句子成分學(xué)生版

1、英語句子成分組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分，包括主、謂、賓、表、定、狀、補(bǔ)等。一主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物,一般放在句子開頭。訓(xùn)練一 請大家在主語下面加下劃線， 說明是什么詞和結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)1.The sun rises in the east. （ ） 2.He likes dancing. （ ）3.Twenty years is a short time in history. ( )4. Seeing is believing. （ ）5.To see is to believe. （ ）6.What he needs is a book. （ ）訓(xùn)練題二 填空題1. The

2、 _(attract) interest all the tourists2. _ (go)camping at the weekend is a pleasure.3. _(swim) this afternoon is a pleasure.訓(xùn)練三 翻譯句子（主語一般放句子開頭，以及能充當(dāng)主語的詞和結(jié)構(gòu)）1. 這些學(xué)生有音樂天賦。_have a gift for music.2. 打敗他是我的夢想。_is my dream.3. 他什么時候來不為我們所知。_is unknown to us.二 謂語（predicate）: 說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)。一般放在主語后面。（只有動詞才能充當(dāng)謂語，具

3、有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化）訓(xùn)練一 在謂語下面加下劃線1.We study English.2. He is asleep.訓(xùn)練二 找出謂語部分 并且判斷謂語動詞是及物動詞，不及物，還是系動詞） 一般能直接做謂語的就這三類動詞，1. We love China.2. She seems tired. 3. We have finished reading this book.4.His money ran out.歸納： 1.及物動詞后面必須接賓語（接賓語不加介詞） 2.系動詞后面必須接表語。并且無被動（常見系動詞am,is ,are,was,were,feel ,keep ,stay re

4、main smell look sound）3.不及物動詞不加介詞 絕對不能在后面接賓語。訓(xùn)練三 改錯題1. The idea was proved wrong.2. An accident was happened at the corner.3. He entered into the room and turned on the radio.4. He should have waited me at the gate. 訓(xùn)練題四 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The place of interest _(attraction) many visitors.2.My family _(m

5、ove) to France the day after tomorrow.3.He was badly ill and we _(take) him to hospital.4.The bridge _(build) ten yeas ago.三 表語（predicative）: 系動詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、身份和特征。 訓(xùn)練題一 用下劃線劃出表語，并且歸納能充當(dāng)表語的詞，結(jié)構(gòu)和詞義 1,He is a teacher. （ ） 2.Seventy-four! You dont look it. （ ）3.Five and five is ten. （ ） 4.He is asl

6、eep. （ ）5.His father is in. （ ） 6.The pictur e is on the wall. ( )7.My watch is gone / missing / lost. （ ）8.To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （ ）9.The question is whether they will come. （ ）特別提醒：名詞做表語表明是什么對象，形容詞和分詞表主語的特征。副詞能充當(dāng)表語的一般是地點(diǎn)和方位的副詞，一般副詞是不能充當(dāng)?shù)?。?xùn)練題二 根據(jù)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（這部分目的是區(qū)

7、別填空題中名詞 形容詞 分詞）1. the hill is a great _, because it is _(attract) to many visitors.2. Having a walk along the lake is a_ ,and the scenery is_(please) .3. He was_(addict) to the drug, 4.Although he is_ ,he is working hard to make up for the lack of _(able) 再次強(qiáng)調(diào)：表語在系動詞之后 四 賓語：表示動作的對象或承受者，一般位于及物動詞或介詞之后

8、。1）及物動詞的承受者-動賓 2） 介詞后的名詞、代詞和動名詞-介賓3） 雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）訓(xùn)練題一 用下劃線標(biāo)注賓語，并且說明做賓語的詞類1.I like China. （ ）2. He hates you. （ ）3.How many do you need? We need two. （ ）4I enjoy working with you. （ ）5I hope to see you again. （ ）6. Did you write down what he said? （ ） 7.Are you afraid of the snake?（ ）8. Under th

9、e snow, there are many rocks.( ) 9.He gave me a book yesterday.( ) 10.He told me that he was disappointed( ).訓(xùn)練題二 根據(jù)下列句子含義，用適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He walked in with _( disappoint).2. If you lack _(paintent),you will be faced with_(fail)3. He escaped_(punish).4. He showed us his_(confident).五 賓補(bǔ)：對賓語的補(bǔ)充說明，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語

10、。訓(xùn)練題一 用下劃線標(biāo)注補(bǔ)語1. We elected him monitor. （ ）2. We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （ ）3. We will make them happy. （ ）4. We found nobody in. ( )5. Please make yourself at home. （ ） 6. Dont let him do that. （ ）7. His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （ ）8. Dont keep the l

11、ights burning. （ ）9. Ill have my bike repaired. （ ）訓(xùn)練題二 適當(dāng)形式填空1. Shelikesthe children_（read） newspapers and booksin thereading-room.2. Shefoundhim_(respect),because he was ready to help others.3.He felt it_(scare) to stay with strangers.六 主補(bǔ)：對主語的補(bǔ)充說明。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in

12、the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson七 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的成分叫做定語。 訓(xùn)練題 一 找出定語，歸納詞類和位置1. Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（ ， ）2. He is our friend. （ ）3.We belong to the third world. （ ） 4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（ ）5.The man over there is my old friend.( ) 6.Th

13、e woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. ( )7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. （ ）8.The trees planted last year are growing well now. （ ）9.I have an idea to do it well. （ ）10.You should do everything that I do. （ ）訓(xùn)練題二 翻譯下列中文 1.一顆蘋果樹 _ 2.他的書本_ 3.裝滿蘋果的籃子_ 4.山上的塔_ 5,魯迅寫的書_ 6.一位開車的司機(jī)救了那位帶

14、著孩子的母親。訓(xùn)練題三 用單詞的正確形式填空 1.There are many _(abandon)bottles on the grassland. 2.He walked in the_(read) room. 3.He takes an active part in _(society) activities. 4.He is always the last one_ (leave)the classroom.八 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., 或者整個句子。 表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。訓(xùn)練題一 劃出每個句子狀語 1.I will go th

15、ere tomorrow. 2.The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.3.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 4.He studies hard to learn English well.5.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.6. I like some of you very much.7.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 8.He goes to school by

16、bike.9.Though he is young, he can do it well.10. Luckily, he get rid of his bad habit.11.I am really sorry for my rudeness.12.He was surely late.13.He walked in,happy.非謂語做狀語的（這里說幾個?？嫉?1.He sat under the tree, reading books.2, Having finishing his work, he went out to play. 3.He died, leaving nothing

17、 for her son. 4, He hurried to the station , only to find the train had left. 6. He got up early to catch the bus.訓(xùn)練題二 適當(dāng)形式填空(非謂做狀語)1._, he failed in the exam.(disappoint)2. Old people can hardly walk as_as young people.(quick)3. You are_ wrong.(absolute)4. He walked in the dark,_( fright)5._, I was here for you.(fortunate)狀語位置 歸納【地點(diǎn)狀語】1.以句末為主， 2. 句前為輔，3.句中也可以【時間狀語】1. 常用于句末 2. 強(qiáng)調(diào)是位于句首少數(shù)情況下位于句中【頻度副詞】單個的頻度副詞都是表示不精準(zhǔn)的頻率，這樣的副詞通常用在句中，有兩個位置：1. be動詞和第一個助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）之后2. 無助動詞（包括情態(tài)動詞）時，直接放在謂語動詞之前。這