原創(chuàng)高考非謂語動詞用法總結(jié)

1、l/o/g/o非謂語動詞非謂語動詞1. we find it impossible for the work _ahead of time.a. to finish b. finishing c. being finished d. to be finished精析：精析：for the work for the work 指出動作邏輯主語，和指出動作邏輯主語，和finishfinish之間是被動關(guān)系，所以之間是被動關(guān)系，所以答案答案d d。高考鏈接高考鏈接2. - the picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.( 2001上海上海)a. h

2、aving hung b. hangingc. hangs d. being hanged解析：解析：本題考查過去分詞作定語的用法。分析題本題考查過去分詞作定語的用法。分析題目可知，謂語是目可知，謂語是is painted，那么選項部分應是，那么選項部分應是充當定語的。充當定語的。b項是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，相當于項是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，相當于定語從句定語從句which is hanging。答案。答案b。 高考鏈接高考鏈接一、一、-ing/to作主語作主語translate the following sentences into english.1.對他說話等于對牛彈琴。對他說話等于對牛彈琴。

3、_ to him is talking to a wall.2.吸煙會致癌。吸煙會致癌。_ may cause cancer. 3.眼見為實。眼見為實。 seeing is believing. to see is to believe.talkings常用常用-ing-ing形式作主語的句型有：形式作主語的句型有：1. it +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪費時間的是浪費時間的2. it is/was no good/use/useless doing 做做是沒用的是沒用的3. it is/was worth doing 做做值得的值得的4. there is/

4、was nothing worse than doing 沒有比沒有比更糟的更糟的5. there is/was no point doing 做做無意義無意義6. it is fun doing 做做非常有趣非常有趣例如：和例如：和tom爭辯是沒有什么用的。爭辯是沒有什么用的。_ with tomit is useless trying to argue注意注意1：it作形式主語情況作形式主語情況注意注意2：-ing和和to做主語區(qū)別做主語區(qū)別1. 動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作動名詞表示的動作通常是一個泛指的動作或已知、完成的事或者經(jīng)驗，不定式則通?；蛞阎?、完成的事或者經(jīng)驗，不定式則

5、通常表示具體的動作，未完成的事或目的。如：表示具體的動作，未完成的事或目的。如：1) 她覺得探視病人是一種責任，也是一種愉悅。她覺得探視病人是一種責任，也是一種愉悅。 she felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure2)到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經(jīng)歷。到美國人家里做客對我來說將是一個極好的經(jīng)歷。 _ in an american home will be a good experience for me. visiting sick peopleto be a 2. 邏輯主語形式不同：邏輯主語形式不同： 1) 我姐姐病了，使我很擔心。我姐姐病了，使

6、我很擔心。 my sisters being ill made we worried. 2) 對我們來說學習數(shù)學太難了。對我們來說學習數(shù)學太難了。 it is difficult for us to learn maths.注意注意2：-ing和和to做主語區(qū)別做主語區(qū)別二、二、doing/to do做賓語做賓語只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，cannot help，imagine，mind，practise，cannot stand，fancy，feel like， ad

7、mit, deny, allow, involve等等e.g. 我正考慮搬家到北京呢。我正考慮搬家到北京呢。 i am considering _ to b二、二、doing/to do做賓語做賓語 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞?？嫉挠校撼Ｓ脛釉~不定式作賓語的動詞?？嫉挠校?hope, refuse, set out，manage, pretend, plan, afford, expect，determine, promise, arrange, decide,want, wish，demand，aim,ask, seem, appear，agree, volunteer, happen, c

8、hoose, bother, fail, threaten等等1. the workers demanded to get better pay.2. 你安排好這周末見馬克了嗎？你安排好這周末見馬克了嗎？_mark this weekend?have you arranged to 既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，既可接動名詞又可接不定式作賓語的動詞，常見的有：常見的有：a在在like，love，hate，prefer等動詞之后，等動詞之后，用用-ing或或 to do 差別不大差別不大b在在begin/start，continue之后，用動名詞之后，用動名詞和不定式，意義無區(qū)別，尤其是

