中西文化比較文檔資料

1、1lines and circles:a contrastive study of western and chinese cultures環(huán)性與線性環(huán)性與線性 中西文化比較中西文化比較(part iii)zuo biao左左 飚飚2contrast in respect of :nworldview （宇宙觀）ncore values （核心價值觀）noutlook on time （時間觀）nmodes of thinking （思維模式）nlinguistic expression （語言表達）noutlook on arts (藝術觀)31. worldview 宇宙觀宇宙觀linea

2、r division and circular enclosure（線分環(huán)合）（線分環(huán)合） western: one dividing into two ( (一分為二一分為二) ) chinese: two combining into one ( (合二為一合二為一) )opposites:western: independence and opposition chinese: interdependence and integration 西方文化呈線性，人與自然、凡與神均一分為二，界線分明，強調(diào)二元的并存與對立； 中國文化呈環(huán)性，人與自然、凡與神均合而為一，環(huán)抱涵容，注重二元的依存和

3、統(tǒng)一。 42. core values價值觀價值觀linear individuality and circular integrity 線單環(huán)整線單環(huán)整w: individualism-oriented and right-basedc: collectivism-oriented and duty-based西方文化以個體主義為導向，西方文化以個體主義為導向，以權利為基準；以權利為基準；中國文化以團體主義為導向，中國文化以團體主義為導向，以義務為基準。以義務為基準。53. outlook on time 時間觀時間觀 linear extension and circular rotati

4、on線伸環(huán)旋western: extension, sense of time shortage, future valuedchinese: rotation, sense of time abundance, past cherished 西方文化視時間如直線延伸，單向飛逝，去而不返，西方文化視時間如直線延伸，單向飛逝，去而不返，因而有時間緊缺感，往往向前看，著眼于未來；因而有時間緊缺感，往往向前看，著眼于未來； 中國文化視時間如圓環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)，冬去春來，周而復始，中國文化視時間如圓環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)，冬去春來，周而復始，故而有時間充裕感，常常向后看，立足于過去。故而有時間充裕感，常常向后看，立足于過去。6

5、4. mode of thinking 思維模式思維模式w: dissecting things into parts and analyzing their relationships, thinking in terms of logic (邏輯思維）and abstract reasoning （抽象推理）linear dissection and circular synthesis 線切環(huán)綜c: synthesizing parts and examining the whole, thinking in terms of images （形象思維）and intuitive ins

6、ight （直覺頓悟） 西方文化如同直線切劃，細分明析，注重抽象推理 ，善長邏輯思維。 中國文化猶如圓環(huán)內(nèi)封，綜觀合察，尋求直覺頓悟 ，善長形象思維。75. linguistic expression 語言表達語言表達linear branch-like connection and circular wave-like moving 線枝環(huán)波english: tree-type sentence structure with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk linechinese: t

7、opic-prominent sentence structure and wave-like moving of the discourse 西語的線性特點表現(xiàn)為句子結構以直線枝形鋪排，由主到次，遞相迭加，猶如枝繁葉茂的大樹。 漢語的環(huán)性特點體現(xiàn)在語段以環(huán)狀波式流動，浪花無律，形散意合，好似波濤滾滾的大江。 8 english tree-like sentence structure英語的線性樹式句子結構trunk line: s + v + (o) 主干線：主語+謂語+（賓語）branches and sub-branches : adverbials and attributes支線及分

8、支線：狀語和定語hypotactic, connectives 形合語言，連接詞語explicit cohesion 顯性聯(lián)接product and facilitator of abstract thinking and formal logic 線性語言是抽象思維和形式邏輯的產(chǎn)物，反過來又促進抽象思維和形式邏輯的發(fā)展。9english: linear tree-like sentence structure （線性樹式結構） as a nation of gifted people who comprise about one-fourth of the total population

9、of the earth, china plays in world affairs a role that can only grow more important in the years ahead. jimmy carter 吉米卡特branches and sub-branches : adverbials and attributestrunk line: s + v + (o)10chinese: circular bamboo-like sentence structure （環(huán)性竹式結構）從前這里有一個漁村，村里住著十戶人家，這十戶人家全靠打魚、種地 為生，生活艱苦，但很安寧

