德國包豪斯設(shè)計與未來設(shè)計趨勢外文翻譯

1、germany bauhaus design and future design trend【abstract】german bauhaus had a significant influence on the modern design education, meanwhile, it established the foundation of the leading position in the world for german industrial design. through analyzing on current industrial design conditions fro

2、m different countries, art design is considered as the main part of industrial design. this paper reviewed the last 10 years development of industrial design program in zhejiang university of science and technology. the industrial design program have taken considerable achievements in many fields, s

3、uch as the practice of germany model, disciplines construction, teaching reform, manufactures & college cooperation, project teaching and design competitions. and you cannot ignore the industrial design ten trend【keywords】 bauhaus, industrial design, project teaching, practice ，10 industrial des

4、ign trends 1. german bauhaus and industrial design in 1919, the bauhaus school had been built in weimar, germany. this have been called the “cradle of world industrial design”, the milestone in the art design history. bauhaus believed that the foremost thing is letting the students explore their own

5、 design ways, rather than just teaching them the teachers ways; developing students independent and critical thinking ability rather than imposing certain design styles on them. compared with other design schools that had similar education philosophies, bauhaus had distinctive education philosophy.

6、it took thorough reform on the traditional art design education system and established art design as a new professional discipline. meanwhile, walter gropius, the founder of bauhaus made “unity of art and technology” as the dominant design education philosophy. one of bauhaus initiative works is pur

7、ifying the forms of general industrial products. bauhaus stressed that the product forms should be designed based on basic geometric patterns such as cubes, squares and circles. the product forms and outlines should be simple and varied in different ways and follow abstract form principles and aesth

8、etics. because bauhauss brave and aggressive exploring and reform, it took significant key influence on the forming of modernism art style and made the bauhaus design a world-wide reputation. therefore bauhaus became the milestone of modern art design history. american artist joseph sinel first ment

9、ioned the term of industrial design in 1919. however in china, until 1983, the ministry of education had conformed industrial design discipline as the sample major of general colleges. the original name of the major is “product forming” for art students. in 1998 the national major category had been

10、adjusted to be integrated into the international conventions. the “product forming” major had removed the focus from the product forms to the area of researching the human-product-environment relationships. the name had been replaced by “industrial design” and the major had been set for both enginee

11、ring and art education schools. bauhaus had many top european artists at that time, such as itten, kandinsky, and klee etc. they are famous abstract painters. their teaching cultivated the bauhaus students and contributed to the 20s century art design. most of famous industrial designers such as phi

12、lippe starck, marc newson and yves béhar are graduated from the art design schools. their success proved that the art design education is effective for industrial design education. the product form design is still an important aspect in undergraduate industrial design studies and the industrial

13、 design is an important component of current famous art design schools. royal college of art norwegian institute of art and design university of duisburg-essen, politecnico di milano, hannover university of applied sciences and arts (fh hannover), their industrial design departments are belong to ar

14、t and design schools. america: according to a survey of idsa (the industrial designers society of america) in 1998, there are 49 institutes that have industrial design undergraduate or graduate programs registered in idsa list. typical industrial design majors usually are set in art schools, which c

15、an grant bachelor degree in fine arts or science. most of them got the certification of nasad (national association of schools of art and design). only 15 in the 49 schools did not get the certification. idsa declared that 5 years later, only the certified the industrial design majors can get be rec

16、ognized. there are 37 industrial design majors in universities, 6 in design colleges, 4 in art schools. this situation did not vary in current years. asia: in japan, industrial design majors also set in art schools or independent industrial design faculties, such as tokyo zokei university, musashino

17、 art university, tama art university, and university of tsukuba etc. in hongkong, the hong kong polytechnic university has famous industrial design programs. in taiwan, shih chien university, national cheng kung university, national yunlin university of science & technology have famous industria

18、l design programs. in mainland of china, jiangnan university, tsinghua university, hunan university, tongji university and the guangzhou academic of fine arts all have their industrial design departments in the art design schools or departments. 2 .10 industrial design trends you can't ignore2.1

19、design for a causecompanies including herman miller and american apparel are promoting their ideals through design. yves béhar's leaf lamp for herman miller (shown) uses a biomorphic grid of leds, which consume 40% percent less energy than fluorescent lights and last for 100,000 hours. and

20、nike plans to make its entire footwear line out of sustainable materials by 2010.2.2simplexitysteve mccallion, executive creative director of portland, ore.-based industrial design firm ziba design, says there's a trend toward "simplexity," products that have many functions but are app

21、roachable, ergonomically correct and easy to use-like apple's iphone. the baby boomers have also propelled simplexity; as the generation ages, the need for easy-to-use, at-home medical equipment becomes greater. ami verhalen, director of industrial design at madison, wis.-based design concepts,

