現(xiàn)在分詞的用法

1、Grammar and usage八灘高二英語備課組八灘高二英語備課組 葛衛(wèi)紅葛衛(wèi)紅There are many sleeping students in class. （表語）（表語）（定語）（定語）Feeling the lesson is boring, the students are sleepy.The students feel the lesson boring.The lesson is boring.（賓補）（賓補）（狀語）（狀語）功功 能能定語定語表語表語賓語補足語賓語補足語狀語狀語 In the following years he worked even harder

2、. The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father. The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. He kept the car waiting at the gate.1. He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 2. Havin

3、g finished their work, they had a rest. 3. The large building being built is a library. 4. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.（一般式）（一般式）（完成式）（完成式）（被動語態(tài)）（被動語態(tài)）（被動完成式）（被動完成式）時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)和語態(tài)3. The man who is running in the picture is Liu Xiang.2. The man running inthe picture is Liu

4、 Xiang.1. a running man 一一、 V-ing used as attribute:The factory making TV sets is very large. The main road being built will be completed next year.此處為什么用此處為什么用being built The main road_will be completed next yearthat/which is being builtThe main road _(build) next week is benefical to our life.to b

5、e builtcci此處的此處的to be built是什么形式做什么成分？你能是什么形式做什么成分？你能體味它和體味它和being built 的不同嗎？的不同嗎？The factory which makes TV sets is very large.1.That was an extremely interesting speech.2.A wood-burning stove is environmentally unfriendly.Note :副詞或名詞可以和現(xiàn)在分詞在副詞或名詞可以和現(xiàn)在分詞在一起構(gòu)成復合名詞一起構(gòu)成復合名詞 翻譯：1.令人信服的證據(jù)2.一段難熬的時光3.正在討

6、論的問題4.即將在會上討論的問題5.令人驚異的人6.迅速發(fā)展的經(jīng)濟7.經(jīng)營這個工廠的老板the convincing envidencea trying timethe problem being discussedthe problem to be discussed at the meetingthe amazing personthe fast-growing economythe boss running the factory小小 結(jié)結(jié):V-ing形式作定語可表示動作正在進行或形式作定語可表示動作正在進行或表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動關(guān)系。表示和所修飾詞之間有邏輯主動關(guān)系。單個單個V

7、-ing詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于名詞作定語修飾名詞一般置于名詞之前；詞之前；V-ing詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞詞組修飾名詞則置于名詞之后，此時相當于一個定語從句。之后，此時相當于一個定語從句。 2.We noticed a lot of people_ (wait) to enter the stadium. 二二、 V-ing used as Object Complement: 1. We saw some students_(play) basketball on the playground.3.They have the fire_(burn) all night. playingwa

8、itingburningV-ing形式作賓語補足語置形式作賓語補足語置于賓語之后，表示一個正在于賓語之后，表示一個正在進行的動作（如例進行的動作（如例1、2），），或強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)?；驈娬{(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。（如例（如例3）小小 結(jié)結(jié) ：V-ing形式作賓語補足語的常見動詞：形式作賓語補足語的常見動詞：小小 結(jié)結(jié) ： 表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等。等。2) 表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有

9、have, set, keep, get, catch, leave，等。如：，等。如：V-ing形式作賓語補足語時，往形式作賓語補足語時，往往同賓語存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系。往同賓語存在邏輯主謂關(guān)系。1. He was often heard_(sing)the English songs.2.He was heard _(sing) the English song when I passed by.3.He left the fire _(burn) all night.4.The student was caught _(cheat) in the exam.PracticeFill in t

10、he blanks with the verb given in its proper form.to singsingingburningcheating 當我們回到學校時當我們回到學校時, 發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。 When we returned to the school, we _at the entrance. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。 I _on the ground. 那老板讓工人整夜地工作。那老板讓工人整夜地工作。 The boss _the whole night. found a stranger standingfou

11、nd a bag lyingkept/had the workers workingPracticeComplete the sentences: with+賓語賓語+to do With+賓語賓語+done With+賓語賓語+doing1.With so many difficult problems _(solve),he could travel with his wife.2.With so many difficult problems _(solve),he couldnt travel with his wife.3.With the man _ (solve) so many

12、 difficult problems,he could travel with his wife.4.He had to come back home with his money_/_(用光）用光） solvedto solveslovingrunning outrun out of 他對母親的關(guān)愛很感人。他對母親的關(guān)愛很感人。His concern for his mother is _.三、三、V ing used as predicativetouching/moving -ing形式作表語時放在系動詞之后，現(xiàn)在分詞作表形式作表語時放在系動詞之后，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語語,相當于形容詞相當于

