漢英翻譯課件之句子翻譯之復(fù)句翻譯

1、漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句英譯復(fù)句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上意義上相關(guān)，結(jié)構(gòu)上互 不作句子成分的小句組成。例：睡了一整天，他仍然沒(méi)有恢復(fù)體力。 天氣悶熱，下著小雨。復(fù)句是漢語(yǔ)篇章中頻繁出現(xiàn)的句式。按邢福義（2000）分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句按其 關(guān)系可分為三大類，通常由標(biāo)明關(guān)系的關(guān) 系詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表示其類別。1因果類復(fù)句。包括：1）因果句（因?yàn)樗裕ㄖ┧裕ň?是）因?yàn)橐驗(yàn)椋皆剑?）推斷句（既然1那么/就.可見(jiàn) 與其不如.）3）假設(shè)句（如果那么/就，如果., ,如果說(shuō) 那么.船）!4）條件句（只有才，只要就 必須5）目的句（以便，以免）2并列類復(fù)句1）若列句、（既包也牡又1-Xt 也樂(lè), 一邊菱一邊矗一方面L 一方面$,不 是

2、而是， 是而不是）2）連貫句（接著，然后）3）遞進(jìn)句（不但L而且不僅L就連 不但反而固然I更上）4）選擇句（或者或者，不是就是, 要么要么，是還是）3轉(zhuǎn)折類復(fù)句1）突轉(zhuǎn)句（但是，可是，然而，只是）2）讓步句（雖然但是 論都，寧可也）3）假轉(zhuǎn)句（否則，要不然）有時(shí)復(fù)句中的關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)隱含不顯。女m 那所學(xué)校越辦越好，這所學(xué)校越辦越差。 睡了一整天，他仍然沒(méi)有恢復(fù)體力。在翻譯中，有必要添加相應(yīng)關(guān)系詞語(yǔ)表示這種關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)句子按結(jié)構(gòu)分類，也可分為簡(jiǎn)單句(simple sentence)和復(fù)雜句(multiple senten簡(jiǎn)單句指只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)而且各個(gè)成分 均由詞組構(gòu)成的句子。例如1The stud

3、ents have made better grades in the past few weeksThe boy can stay in the room for a few minu tes.復(fù)雜句又分為并列句(compound sentence) |n 復(fù)合旬 gmpi 欽sentence”JMH|兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句由并列連詞或其他 弄列手段連接起乘便構(gòu)成升列句。例如：Miss Lindstorm came to the party, but Mr and Mrs Sherman did not.Most of us were in the hall, the doors had b

4、een closed, and the latecomers had to wait outside若某個(gè)句子成分直接由從屬成分表不，那么這種句子便不是簡(jiǎn)單句而是復(fù)合句。例如:The students would have made better grades if they had studied hard.The boy can stay in the room as long as he keeps quietWhat he saidxs not true.I didnt understand what he meant.譯成簡(jiǎn)單句: 先有口語(yǔ)，后有筆語(yǔ)。Written Ianguage

5、 comes after spoken language.要不是下雨，我們?cè)缇统鲩T(mén)了。We would have gone out long ago but for the rain.盡管他家境貧困，但他沒(méi)有輟學(xué)。He didnt drop out of school despite his poverty-stricken family盡管他說(shuō)對(duì)我們的想法頗感興趣,我們并未 太當(dāng)真,因?yàn)槲覀儜岩伤麅H僅是沽名釣譽(yù)。We didnt take his expression of interest in our ideas too seriously, for we suspected that

6、he was merely angling for praise中國(guó)是聯(lián)合國(guó)的創(chuàng)始國(guó)，我們一向信守聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章和國(guó)際法準(zhǔn)則。 As a founding member of the united states, China has always abided by UN Chapter and international laws譯成并列句：年老的劇作家為年輕的演員出謀劃策，有前途的藝 術(shù)家向公認(rèn)的天才挑戰(zhàn)，自詡的詩(shī)人奉迎巴結(jié)文 學(xué)雖流。Old playwrights advise young actors, promising artists questi on ack no wledged

7、geniuses, would- be poets fawn over literary lions這對(duì)夫婦不久前添置了一套新家具，現(xiàn)在又買(mǎi)了輛 新車(chē)，他們家的情況一定是好轉(zhuǎn)起來(lái)了。This couple had a new suite of furniture not so long ago, and now they have got a new car; things must be looking up with them.這場(chǎng)球打輸了，一方面是由于對(duì)方實(shí)力較強(qiáng), 一方面也是因?yàn)槲覀儧](méi)有配合好。We lost the game because, for one thing, our o

8、pponents were quite strong and, for an other, our teamwork was poor.老王一聲不吭地站在那里，因?yàn)樗鹬?燒呢。Old Wang stood there speechless, for he was burning with an ger.他們一方面很想去醫(yī)院看望班長(zhǎng)，一方面又 怕影響他休息。On the one hand, they wanted very much to visit their monitor in hospital; on the other hand, they didnt want to distu