22、says that in-home health care will be a huge driver for product innovation in the upcoming decade.2.3personalizationfrom nike id shoes to build-a-bear teddies, retailers are adding a "build your own" element to brands. do it yourself-or diy-serves as an important element of this trend. pub

23、lications like ready made magazine and books like designer wendy mullin's sew u encourage consumers to put their own spin on things.2.4globalizationlike other industries, outsourcing has affected international design. today a designer in delhi might be working with a manufacturer in columbus. st

24、eve mccallion says that the globalization of product design has created internet communities that enable more people to participate in the design process. companies like kid robot can employ toy designers from tokyo to tucson with greater ease than ever.2.5ornamentationin fashion design, we're s

25、eeing a return to minimalism, but in home decor, ornate details are in fashion. for the first time in decades, wallpaper is in fashion, and the details are rich-brocades, velvets and jewel-tone colors. long-forgotten textile designers like florence broadhurst and vera neumann are receiving attention

26、 from a new generation of design-savvy consumers.2.6polarization of designbig-box or luxury retailer? many experts say that design has been polarized, with innovative products available at both the very high end (neiman marcus, moss) and the very low end (target, ikea). meanwhile, midrange retailers

27、 like macy's suffer from lack of fresh, on-trend ideas. that isolates the huge chunk of the population that can afford something higher-end than the $200 malm bed at ikea but scoff at the price of a $16,000 hastens mattress.2.7pink designgadgets are a guy's game, right? not if you consider t

28、he latest products with feminine mystique. motorola released a lipstick pink razr cellphone, and more recently, lg released a prada phone. more and more manufacturers are creating sleeker, feminized versions of their clunky, chunky products, and both men and women are biting. want proof of the femin

29、ization of product design? just check out g, which rates several items a day as "geek chic" or "just plain geeky."2.8mass imperfectionsome designers are creating intentionally flawed pieces, like designer jason miller's duct tape chair or bodum's pavina glassware collecti

30、on, which uses mouth-blown double-walled glass, giving each piece a slight variation in height, thickness and weight. whiskered and weathered textiles-on denim as well as furniture and tapestries-are more recognizable examples of intentional imperfection in production.2.9craftas mass retailers like

31、target become more design-focused, there's a countertrend of independent manufacturers and designers creating one-off, heirloom pieces. where to find these limited-edition treasures? artisan e-commerce sites like e, classical craft companies like heath ceramics and modernist design houses such a

32、s design within reach.2.10focus on the other 90%anthony pannozzo, vice president of design strategy at waltham, mass.-based firm herbst lazar bell, says that well-designed products are available to only 10% of the world's population. however, more and more designers are starting to cater to cons

33、umers in africa, asia and latin america.【references】 1 s z wang. “a history of modern design”, china youth press, beijing, 2002 2 d.s. yang. “a discussion of the differences in industrial design education between china and germany from the workshop project practice”, journal of hefei university (nat

34、ural sciences), 2006:21-22 3 rosson m.b, j.m.carroll. “usability engineering: scenario-based development of human-computer interaction”, san francisco:morgan kaufmann, 2002 4 kevin n. otto, kristin l wood. “product design: techniques in reverse engineering and new product development”, tsinghua univ

35、ersity press, beijing, 20035industrial design history herenke beijing institute of technology press6the modern history of design wangshouzhi china youth press7product system design wuxiang china light industry press8design of productsmagazine9 l. axon, k. garry etc.，an evaluation of cfd for modeling

36、 the flow around stationary and rotating isolated wheel, sae 980034 10 n. horinouchi, y. kato etc., numerical investigation of vehicle aerodynamics with overlaid grid system, sae 950628 11 u. b. mehta, some aspects of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics results, journal of fluids engineering

37、 transactions of the asme, dec. 1991, vol. 113, pp538 - 543 12 star-cd user guide version 3.10, computational dynamics limited 1999 13 star-cd tutorial manual vol. 1 tutorial 1 tutorial 7 version 3.10, computational dynamics 【中文翻譯】德國包豪斯設(shè)計與未來設(shè)計趨勢摘要德國包豪斯有顯著的影響,與此同時,現(xiàn)代設(shè)計教育奠定了基礎(chǔ),它處于世界領(lǐng)先地位的德國工業(yè)設(shè)計。通過分析當(dāng)前工

