (drive) away without a word.Experiments of this

20、kind in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conductedC. had conducted D. had been conductedI have been studying here for four years, by next summer I .A. shall graduate B. shall be graduatedC. shall be graduating D. shall have graduatedI hope her he

21、alth greatly by the time we come back next year.A. improves B. improved C. will be improved D. will have improved We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knewHarry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .seeThese farmers have been to t

22、he United States . Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone _ you _ your homework yet ?Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . com

23、e . arrived Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun. has been on . beganIt _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . wasMiss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have b

24、een to. have gone to . have beenThe students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived His uncle for more than 9 years.A. h

25、as come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the universityAre you going to Richards birthday party?Yes. By then I my homework.A. had finished B. will have finishedC. would have finished D. finishedI suppose by the time I come back in ten years time all these old house down.A.

26、will have been pulled B. will be pullingC. will have pulled D. will be pulledI hope that they the road by the time we come back.A. will have repaired B. would have repairedC. have repaired D. repairBy the time Jane gets home his aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leavesC. will ha

27、ve left D. have leftI hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have saved B. will be savingC. has saved D. SavesThe pen I I is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lostC. think; had lost D. thought; have lostHelen he

28、r keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.A. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would comeThey asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoyi

29、ngAlice, why didnt you come yesterday?I (hope) to, but I had an unexpected visitor. John, a friend of mine, who got married only last week, spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will planB. has planned C. would planD. had planned I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same tal

30、k I _ to half a dozen other groups. A. was givingB. am giving C. had given D. have given Father for London on business upon my arrival, so I didnt see him. A. has leftB. left C. was leaving D. had left She _ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job. A. would change

31、B. has changed C. changed D. was changing He _ to spend the important day with us last Sunday, but he was too busy then.A. hopedB. has hoped C. had hopedD. would hoped When the old man _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain. A. started; had already hiddenB. had started; ha

32、d already hiddenC. had started; was hidingD. was starting; hid Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A. beginB. beganC. have begunD. had begun Oh, is that you, Bob? Err.yes. Ah, youre Mary. Sorry I _ you. We havent se

33、en each other for ten years, have we?A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognizedD. dont recognizeHe asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I goneWhat _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did

34、, did. D. had, done I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learntBy the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cookedShe said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will s

35、ee D. had seenBy the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed an university D. had completed universityShe had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. atBy the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has

36、 completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completedJim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. leftThe students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleanedFergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finishedThe man _ his coat and went out.A. put