9、當主語是人的和不定式，意義無區(qū)別，尤其是當主語是人的時候。時候。二、二、doing/to do做賓語做賓語 c c在動詞在動詞forget，remember，regret之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。之后，用動名詞與不定式意義不同。 ing 表示做過，表示做過，to do 表示沒有做表示沒有做 d在在try，mean之后，意義各不相同，如之后，意義各不相同，如try to do (試圖，設法試圖，設法)，try doing (試試試試)，mean to do (打算，有意要做打算，有意要做)，mean doing (意思是，意味著意思是，意味著),go on doing (繼續(xù)繼續(xù)未完之事未

10、完之事)，go on to do(繼續(xù)另外的事繼續(xù)另外的事)。二、二、doing/to do做賓語做賓語注意注意1 . ing做介詞賓語做介詞賓語 weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. on hearing the news, he left immediately.注意注意：下列短語中的：下列短語中的to都是介詞，所以都是介詞，所以后面跟名詞或后面跟名詞或-ing形式：形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to, look forward to，s

11、tick to，be used to， adapt to, adjust to, be accustomed i have no idea about how to do it. i dont know what to expect in the future. 注意：注意：it作形式賓語情況作形式賓語情況 i find it difficult to understand him. we thought it wrong not to help her.注意注意2. wh+to do 做賓語做賓語注意：注意： 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, 后作賓語時后作賓語時,如果這

12、些介詞前有行為動詞如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to.(1). she could do nothing but cry.(2). i have no choice but to 注意注意3： be +adj.+to do做賓語做賓語 be+afraid, sure, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready等構(gòu)成的謂語后可等構(gòu)成的謂語后可加不定式加不定式to do做賓語做賓語 i am sure to finish the work on time. i am d

13、etermined to give up smoking.注意：注意：情感形容詞情感形容詞+to do，一般是原因狀語，一般是原因狀語e.g. i am happy to help 1. -ing作表語時主語往往是事，表性質(zhì)。作表語時主語往往是事，表性質(zhì)。 her hobby is painting. the result is really pleasing. 2. -ed 作表語，表狀態(tài)作表語，表狀態(tài) she was very pleased with the result. the cup was broken. 3. 主語常常是表意向，打算，計劃的詞。如主語常常是表意向，打算，計劃的詞

14、。如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, dream, aim等等.常用常用to do 做表語。做表語。 my aim is to help the poor. 三、三、-ing/to do/-ed形式作表語形式作表語四、四、ing/to do/-ed形式作形式作用法用法1. 動名詞做定語表動名詞做定語表作用或功能作用或功能，分詞表被修飾，分詞表被修飾者的者的動作或狀態(tài)動作或狀態(tài)drinking water = water for drinking tiring music = music that is tiring the injured boy=the boy

15、 who is injured2. ?？嫉牟欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ的詞有?？嫉牟欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ的詞有way,ability, chance, ambition, anxiety, attempt, belief或或者者由由 only, last, next, 序數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞和adj.最高級最高級he has an ambition to be a pilot.he is the first to come and the last to leave. （to do 與主語必須是主謂關(guān)系，被動用與主語必須是主謂關(guān)系，被動用-ed）注意區(qū)別注意區(qū)別 1. the building to be built next

16、 year is our teaching building. 2. the building built last year is our teaching building. 3. the building being built now is our teaching 1. 動詞動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語，表主動、進行形式作賓語補足語，表主動、進行 they heard him singing in the next room.2. ed 作賓補，通常表被動與完成作賓補，通常表被動與完成 with the work finished, we went back home.3. to d

17、o 表示過程，或者將來表示過程，或者將來 we saw him go up stairs. with a lot of work to do, i cant leave.五、非謂語動詞作賓語補足語五、非謂語動詞作賓語補足語1）with+賓語賓語+doing with his mother helping him, he finished the worked soon.2) 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如：等。如： we

18、saw a light burning in the window.非謂語動詞作賓補的情況非謂語動詞作賓補的情況i wont have you doing that. im sorry to have kept you waiting. i cant get the clock going again.you wont catch me doing that again.dont leave him playing alone.3) 表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：等。如：歸納：(3)表示“_”等意義的詞