38、業(yè)設(shè)計條件不同國家、藝術(shù)設(shè)計是考慮為主體的工業(yè)設(shè)計。本文綜述了近10年的發(fā)展工業(yè)設(shè)計的程序。工業(yè)設(shè)計的程序已經(jīng)采取了相當(dāng)大的成就,在很多領(lǐng)域,如德國的實踐模式,專業(yè)建設(shè)、教學(xué)改革、生產(chǎn)及工程學(xué)院合作,教學(xué)和設(shè)計競賽與你不能忽視的未來工業(yè)設(shè)計十個趨勢。關(guān)鍵詞：包豪斯、工業(yè)設(shè)計、項目教學(xué)、實踐、工業(yè)設(shè)計十個趨勢1.德國包豪斯和工業(yè)設(shè)計1919年,學(xué)校已建造了包豪斯魏瑪,德國。這被稱為“世界工業(yè)設(shè)計的搖籃”,這一里程碑式的藝術(shù)設(shè)計的歷史。包豪斯認(rèn)為,最重要的事情就是讓學(xué)生探究他們自己設(shè)計的方式,而不是教他們老師的方法;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生獨立思考、批判思維能力而不是把某些設(shè)計風(fēng)格對他們。相較于其他具有相似的設(shè)計

39、學(xué)校教育,具有獨特的教育哲學(xué),包豪斯哲學(xué)。它花了徹底改革對傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)設(shè)計教育體系,建立了藝術(shù)設(shè)計作為一種新的專業(yè)的學(xué)科。與此同時,沃爾特gropius,它的創(chuàng)始人的包豪斯就提出了“統(tǒng)一的藝術(shù)與技術(shù)”為主導(dǎo)設(shè)計教育哲學(xué)。包豪斯的作品之一,是主動凈化形式的一般工業(yè)產(chǎn)品。包豪斯強(qiáng)調(diào),該產(chǎn)品形態(tài)的設(shè)計應(yīng)基于基本的幾何模式,如立方體、方形和圓圈。產(chǎn)品的形式,并概述了應(yīng)該簡單和多樣的以不同的方式和遵循抽象形式原則和美學(xué)。因為包豪斯的勇敢和積極的探索和改革,就采取重大關(guān)鍵影響現(xiàn)代主義藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的形成,使包豪斯設(shè)計一個世界級的聲譽。因此包豪斯成為了現(xiàn)代設(shè)計藝術(shù)歷史的里程碑。美國藝術(shù)家約瑟sinel第一次提到了術(shù)語

40、的工業(yè)設(shè)計在1919年。然而在中國,直到1983年,教育部已符合工業(yè)設(shè)計學(xué)科與樣品主要普通高校。原來的名字叫“產(chǎn)品形成的主要是“為藝術(shù)的學(xué)生。在1998年國家重點范疇被調(diào)整到被整合到國際公約?！爸饕摹碑a(chǎn)品形成早已把焦點從產(chǎn)品形態(tài)等領(lǐng)域的研究human-product-environment關(guān)系。這個名字已經(jīng)取代“工業(yè)設(shè)計”和一些主要的設(shè)立對于工程與藝術(shù)教育的學(xué)校。包豪斯有許多歐洲頂級藝術(shù)家們在這段時間內(nèi),如康丁斯基、克里等。他們是著名的抽象畫家。他們的教學(xué)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生,并導(dǎo)致包豪斯的20世紀(jì)的藝術(shù)設(shè)計的。最著名的工業(yè)設(shè)計師如菲利普starck behar marc newson和馬卡是畢業(yè)于美術(shù)

41、設(shè)計學(xué)校。他們的成功證明,藝術(shù)設(shè)計教育的工業(yè)設(shè)計教育是有效的。產(chǎn)品形態(tài)設(shè)計仍然是一個重要的方面,在本科工業(yè)設(shè)計研究工業(yè)設(shè)計是當(dāng)前的一個重要組成部分,著名的藝術(shù)設(shè)計學(xué)校。挪威皇家藝術(shù)學(xué)院藝術(shù)設(shè)計學(xué)院,大學(xué)politecnico duisburg-essen嘀米蘭,漢諾威大學(xué)的應(yīng)用科學(xué)和藝術(shù)(跳頻漢諾威工業(yè)設(shè)計部門),他們都屬于藝術(shù)與設(shè)計的學(xué)校。根據(jù)一項調(diào)查:美國的工業(yè)設(shè)計師協(xié)會(idsa舉辦的美國)在1998年,有49個學(xué)院,從而有工業(yè)設(shè)計本科或研究生項目注冊于idsa舉辦的列表。典型的工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)學(xué)生通常都設(shè)置在藝術(shù)學(xué)校,可以獲得本科及以上學(xué)歷,美術(shù)或相關(guān)專業(yè)。大多數(shù)人都得到認(rèn)證的學(xué)校nasa