13、形容詞,表示主語的性質(zhì)表示主語的性質(zhì) The film is interesting. 小提示小提示：動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可用：動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞可用very來鑒來鑒別別:在在v-ing前加上前加上very句意說得通的是現(xiàn)在分句意說得通的是現(xiàn)在分詞詞,說不通的是動名詞說不通的是動名詞. interesting使人感興趣的 interested感興趣的exciting令人激動的 excited感到激動的delighting令人高興的 delighted感到高興的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的 encouraged感到鼓舞的ple

14、asing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人費解的 puzzled感到費解的satisfying令人滿意的 satisfied感到滿意的surprising令人驚異的 surprised感到驚異的worrying令人擔心的 worried感到擔心的1.There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed2. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all n

15、ight. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burnedMultiple choice: 3.The flowers _sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt4. The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.A. to work B. working C. to h

16、ave worked D. having worked5. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket into a passengerA. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting6. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. smoke B. smoking A.C. to smoke D. smoked四四、 V-ing used as an adverb: V-ing詞組可以在句

17、中充當時間、原詞組可以在句中充當時間、原 因因、 結(jié)果結(jié)果、條件條件、伴隨伴隨 、讓步等狀語。讓步等狀語。-ing短語作時間狀語一般置于句首。如：短語作時間狀語一般置于句首。如：Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. =When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 當聽到這個不幸的消息時，他們情不自禁地哭了起當聽到這個不幸的消息時，他們情不自禁地哭了起來。來。1. 作時間狀語作時間狀語收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。收到他的信后，我決定給他回信。 _ I decided to

18、 write back. =_, I decided to write backHaving received his letterAfter I had received his letter，Asking around , I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly._, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are envi

19、ronmentally friendly.When I ask around _(observe) the problem for many years ,he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time._years,he announced that we are now facing the biggest environmental problem of our time.當現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表示時間時，當現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表示時間時，可以和可以和when,after 等引導的

20、時間狀語從句互換等引導的時間狀語從句互換Having observedAfter he had observed the problem for many ,_(criticize)by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老師批評以后，他把煙戒了Having been criticizedAfter he had benn criticized_by the teacher,he gave up smoking-ing短語作原因狀語。如：短語作原因狀語。如：Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.=Because/sinc

21、e /as he was so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. 因為太生氣了，他不能入睡。因為太生氣了，他不能入睡。2. 作原因狀語作原因狀語Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with him_we couldnt get in touch with himAs /Because /Since we didnt know her adress， We are making bigger holes in the nets, _(hope) to avoid catching fish that are

22、 not fully grown.We are making bigger holes in the nets,because we hope to avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.= _(not know) what to do, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道該做什么，我只好在家里等著不知道該做什么，我只好在家里等著_,I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.hopingNot knowingAs I didnt k

23、now what to do _(suffer) from heart disease for years, he had to take much medicine. _ _,he had to take much medicineHaving sufferedAs /Because he had suffered from heartdesease for years-ing作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如：作條件狀語置于句首或句末。如：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. 如果你勤奮一點，你就

24、會成功。如果你勤奮一點，你就會成功。3. 作條件狀語作條件狀語注意：_, and you will succeed.Work hard _(prepare) fully,we can achieve great things. _,we can achieve great things. _ ,and we can achieve great things.當現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示條件時，可以當現(xiàn)在分詞用來表示條件時，可以和和if引導的條件狀語從句互換引導的條件狀語從句互換PreparingIf we prepare fullyPrepare fully比較下面三個句子，體味其不同之處比較下面三個句

25、子，體味其不同之處第一個句中第一個句中we的前面可以加一個的前面可以加一個and 嗎？嗎？為什么？為什么？The factory keeps releasing smoke, making the air dirty. The factory keeps releasing smoke, （非限制性定語從句）（非限制性定語從句）which makes the air dirtyShe does exercise for anhour every day,causing her to keep a slim figure.She does exercise for an hour every d

26、ay,_her to keep a slim figure.She does exercise for an hour every day。_,she keeps a slim figure.4. 作結(jié)果狀語作結(jié)果狀語which causesThe factory keeps releasing smoke._ the air is made dirty.As a result,As a resultThe couple went shopping. As a result, they left their eldest daughter alone at home. =The couple