19、，如：_等4.）希望，愿望或要求希望，愿望或要求 want, wish, like, expect, order a. he wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. b. he ordered this work (to be) finished by tomorrow. c. they wish a bridge built in their hometown one 六、非謂語動詞作狀語六、非謂語動詞作狀語1. to do 作目的狀語作目的狀語 i came here to see you. to catch the first

20、 train, he got up very early. 2. to do/-ing 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語 i rushed to the station, only to find the train had already gone. (出人意料的結(jié)果出人意料的結(jié)果) tom is old enough to take care of himself. he died last year, leaving his son alone in the world. (自然發(fā)生的結(jié)果自然發(fā)生的結(jié)果)3. ing/ed 作時間狀語，相當于狀語從句作時間狀語，相當于狀語從句 when heated

21、, ice will be changed into water.=when it is heated, ice will be changed into water. seeing from the top building, i can see the whole city.六、非謂語動詞作狀語六、非謂語動詞作狀語4. to do/doing/-ed 作原因狀語作原因狀語i am happy to help you.being ill, he didnt attend the meeting.not knowing his name, i cant find him.given advic

22、e by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.5. doing 作伴隨或者方式狀語作伴隨或者方式狀語he sat near the window, reading a book.六、非謂語動詞作狀語六、非謂語動詞作狀語6. doing/ed 作條件狀語作條件狀語working hard, you will succeed.given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.7. doing/-ed 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語having failed ma

23、ny times, he didnt lose heart.given more time, we still cant finish the work.六、非謂語動詞作狀語六、非謂語動詞作狀語七、不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)七、不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式不定式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done -(1).they pretended not to see us.(2). he pretended to be studying. (3).she pretende

24、d to have known it before.強調(diào)同時發(fā)生強調(diào)同時發(fā)生強調(diào)先后強調(diào)先后七、不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)七、不定式時態(tài)語態(tài)八、八、-ing時態(tài)語態(tài)構(gòu)成時態(tài)語態(tài)構(gòu)成 主動形式主動形式被動形式被動形式一般式一般式doingdoingbeing donebeing done完成式完成式having donehaving donehaving been having been donedonehaving failed many times, he finally discovered the 九、九、doing/to do主動表被動主動表被動 1. adj+to do 2. to do 作定語

25、，有動作執(zhí)行者，否作定語，有動作執(zhí)行者，否則用則用to be done. 3. rent/let/blame 主動表被動主動表被動 4. be worth doing 5. want/need/require +doing 6. the stars are too far to see/to be seen 均可均可十、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)十、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 1. time permitting, well finish the work. 2. the work finished, we went back home. 3. the exam to be held tomorrow, i cant g

26、o to the cinema tonight. 4. the hunter entered the forest, gun in hand. 5. there being no buses, we had to walk 十一、特殊用法十一、特殊用法 1. not to say/mention/let alone 更不用說更不用說 2. strange to say 說來奇怪說來奇怪 3. to make things worse 更糟糕的是更糟糕的是 4. to be brief/to put it briefly 簡言之簡言之 5. to cut a long story short 長

27、話短說長話短說 6. to put it another way 換句話說換句話說 7. judging from 從從判斷判斷 8. given/considering that/allowing for 鑒于鑒于強化練習強化練習高考題高考題 【2011天津卷天津卷,12】 into english, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. a. translating b. translated c. to translate d. having translated【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“翻譯

28、成英語后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個句子翻譯成英語后，發(fā)現(xiàn)這個句子的詞序全變了。的詞序全變了?！眛he sentence與與translate之之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，答案間存在著被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，答案b。高考題高考題 【2011上海春招上海春招,36】 in 1955, disneyland in california is regarded by many as a fun park. a. opened b. having opened c. opening d. being opened【答案】【答案】a高考題高考題 【2011四川卷四川卷,16】 an important role i

29、n a new movie, andy has a chance to become famous. a.offer b.offering c.offered d.to offer【解析】句意為【解析】句意為“andy在一部新影片中扮演在一部新影片中扮演重要角色，這就有了成名的機會。重要角色，這就有了成名的機會?！眔ffer sb. sth.(主動主動)提供某人某物。句中提供某人某物。句中andy與與offer之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故選之間存在著被動關(guān)系，故選c。1. robert is said _ abroad, but i dont know what country he is studying in. a. to have studied b. to study c. to be studying d. to