英語語法5介詞_第1頁
英語語法5介詞_第2頁
英語語法5介詞_第3頁
英語語法5介詞_第4頁
英語語法5介詞_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩9頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、Unit 4 介詞 介詞又叫前置詞,表示它后面的名詞或代詞(或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句)與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞不能在句中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,而需要與名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或者從句構(gòu)成介詞短語,在句中充當(dāng)某一成分。介詞后面的名詞或者相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或者從句都是介詞的賓語。介詞可分為:簡單介詞(基本介詞)about,in,on,with等合成介詞into,without等短語介詞 according to,apart from,for the sake of等6-1 常見介詞的用法about(1) 關(guān)于,有關(guān)The scientist told us a story about the

2、 discovery of penicillin? 科學(xué)家給我們講了一個(gè)怎樣發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉素的故事。(2) 到處,在周圍The papers were lying about the room? 房間里到處散落著報(bào)紙。above(1) 高于,在之上(表示位置)The plane was flying above the clouds? 飛機(jī)在云層上面飛行。(2) (表示數(shù)目、價(jià)錢、重量等)大于,超過Above 4,000 people became homeless after the earthquake? 地震之后,4千多人無家可歸。There are above forty girl stud

3、ents in this class? 這個(gè)班的女生有40多名。(3) (引導(dǎo)意義)非能力所及,不至于(做出),超過This book is above me? 這本書太難,我看不懂。He wouldnt cheat in the exam; hes above that? 他考試不會作弊,他還不至于那么做。across(1) (方向)橫過,穿過,從一邊到另一邊Please draw a line across the page? 請?jiān)诖隧摦嬕粭l線。The policeman helped the old man across the street? 警察扶那位老人過街。(2) (位置)在對面

4、,在那一邊There is a big department store right across the street? 街正對面就有一家大百貨商店。after(1) (時(shí)間、順序)在之后Shut the door after you, please? 請隨手關(guān)門。After you, please? 您先請(您先走)。(2) 追趕,追求,追尋This is what Im after. 這就是我要找的東西。The police are after the murderer? 警察在追捕那個(gè)殺人犯。(3) 仿照,依照This is a building designed after the

5、Parthenon? against(1) 撞到,緊靠,倚靠The rain beat against the windows? 雨點(diǎn)擊打著窗戶。He hit his head against a wall and hurt himself? 他的頭撞到墻上受傷了。(2) 反對,逆向Are you for or against this suggestion? 你是贊成還是反對這個(gè)建議?They were rowing against the current? 他們劃船逆流而上。along 沿著,順著Travelling along the east coast of Australia is

6、 great fun? 沿澳大利亞東海岸航行樂趣橫生。among(1) 在中間,在之中(通常用于3個(gè)或3個(gè)以上之中)I found the thief among the crowd? 我在人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了那個(gè)賊。(2) 之一Madam Curie is among the greatest scientists? 居里夫人是最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。as(1) 作為,當(dāng)作I speak now as a friend,not as a teacher? 現(xiàn)在我以朋友而不是以老師的身份說話。(2) 如同;像He was dressed as a clown. 他打扮得像小丑。 at(1) (表示地點(diǎn))在

7、at home 在家at my aunts 在我姑姑家at the door 在門口at the barbers 在理發(fā)店We arrived at the airport to meet Mr Jackson? 我們到機(jī)場去接杰克遜先生。(2) (表示時(shí)間)在時(shí)(刻),在歲(時(shí))at dawn 在黎明 at midnight 在半夜at Christmas 在圣誕節(jié)at noon / night 在正午/夜晚(3) (表示狀態(tài))在,正在,在中 at table 在進(jìn)餐 at war 正在交戰(zhàn)at work 在工作at school 在上學(xué)at play 在玩 at rest 在休息He ne

8、ver smokes at work? 他工作時(shí)從不抽煙。(4) (表示速度、價(jià)格等)以,按The car ran at (the speed of) 40 miles an hour? 這車以每小時(shí)40英里的速度行駛。I bought it at a low price? 我以低價(jià)買進(jìn)。The pen was sold at three dollars? 這支鋼筆賣3美元。before(1) (時(shí)間)在以前It is impossible for us to finish the work before noon? 中午以前我們完成工作是不可能的。(2) (位置)在前面,當(dāng)著的面 He fe