10、。開始家人是不讓父親抽煙的，得了絕癥后，想開了，抽吧，揀好的買，想抽就抽。the chunks of a sentence seem to be connected and yet separated, like sections of a bamboo linked by the joints and yet relatively independent and self-contained. 句子的各部分似分似連，形散意合，像竹節(jié)那樣，相對獨立，但意義又相互關聯(lián)。11english: fixed point of sight（視點固定）“我會揍你的?！薄安?，你不會?！薄笆堑?，我會的?！薄安?/p>

11、，你不會的?！薄拔視??！薄澳悴粫摹！薄皶?！”“不會！”“i can lick you.”“no, you cant.”“yes, i can.”“no, you cant.”“i can.”“you cant.”“can!”“cant!”12“i can lick you.”“no, you cant.”“yes, i can.”“no, you cant.”“i can.”“you cant.”“can!”“cant!”我要揍你。你敢！敢又怎么樣？那你就試試吧！試試？哼，你等著瞧！等著瞧？我才不怕呢！不怕，好，那你休想逃走。誰逃了？來呀，你揍??！chinese: moving point

12、 of sight（視點流動）13我要揍你。你敢！敢又怎么樣？那你就試試吧！試試？哼，你等著瞧！等著瞧？我才不怕呢！不怕，好，那你休想逃走。誰逃了？來呀，你揍??！“i can lick you.”“no, you cant.”“yes, i can.”“no, you cant.”“i can.”“you cant.”“can!”“cant!”please compare:14cancancancancantcantcantcant揍敢試瞧怕逃15chinesemoving point of sight（視點流動（視點流動 環(huán)環(huán)扣緊）環(huán)環(huán)扣緊）englishfixed point of sig

13、ht（視點固定（視點固定 一線到底）一線到底）contrast between english and chinese16chinese wave-like discourse漢語的環(huán)性波狀語篇paratactic: fewer connectives and lack of inflections意合語言：少用連接詞語，缺乏形態(tài)變化implicit coherence 隱性連貫 context and language feel上下文和語感topic: prominent structure: flexible composite construction: loose and plasti

14、c 話題突出，結構靈活，以神統(tǒng)形，組合自由。discourse: evolve freely in wave-like manner語篇展開猶如環(huán)弧狀的浪花，此起彼伏，似連似分，高低無序，但卻沿著一定的（語義）方向流動。 17 rhythmic speech or writing is like waves of the sea, moving onward with alternating rise and fall, connected yet separated, like but different, suggestive of some law, too complex for an

15、alysis or statement, controlling the relations between wave and wave, waves and sea, phrase and phrase, phrases and speech. h. w. fowler (1858 1933) : 節(jié)奏感強的語言或文字猶如海浪向前推進，浪峰、浪谷似分似合，彼此相像，又各不相同；隱含著某些規(guī)律，但卻過于復雜，難以分析或表述；這些規(guī)律規(guī)范著波浪與波浪、波浪與大海、詞組與詞組、詞組與語段之間的各種關系。 18the advantages of each type of linguistic exp

16、ression the linear language rigid in structure with emphasis laid on explicit cohesion is a facilitator of logical thinking. the circular language flexible in structure with importance attached to implicit coherence promotes thinking in images. 兩種語言表達方式各有所長 線性語言結構嚴謹，重形式上的顯性連接，有利于促進邏輯思維的發(fā)展；環(huán)性語言結構自由，重

17、意義上的隱性連貫，有利于促進形象思維的發(fā)展。195. linguistic expression 語言表達語言表達linear branch-like connection and circular wave-like moving 線枝環(huán)波english: tree-type sentence structure with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the trunk linechinese: topic-prominent sentence structure and wave-like movi

18、ng of the discourse 西語的線性特點表現(xiàn)為句子結構以直線枝形鋪排，由主到次，遞相迭加，猶如枝繁葉茂的大樹。 漢語的環(huán)性特點體現(xiàn)在語段以環(huán)狀波式流動，浪花無律，形散意合，好似波濤滾滾的大江。 206. outlook on arts藝術觀藝術觀linear strength and circular grace 線剛環(huán)柔線剛環(huán)柔w: sky-oriented outlook displaying strength c: earth-based outlook exhibiting grace 西方文化的藝術觀表現(xiàn)為直線朝上，向往天空，展示剛性的力度；中國文化的藝術觀表現(xiàn)為環(huán)顧四

