高一英語(yǔ)必修一Unit_4知識(shí)點(diǎn)_

1、人教課標(biāo)人教課標(biāo) 高一高一 必修必修 1 Unit 4For three days the water in the village well rose and fell, rose and fell.riseroserisenvi.指自然指自然“上升上升”， 常用常用于日，月，云，霞，煙，水于日，月，云，霞，煙，水蒸氣，物價(jià)，溫度，河水及蒸氣，物價(jià)，溫度，河水及人的職位等。人的職位等。raiseraisedraisedVt.指由于外部的力量而指由于外部的力量而“舉舉起，提高起，提高”還可指還可指“飼養(yǎng)，飼養(yǎng)，種植，養(yǎng)育，撫育種植，養(yǎng)育，撫育”。3,養(yǎng)育孩子的成本在繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)養(yǎng)育孩子的成本在繼續(xù)

2、增長(zhǎng)1,她的體溫還在上升。她的體溫還在上升。2,那些反對(duì)的人舉起手那些反對(duì)的人舉起手.Her temperature is still rising.back People who are opposed raise their handsThe cost of raising kids is continuing to rise,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于,the chickens and even the pigs were so nervous that they didnt eatcome

3、out of 從從出來(lái)，由出來(lái)，由產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生 我們看見他從房間出來(lái)我們看見他從房間出來(lái)We saw him come out of the roomrun out of 跑出來(lái)跑出來(lái)jump out of 跳出來(lái)跳出來(lái)Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide 伴隨狀語(yǔ)伴隨狀語(yǔ)使用分詞的形式使用分詞的形式The dog entered the room, following his master (這條狗跟著主人進(jìn)了屋這條狗跟著主人進(jìn)了屋)。The master entered the room, followed by his d

4、og (主人進(jìn)了屋，后面跟著他的狗主人進(jìn)了屋，后面跟著他的狗)。定義定義:伴隨狀語(yǔ)是指狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主伴隨狀語(yǔ)是指狀語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作伴隨主句發(fā)生，是伴隨著句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而句發(fā)生，是伴隨著句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作而發(fā)生或存在的。發(fā)生或存在的。 the water pipes in some buildings cracked and _.burst 【寓詞于境寓詞于境】 閱讀下列句子，并試著閱讀下列句子，并試著總結(jié)總結(jié)burst在句中的詞性、含義及用法。在句中的詞性、含義及用法。1.The pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of wa

5、ter.水管爆裂房子在兩英尺的水下水管爆裂房子在兩英尺的水下burstburstburst不及物動(dòng)詞，爆裂，不及物動(dòng)詞，爆裂，爆發(fā)爆發(fā)burst into sth=burst out doing 突然突然起起來(lái)來(lái)所有學(xué)生都笑起來(lái)所有學(xué)生都笑起來(lái)/哭起來(lái)哭起來(lái)/唱起來(lái)。唱起來(lái)。.All of the students burst into laughter/tears/songs.=All of the students burst out laughing/crying/singing練習(xí)：聽到這個(gè)壞消息，他突然練習(xí)：聽到這個(gè)壞消息，他突然哭起來(lái)哭起來(lái)Hearing the sad news

6、,he burst into tears burst into a door/room 闖入，忽闖入，忽然進(jìn)入然進(jìn)入他沒敲門突然進(jìn)入房間。他沒敲門突然進(jìn)入房間。He burst into the room without knocking at the door. There was a burst of laughter in the next room. 隔壁房間突然爆隔壁房間突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲發(fā)出一陣笑聲 a burst of 一陣一陣a burst of machine-gun fire一陣炮火一陣炮火1、burst作作 _ 詞，意思是詞，意思是 _；常用于短語(yǔ)常用于短語(yǔ)burst i

7、nto + n.=burst out doing突然突然 burst into + a room, building, etc. 闖入，闖入，突然破門而入突然破門而入2、burst作作 _ 詞，意思是詞，意思是 _還還可指可指“爆裂；破裂之處，裂口爆裂；破裂之處，裂口”。動(dòng)動(dòng)爆裂爆裂名名突然一陣突然一陣 用用burst或其短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空?；蚱涠陶Z(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1. The plane crashed and _ flames.2. The dam _ because of the heavy rain.4. Everyone was quiet when John suddenly _

8、 laughing.burst outburst intoburst（墜落）（墜落） But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子的主干是這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子的主干是_。_引導(dǎo)非限制引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾people。But the one million people were asleep as usual that nightwho（）Think of 考慮；關(guān)心；想起；記起考