9、lt nervous when making a speech before a large audience for the first time? 他第一次在許多聽眾面前發(fā)表演說感到緊張。(3) (順序)在之前,先于Think twice before acting? 三思而后行。behind(1) (時(shí)間)較晚,遲于,晚于She arrived five minutes behind time? 她遲到了5分鐘。(2) (位置)在的后面Look out!There is someone behind you? 當(dāng)心!你后面有人。(3) (力量、能力)不如,落后于,低于I am far b

10、ehind you in English? 我的英語遠(yuǎn)不如你好。below(1) (位置)在之下Dive below the surface of the water and youll find a wonderful world? 潛入水中,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)精彩的世界。(2) (數(shù)量、程度、價(jià)值、位次、能力、年齡等)低于,在以下below a person in rank / intelligence 在級別 / 智力上比某人低below the average income 低于平均收入beside(1) (地點(diǎn))在旁邊,在附近There is a power station beside

11、the river? 河流旁有座發(fā)電站。(2) 和相比Beside his,my painting looks childish? 與他的相比,我的畫顯得很幼稚。between(1) (時(shí)間、位置、數(shù)量)在之間The murder occurred between 11:00 and 13:00 oclock? 謀殺發(fā)生在11點(diǎn)到13點(diǎn)之間。beyond(1) (時(shí)間)過了,比晚,遲于Her parents were angry at her staying outside beyond midningt? 她的父母非常生氣,因?yàn)樗^了午夜還待在外面。They arrived beyond n

12、ine oclock? 他們過了9點(diǎn)才到。(2) (位置)在的那邊,在以外Why she did it is beyond my comprehension? 她為什么做此事,我不明白。Youll find the house beyond the trees? 在樹林那邊你會找到那間房屋。(3) (范圍)超過,為所不及,超出的范圍This book is beyond me? 這本書我看不懂。He is living beyond his income? 他的生活入不敷出。(4) 除外(用于否定句或疑問句)We can do nothing beyond what we have done

13、already? 除了所做的之外,我們無能為力了。by(1) (時(shí)間)不遲于,到時(shí)(為止)By the end of last term,we had learned 3,000 words? 到上學(xué)期期末,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了3000個(gè)單詞。He is sure to come by three oclock? 到3點(diǎn)他肯定會來。(2) (位置)靠近,在旁,在身邊The murder occurred in a house by the river? 謀殺案發(fā)生在河邊的一所房子里。Come and sit by me? 過來坐在我身邊。(3) (方法、手段)靠,用,以,通過,乘by ship / s

14、ea 乘船by plane /air 乘飛機(jī)by land 經(jīng)陸路by letter 用信 by chance 碰巧4) (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、度量、數(shù)量)根據(jù),按,以In America many workers are paid by the week? 在美國很多工人按周領(lǐng)薪。down 沿著,沿向下Tears ran down her cheeks? 淚水從她臉頰流下。during 在期間,在的時(shí)候He came during your absence? 你不在時(shí),他來過。They played during the morning? 整個(gè)上午他們都在玩。except(1) 除之外(從整體中去除一部分

15、)They all got gold medals except him? 除了他,他們都得了金牌。There was little I could do except wait? 除了等待,我無事可做。for(1) (表示目的、目標(biāo)、用途)為,替(代),對于,給Im going to this shop for some snacks? 我到商店去買點(diǎn)小吃。(2) (表示方向、傾向、能力)向,往He has just left for the station? 他剛剛動身去火車站。She has a gift for foreign languages? 她有學(xué)習(xí)外語的天賦。(3) 支持,贊

16、成Are you for or against this plan? 你是贊成還是反對這個(gè)計(jì)劃?He was for having the TV set repaired? 他主張修好那臺電視機(jī)。(4) (表示原因)因?yàn)椋捎贖angzhou is famous for its beautiful West Lake? 杭州以美麗的西湖著名。He was punished for stealing? 他因偷竊受罰。from(1) (時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的起點(diǎn))從,自The train for Shanghai leaves from platform 3? 開往上海的列車由第三站臺發(fā)車。(2) (表示距

17、離、間隔)離It is 21 miles from Dover to Calais? 從多佛爾到加萊有21英里。He was absent from school? 他缺課了。(3) (表示來源,出處)從來,出自Many English words are derived from Latin? 很多英文詞是從拉丁語派生的。She got a letter from her mother? 她收到媽媽的一封來信。in(1) (表示場所、地點(diǎn))在里,在中,在上in class 在課堂上 in bed 在床上in the street 在街上in the train 在火車上(2) (表示狀態(tài)、情