27、went shopping, _ (leave)their eldest daughter alone at home. = The couple went shopping,_their eldest daughter alone at home. (用非用非限制性定語從句）限制性定語從句）leavingwhich left當現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表結(jié)果時，可以和當現(xiàn)在分詞短語用來表結(jié)果時，可以和as a result 引導的結(jié)果狀語從句互換。引導的結(jié)果狀語從句互換。也相當于也相當于which引導一個非限制性定語從句引導一個非限制性定語從句They came into the classroom,

28、 singing and laughing. =They sang and laughed; they came into the classroom. 他們又唱又笑地走進教室。他們又唱又笑地走進教室。5. 作伴隨狀語作伴隨狀語 The students came in,_(follow)their teacher. My cousin came to see me from the country,_ (bring)me a full basket of fresh fruits.following bringing-ing短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或短語作讓步狀語，可置于句首或 句末，常與

29、句末，常與even if, though 連用。如：連用。如：6. 作讓步狀語作讓步狀語Though working from morning till night, his father didnt get enough food.=Although his father worked from morning till night, he didnt get enough food. 雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還雖然他父親從早到晚拼命地干活，但是他還是掙不到足夠的吃的。是掙不到足夠的吃的。When _(develop) the economy,we have to take en

30、vironmental protection into consideration.這是一個省略句，請補充完整這是一個省略句，請補充完整developing_,we have to take environmental protection into consideration.When we are developing the economy While _in Beijing, he came to see me twice. =_, he came to see me twice.stayingWhile he was staying in Beijing思考下面的句子：思考下面的句子

31、：小小 結(jié)結(jié):1.連詞連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞短語也可用來表示時間，常用的現(xiàn)在分詞短語也可用來表示時間，常用的連詞有連詞有when,while,相當于這些連引導的一個從句。相當于這些連引導的一個從句。2. 動詞動詞-ing形式在句中作狀語時，其邏形式在句中作狀語時，其邏輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。輯主語與主句的主語保持一致。He traveled on the plane like this, keeping the tortoise hidden in a blanket._ the bad news, he couldnt help bursting into tears. Heard B. Hav

32、ing heard C. Hearing D. Having been heard _ to the school building, the visitors were led to see the library. Being shown B. ShownA.C. Having been shown D. Having shown(keeping的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致，都是的邏輯主語和句子的主語一致，都是he)1. a. Hearing the news, tears ran down her face. b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly

33、.2. a. Entering the classroom, I found nobody in it. b. Entering the classroom, nobody was found in it.3. a. Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful. b. Looking out through the window, we saw a beautiful garden.4. a. Reading the evening newspaper, a dog started barking. b. I was rea

34、ding the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.Choose the correct sentence.完成主動式完成主動式1. Having finished her homework, shewent to bed.2. Having heard this, the woman astronautexpressed her satisfaction.分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在句中分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在句中謂語動詞謂語動詞所表示的動所表示的動作之前，一般在句中作作之前，一般在句中作時間或原因狀語時間或原因狀語用，用，不能做不能做定語用。

35、定語用。一般被動式一般被動式表示正在發(fā)生的被動動作表示正在發(fā)生的被動動作, ,在句中作定語或在句中作定語或狀語。狀語。The car being repaired is mine.The car which is being repaired is mine.Being repaired, the car cant be used.As/Because it is being repaired, the car cant be used.完成被動式：完成被動式：表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的被動動作被動動作，在，在句中多作狀語，不能作定語。句中多作狀語，不能作定語。Havin

36、g been praised a second time ,Idecided to make still greater progress.Having been asked to stay, I couldntvery well leave.非謂語動詞的否定式均為非謂語動詞的否定式均為not+not+非謂語動詞非謂語動詞 現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式 not + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞（完成的否定式（完成的否定式not 放在放在having之前）之前）Not knowing how to dye the silk red, hewent to her for help.Not having

37、 heard from her son for along time, the mother worried a great deal.一些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)一些獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：1. Generally _( speak ), we have learnt a lot in this school.2. _(judge ) from his appearance, he is somebody.3. _( tell ) you the truth, your work is terrible.speakingJudgingTo tell1. _a reply, he decided to write a si

38、xth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received2. Alice returned from the managers office, _me that the boss wanted to see me at once.（04 全國全國IV）A. having told B. tells C. to tell D. telling3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he

39、had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited4. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A. To wait B. Have wai

40、ted C. Having waited D. To have waited4. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on 1. Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus _ the delay. A. to cause B. causing C. caused D. cause2. The _ boy was last seen _ near the bank of the lake.A. missing

41、; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to playExercise3. After seeing the movie, _. A. the book was read by him B. the book made him want to read it C. he wanted to read the book D. the reading of the book interested him4. The next morning she found the man in bed, _ dead.A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying5. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light.A. followed B. following