9、rb him他既聽(tīng)不見(jiàn)，也幾乎不能講話。Ha cant hear and he can hardly speak either.師部連夜召開(kāi)會(huì)議，可見(jiàn)軍情十分緊急。The division headquarter held a meeting all through the night, it is evident that the military situation is critical.-把溫度調(diào)低，要不然蛋糕就會(huì)燒熾的。Turn the heat down, or else your cake will burn.趕快給他發(fā)個(gè)短信，要么打個(gè)長(zhǎng)途也行。Send him a short

10、message at once, or give him a Iong-distance call要么她來(lái)，要么我去，我們總得碰個(gè)頭。Either she comes here or I go there, in any case, we have got to see each other.令我感到精神抖擻的與其說(shuō)是與我一生中交 往的大多數(shù)人相遇，不如說(shuō)是見(jiàn)到你的來(lái)I am more alive in the presence of a letter from you than in the company of most of the people I encountered in my

11、life.譯成復(fù)合句：以狀語(yǔ)形式譯之：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：他妻子拿著一個(gè)盤(pán)子走過(guò)去，他連一句話也 沒(méi)跟他說(shuō)。He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plates 扣除收入所得稅和房屋修繕費(fèi)，這幾間小別 墅的租金收入是微不足道的。zThe amount which is brought in by the rents of those few cottages is almost negligible when income tax and cost of repairs are deducted 我們剛要說(shuō)話，她就哭了。We had hardly

12、 uttered the words when she bega i| cryi我們剛到雨就停了。We had no sooner arrived than the rain stopped啣H還得有段時(shí)間，我們才能知道全部的結(jié)果。It will be some time before we can know the full results人們提醒房東注意樓梯的危險(xiǎn)情況，房東即 刻答應(yīng)修一修。As soon as the proprietors attention was called to the dangerous state of the staircase, he promised

13、to have it repaired at once條件狀語(yǔ)：如果是20年前來(lái)到張家界國(guó)家森林公園，泥濘的 山路可能會(huì)讓游客的興致打一些折扣。If you visited the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park twenty years ago, the muddy mountain paths might make the trip less pleasant綁架者揚(yáng)言要做了他，如果他不告訴他們秘密文件 藏在哪里的話。His kidnappers threatened to kill him if he did not tell them where th

14、e secret papers were hidden.除非英格蘭隊(duì)改進(jìn)打法，否則他們將輸?shù)舯荣?。Unless England improved their game, they are going to lose the game要不是他們勇敢地?fù)尵葒?guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)，那損失可 就大了。If it werent for their courage in rescuing the state property, the loss would have been eno rmous 原因狀語(yǔ)：辦公室里的工作開(kāi)展得有條不紊，因?yàn)槿?個(gè)雇員配合得很默契。Things always went smoothly

15、 in the office because the three or four clerks that are employed worked in with one another.由于訂貨減少，公司正要裁減一批雇員。Owing to the falling off of orders, the firm is having to sack a number of its employees.目的狀語(yǔ)：主任把手下集合起來(lái)，以便簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下情況。The director called his team together so that he could brief them為了克服交通困難，

16、建議各公司錯(cuò)開(kāi)上班時(shí)間。In order to overcome transport difficulties. It is suggested that firms should stagger working hours.讓步狀語(yǔ)：盡管她還年輕，她已經(jīng)明確了自己的職業(yè)定 向。Young as she is, she already knows what career she wants to follow盡管我很喜歡你，但我不能和你生活在一起。Much as I like you, I could nt live with you.無(wú)論他說(shuō)什么，你都不要相信他。Dont trust him

17、, no matter what he says.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)：不管他走哪里，隨從和傭人都是前呼后應(yīng)。Wherever he went he was attended on by a large number of followers and servants 無(wú)論在什么地方，他都能讓自己像是在家里 一樣。Wherever he happens to be, he can make himself at home結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：他睡過(guò)頭了，以致上班遲到。He had overslept, so that he was late for work. 徹吐雀吃卡不譽(yù)呵房mHe was angry, so t

18、hat he left the room without saying a word.管理部門(mén)建立了與職工協(xié)商的制度，不管有何不平, 均可言明。The management institutes a system of consultation with the staff so that any grievances might be aired以定語(yǔ)從句譯之:他總是要求我們了解自己工作的瑣細(xì)末節(jié)，因?yàn)檫@是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀潛水員必要的條件。He always insisted that we know our jobs in the most minute detail, which is really a necessary quality of a good diver.紅十字會(huì)已開(kāi)始一項(xiàng)重大的克隆工程，該工程與培育用于器官捐獻(xiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)基因豬有關(guān)。The Red Cross has begun major cloningproject which is related to the product!onof transgenic pigs for organ donation.以同位語(yǔ)形