9、慮；關(guān)心；想起；記起Think little of 不重視，忽略不重視，忽略Think nothing of 認(rèn)為沒什么認(rèn)為沒什么Think badly/poorly/ill of 輕視；不放在輕視；不放在眼里眼里think well/highly/much/a lot/a great deal of 看重；對(duì)看重；對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很高評(píng)價(jià)很高 It seemed as if the world was at an end! 這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是 _，as if 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句【翻譯翻譯】 世界似乎到了末日世界似乎到了末日!It seemed as if 在在表語(yǔ)從句中

10、表語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于that= It seemed that the world was at an end!As if 從句的語(yǔ)氣及時(shí)態(tài)從句的語(yǔ)氣及時(shí)態(tài)1，as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況：從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況：當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或者極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事時(shí)者極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事時(shí)He talks as if he is drunk 從他的說(shuō)話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了從他的說(shuō)話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了2，as if 從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況：從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況：當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所陳述的是不真實(shí)當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所陳述的是不真實(shí)或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況或極少有

11、可能發(fā)生或存在的情況他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)那兒他說(shuō)起羅馬來(lái)好像他以前去過(guò)那兒似的。似的。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.你看上去好像并不在乎。你看上去好像并不在乎。You look as if you didnt care.他張開嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。他張開嘴好像要說(shuō)什么。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.從句謂語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反were/did 過(guò)去式過(guò)去式與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反與將來(lái)

12、事實(shí)相反would/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞原形as if as if 用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況At an end 意為意為“結(jié)束終結(jié)束終止止”在句中多用作表語(yǔ)。在句中多用作表語(yǔ)。1、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束了。、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束了。The war was at an end.2、他繼續(xù)大把的用錢直到用完、他繼續(xù)大把的用錢直到用完為止。為止。He went on spending freely until his money was at an end.at the end of 既可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可作地既可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也可作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意為點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，意為“在在的盡頭（末、末的盡頭（末、末梢）。梢）。b

13、y the end of 用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，意為“到到末為止；不遲于末為止；不遲于”強(qiáng)調(diào)最后權(quán)強(qiáng)調(diào)最后權(quán)限，限，用于過(guò)去（將來(lái)）完成時(shí)態(tài)用于過(guò)去（將來(lái)）完成時(shí)態(tài); in the end 意思意思“最后、終于最后、終于”。 at the end of by the end of in the end1) There is a clothes shop _ the street2) They gave up the plane_.3) How many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofin the endb

14、y the end ofIn fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in _.ruinsruindestroydamage damage 指部分指部分“損壞損壞”、“損害損害”、“破壞破壞”或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可或指使用價(jià)值有所降低。它可以用作動(dòng)詞以用作動(dòng)詞, 也可以用作名詞也可以用作名詞, 用作名詞用作名詞時(shí)常與時(shí)常與to something連用。連用。The accident did a lot of damage to his car. destroy 只能用作動(dòng)詞只能用作動(dòng)詞, 指徹底破壞指徹底破壞, 以致不可能修復(fù)以致不可能修復(fù), 常

15、作常作“破壞破壞”、“毀滅毀滅”解解, 也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。也可以指希望、計(jì)劃等打破。The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但指對(duì)物體或生命徹底的破壞，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打擊結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物擊結(jié)果，常指對(duì)美好的或希望中的事物的破壞。的破壞。The fire ruined the house. The company is facing ruin. (破產(chǎn)）破產(chǎn)）The house has fallen into ruin.fall

16、into ruin 成為成為廢墟，坍塌。廢墟，坍塌。Smoking ruined his health.吸煙毀了他的健康。吸煙毀了他的健康。She ruined his prospects.她毀了他的前途。她毀了他的前途。Ruin 毀壞毀壞 3，Everywhere they looked nearly everything was _. destroyed4，He tried to use it to _ our international reputation damage1，An earthquake left the whole town _.2，His career is _.in

17、ruinsin ruinsTwo-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.More than 61% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.以百分?jǐn)?shù)作為主語(yǔ)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)以百分?jǐn)?shù)作為主語(yǔ)的，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于百分?jǐn)?shù)后面跟的名詞是還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于百分?jǐn)?shù)后面跟的名詞是可數(shù)還是不可數(shù)的?？蓴?shù)還是不可數(shù)的。isare請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下列句子。請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完

18、成下列句子。1. _ (三分之一三分之一) of the students in our class _ (be) girls.2. _ (五分之三五分之三) of the soil _ (wash) away by the flood last night.3. _ (一半一半) of the desks in this school _ (make) in his company.4. _ (大部分的大部分的) of the lecture he made yesterday _ (be) interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswas washedHalf