42、d(國家協(xié)會的藝術(shù)與設(shè)計)。只有15學(xué)校沒有得到認(rèn)證。五年后的idsa舉辦的宣稱,只有注冊的工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)學(xué)生能得到被認(rèn)可。其中有37工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)在大學(xué),6日在設(shè)計學(xué)院、4在藝術(shù)學(xué)校。這種情況沒有變化在目前的年。亞洲:在日本,工業(yè)設(shè)計專業(yè)學(xué)生在藝術(shù)學(xué)校也設(shè)置或獨立的工業(yè)設(shè)計學(xué)院,如東京藝術(shù)大學(xué)zokei大學(xué),musashino阿玉升官后,還藝術(shù)大學(xué)和大學(xué)景文科技等。在香港,香港理工大學(xué)已經(jīng)知名的工業(yè)設(shè)計程序。在臺灣,施明德簡簡單單的大學(xué),成功大學(xué)機(jī)械系,國立云林科技大學(xué)及技術(shù)有著名的工業(yè)設(shè)計程序。在中國大陸,江南大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、湖南大學(xué)、同濟(jì)大學(xué)、廣州學(xué)術(shù)美術(shù)作品的工業(yè)設(shè)計部門,都有自己的藝術(shù)設(shè)

43、計學(xué)?；虿块T。2你不能忽視的工業(yè)設(shè)計十個趨勢2.1用意很強(qiáng)的設(shè)計像herman miller 和 american apparel這樣的公司在內(nèi)的設(shè)計團(tuán)體都通過設(shè)計來激發(fā)他們的靈感。yves béhar為herman miller公司設(shè)計的葉片形燈具（如圖所示），通過應(yīng)用生物形態(tài)類的格柵狀液晶顯示器，相比較普通的白熾燈來說，不僅降低40%的能耗，而且可以連續(xù)發(fā)光100,000小時。就連同耐克公司都計劃到2010年實現(xiàn)他們生產(chǎn)的鞋類產(chǎn)品的材料能夠全部耐度十足而不起皺。2.2設(shè)計的簡潔化，少即是多據(jù)波特蘭一家叫做ziba設(shè)計公司的執(zhí)行總裁steve mccallion的說法，設(shè)計有一種趨

44、向簡潔化的勢頭，這些產(chǎn)品不僅擁有很多的功能，而且非常的人性化，人們很容易接受，使用起來也很方便，像apple's iphone. 居家?guī)Ш⒆拥娜藗円埠芡瞥绾啙嵒売谠诤⒆觿偵聛硇枰疹櫟倪@段時間，所用的東西、家庭醫(yī)療設(shè)備符合簡便易用的需求越來越多。麥迪遜一家專門從事概念設(shè)計的工業(yè)設(shè)計公司的老板ami verhalen說，居家健康護(hù)理的需求將成為未來十年產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新的有力推動器。2.3設(shè)計的私人化、個性化不論從耐克的鞋子設(shè)計，還是到build-a-bear的連衫襯褲設(shè)計，零售商們無一不在各種品牌中加入“塑造你自己”這個理念。親手來打造你自己-或者diy-為我們詮釋了這樣一個非常重要的趨勢

45、。大眾出版物像ready made雜志，還有像設(shè)計師wendy mullin在他的sew u一書中，都在鼓勵消費者在他們自己的所用之物中加入自己的想法。2.4設(shè)計的全球化像其他行業(yè)一樣，產(chǎn)品外包也正在影響著全球的設(shè)計。在當(dāng)今，一位在印度德里的設(shè)計師也許要和遠(yuǎn)在美國哥倫布的制造商一起工作。steve mccallion 說，產(chǎn)品設(shè)計的全球化創(chuàng)造了國際間的交流，使得更多的人參與進(jìn)了設(shè)計的過程。像類似 kid robot的一些公司就能從東京比以往更容易雇傭玩具設(shè)計師到美國圖森 。2.5設(shè)計中的裝飾味更濃在時尚設(shè)計領(lǐng)域，我們正在看到人們向保守主義回歸，但是在家居裝潢風(fēng)格來說，卻是細(xì)節(jié)裝飾味十足的潮流大

46、行其道。在頭幾十年的起步階段，墻紙比較流行，細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)計也多是繁飾錦簇，鵝絨質(zhì)感，類寶石顏色。離開人們視線很久的紡織品設(shè)計師們像florence broadhurst和vera neumann就慢慢將注意力集中在對設(shè)計考究的消費者身上。2.6設(shè)計趨于兩極化這是個大盒子還是件奢侈品？許多專家指出，此種設(shè)計體現(xiàn)的既是高品位(neiman marcus, moss)又是平民化(target, ikea)的定位，使得這樣的極具創(chuàng)意的產(chǎn)品走向兩種極端。與此同時，處于中間定位的設(shè)計者，像macy一類的人飽受缺少創(chuàng)意和不能迎合時尚之苦。這樣的結(jié)果就是直接導(dǎo)致大量的消費者更多的原意接受像在ikea的 $200的 malm床墊也不愿問及價格不菲的高達(dá)$16,000的一件hastens床墊。2.7中性設(shè)計小玩意兒是一款個人游戲，是嗎？如果你僅僅把最近的產(chǎn)品看成是帶有女性