19、周，眷戀大地，展示柔性的優(yōu)雅。21c-w difference in terms of choreography (舞蹈藝術舞蹈藝術)chinese national dancecurves, gracelooking earthwardswalking and runningcircular hand movement中國民族舞蹈中國民族舞蹈曲線美，優(yōu)雅型曲線美，優(yōu)雅型; 擰傾曲圓，眷戀大地擰傾曲圓，眷戀大地; 走跑為主，環(huán)形手勢。走跑為主，環(huán)形手勢。western balletlines, strengthlooking skywardshopping and bouncing linea

20、r hand movement 西方芭蕾西方芭蕾直線美，力量型直線美，力量型; 開繃直流，向往天空開繃直流，向往天空; 蹦跳為主，線形手勢。蹦跳為主，線形手勢。 22梅蘭芳23楊麗萍2425262728293031戴安娜王妃32 chinese:curves and circles closeness to the earth integration with nature 中國古典建筑中國古典建筑多多曲線曲線美美飛檐反宇飛檐反宇親近大地親近大地天人合一天人合一western:lines and pinnaclesscraping the skyseparation from nature西方

21、建筑西方建筑 多直線美多直線美 平頂尖拱平頂尖拱 向往天空向往天空 天人分離天人分離c-w difference in terms of architecture33北京四合院34上海石庫門35363738對景對景39橋廊橋廊404142福建土樓43上海博物館44454647484950architectural contrast建筑藝術對比circular：closeness to the earth；reality and stability stressed.linear：piercing the sky；fantasy and innovation valued.環(huán)性：環(huán)抱大地重視現(xiàn)實

22、和穩(wěn)定線性：刺破蒼穹重視幻想與革新516. outlook on arts藝術觀藝術觀linear strength and circular grace 線剛環(huán)柔線剛環(huán)柔w: sky-oriented outlook displaying strength c: earth-based outlook exhibiting grace 西方文化的藝術觀表現(xiàn)為直線朝上，向往天空，展示剛性的力度；中國文化的藝術觀表現(xiàn)為環(huán)顧四周，眷戀大地，展示柔性的優(yōu)雅。52worldview linear division and circular enclosure宇宙觀宇宙觀線分環(huán)合線分環(huán)合53core v

23、alueslinear individuality and circular integrity 價值觀價值觀線單環(huán)整線單環(huán)整54outlook on timeoutlook on time linear extension and circular rotation時間觀時間觀線伸環(huán)旋55mode of thinkingmode of thinking linear dissection and circular synthesis思維模式思維模式線析環(huán)綜56linguistic expressionlinguistic expression linear branch-like conne

24、ction and circular wave-like moving 語言表達語言表達線枝環(huán)波57outlook on artslinear strength and circular grace 藝術觀藝術觀線剛環(huán)柔線剛環(huán)柔58chinese culturewestern culturefarming culture fishing & hunting cultureland culture ocean culture tranquil culture moving culture harmony and stability stressed exploration and inn

25、ovation stressedinward & inclusive culture outward & enterprising culture strength in image thinking strength in logic thinking unified integrity advocated individual independence respectedintegration &implicitness sought division & explicitness valued59中國文化中國文化西方文化西方文化 農(nóng)耕文化 漁獵文化 大陸文

26、化 海洋文化 喜靜文化 愛動文化 追求和諧穩(wěn)定 強調(diào)開拓進取內(nèi)向的涵容型文化 外向的斗爭型文化 長于形象思維 強于邏輯思維 倡導整體統(tǒng)一 尊重個體獨立 善長綜合追求含蓄 善長分析推崇清晰60conclusion 結論結論western culture is comparatively linear.chinese culture is relatively circular.西方文化西方文化相對以線性為特征相對以線性為特征中國文化中國文化相對以環(huán)性為特征相對以環(huán)性為特征61 no generalization can be pushed to an extreme, but prof. zuo does not push. on the contrary, his symbolic contrast between western anglo-american and eastern sinitic worldviews is insightful, stimulating, challenging and pote