19、are madeMostwas5. _ (數(shù)萬(wàn)數(shù)萬(wàn)) people _ (dance) in the big square now.6. There were _ (一萬(wàn)一萬(wàn)) students taking part in the exam yesterday.7. _ (百分之九十百分之九十) of the mountain _ (cover) by trees.is coveredTens of thousands ofare dancingten thousand90% / 90 percentinjurehurtwound injure: to hurt oneself/ sb. /

20、 sth. physically三者都可表示受三者都可表示受傷，傷害。傷，傷害。injure 一般是指一般是指在事故中受傷，在事故中受傷，往往意為往往意為“外外傷傷”。 wound 一般指外傷，一般指外傷，如刀傷、槍傷等，尤如刀傷、槍傷等，尤其指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，打斗其指在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，打斗中受傷。中受傷。hurt 可指對(duì)身體上的可指對(duì)身體上的傷害，也指對(duì)心靈造傷害，也指對(duì)心靈造成的傷害。成的傷害。Their criticisms _ him deeply.He was slightly _ in the car accident.He got _ in the fighting.What you said

21、 _ my feeling.He _his left arm in the accidenthave hurtinjuredwoundedhurtinjuredInjure 及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞 injure sth 損害某物損害某物a( great/large/small )number of很多很多/一些一些 number之前可加之前可加large，small，great等表示程度。等表示程度。只修飾可數(shù)名詞只修飾可數(shù)名詞A great number of people were in injuredthe number of 表示表示“的數(shù)量的數(shù)量”The number of people

22、was small8. shockI was shocked by the way he treated his own mother.We were all shocked at the news of his deathshock v. （使）震驚，使驚愕（使）震驚，使驚愕be shocked at/by sth 對(duì)對(duì)感到震驚感到震驚An electric shock can kill you.shock n. 電擊電擊shock v. 1,（使）震驚，使驚愕（使）震驚，使驚愕be shocked at/by sth 對(duì)對(duì)感到震驚感到震驚 2,使受電擊使受電擊shock n. 震驚震驚 n

23、. 電擊電擊有類似用法的詞有很多，如：有類似用法的詞有很多，如：interest, frighten, excite, satisfy等。等。shock有兩種分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容有兩種分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞形式：詞形式：shocking令人震驚的令人震驚的（用來(lái)修飾物）；（用來(lái)修飾物）；shocked震驚震驚的（用來(lái)修飾人）。的（用來(lái)修飾人）。 trap 閱讀下列句子，注意閱讀下列句子，注意trap的意思及用法。的意思及用法。1) The elevator broke down and we were trapped inside (it). 動(dòng)詞，陷入困境動(dòng)詞，陷入困境2) Their kindne

24、ss was designed to trap me into giving them information.trap sb into doing sth 使中計(jì)使中計(jì)3) If were lucky, the thief will fall right into our trap.名詞，陷阱名詞，陷阱歸納歸納 trap可以作可以作 _，翻譯為，翻譯為 _trap sb. into (doing) sth.，也可以作名詞，意為：也可以作名詞，意為： _； _動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞使陷入困境使陷入困境困境困境陷阱陷阱 使中計(jì)；使中計(jì)；使陷入圈套使陷入圈套” 根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子。根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的提示完成句子

25、。1. I knew perfectly well _ (這是一個(gè)陷阱這是一個(gè)陷阱).2. By clever questioning, they _ (誘使他誘使他) making an agreement.it was a trap trapped him intoAll hope was not lost.不是所以的希望都破滅了。不是所以的希望都破滅了。當(dāng)當(dāng)not與與 all, both, everyone , everybody ,everything以及以及every+名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子名詞出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)句子中時(shí)，不管中時(shí)，不管not在它們之前還在它們之前還是之后都表示是之后都表示部

26、分否定部分否定。=Not all hope was lost=Not every man is honest.并不是每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)并不是每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí) Every man is not honest.Both of the two boys are not good at English=Not both of the two boys are good at English=One of the two boys is not good at English并非兩個(gè)男孩都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)并非兩個(gè)男孩都擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示完全否定完全否定意義時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中意義時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中常用常用no, none, nobody

27、, nothing, no one, neither 等詞與謂語(yǔ)的肯等詞與謂語(yǔ)的肯定式連用來(lái)表達(dá)。定式連用來(lái)表達(dá)。沒有人會(huì)同意你。沒有人會(huì)同意你。 Nobody agrees with you.兩本書都沒有趣味，都沒有兩本書都沒有趣味，都沒有教育意義。教育意義。 Neither book is interesting and instructive.全肯定全肯定部分否定部分否定全否定全否定 all allnot notall none no+名詞名詞 both both.not not.both neither everythingnot.everythingeverythingnot nothing everybody not.everybodyeverybodynot nobody部分否定：部分否定：All the students could not understand it =Not all the students could under