18、況)在之中,處于The house is in good repair. 這所房子保養(yǎng)得不錯(cuò)。They are all in good health? 他們都很健康。(3) (表示方式、方法)用,以It's written in ink? 這是用墨水寫的。He always talks in a low voice? 他總是小聲說話。(4) (表示范圍、領(lǐng)域、關(guān)系)在上,在方面As is well known,our country is rich in natural resources? 眾所周知,我國自然資源豐富。He is strong / weak in English? 他

19、的英語好/差。(5) 穿著,戴著She was in red. 他穿著紅衣服。the man in the hat 戴帽子的男士inside(1) 在內(nèi),在里 I was asked to finish the work inside two days? 要求我在兩天內(nèi)完成此項(xiàng)工作。They played inside the yard? 他們在院子里玩耍。like(1) 像,似,如,和一樣The moon looks like a silver plate? 月亮看起來像只銀盤。I wish I could swim like a fish? 要是我能像魚那樣游泳就好了。(2) 好像The

20、soup tastes like rain? 湯寡淡無味。off(1) 從,離開,離The cover has come off my maths textbook? 我的數(shù)學(xué)課本的封面脫了。Keep off the grass? 勿踏草地on(1) (表示位置)在上,靠近,沿著,在旁邊The hotel is on the lake? 那個(gè)旅館坐落在湖邊。(2) (表示時(shí)間)在(星期幾,某日,某日的早、中、晚等)的時(shí)候He came on the morning of May 1? 他是5月1日上午來的。We have no lessons on Sunday? 星期天我們不上課。(3) (

21、表示關(guān)系)關(guān)于,有關(guān),論及He has written an article on the importance of reducing and controlling environmental pollution? 他寫了一篇有關(guān)治理環(huán)境污染的重要性的文章。I bought a book on gardening? 我買了一本有關(guān)園藝的書。round(1) (表示運(yùn)動趨向)環(huán)繞,到的各處,向四周,繞行The earth moves round the sun? 地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(2) (表示地點(diǎn))在周圍,在附近Look!The children are sitting round thei

22、r teacher? 瞧,孩子們正圍著老師坐著。(3) 大約Its round 5 oclock? 現(xiàn)在大約五點(diǎn)through(1) (表示時(shí)間)從開始到結(jié)束,在之中He remained there all through the year? 他在那里待了一年。Owing to urgent business,some of the staff had to work through the weekend?由于業(yè)務(wù)緊急,一些職員只好整個(gè)周末都工作。(2) (表示空間)穿過,通過,貫穿The river flows through the city from west to east? 這條

23、河由西向東流經(jīng)這個(gè)城市。(3) (表示方法、手段)通過,經(jīng)由,以,因?yàn)镮 got to know of it through Professor Smith? 我通過史密斯教授獲悉此事。We can observe the sky through this telescope? 我們能通過這個(gè)望遠(yuǎn)鏡觀察天空。to(1) (表示方向)到去,向,往He went to California last year? 他去年去了加利福尼亞。Japan lies to the east of China? 日本位于中國的東面。(2) (表示目的)為了Lets drink to the health of

24、our beloved teachers? 讓我們?yōu)槲覀兙磹鄣睦蠋焸兊纳眢w健康干杯!They sat down to dinner? 他們坐下來吃飯。(3) (表示比較)比,比較,對They won the game by 5 to 4? 他們以5:4贏了那場比賽。I prefer oranges to apples? 我比較喜歡橘子,而不是蘋果。toward(s)(1) (表示運(yùn)動、方向)向,朝It is known to all that the sunflower always turns toward the sun?眾所周知,葵花總是朝著太陽。They walked toward t

25、he lake? 他們朝那個(gè)湖走去。(2) (表示關(guān)系)對于Gradually,the Australian government changed its attitude toward the Aboriginesthe first Australians who arrived there about 53,000 years ago? 漸漸地,澳大利亞政府改變了對待澳大利亞土著居民的態(tài)度他們就是五萬三千年前抵達(dá)澳大利亞的第一批澳大利亞人。(3) (表示時(shí)間)將近,接近I went to bed toward midnight? 我將近午夜才睡覺。He is toward seventy years old? 他快70歲了。(4) (表示目的)為了under(1) (表示位置)在下面,在之下,在之內(nèi)The ship sailed under the bridge? 輪船在橋下行駛。(2) (表示年齡、數(shù)量、重量、程度、地位等)低于,少于,在之下As a young man u

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論