七年級(jí)完形填空解題技巧

1、七年級(jí)完型填空題解題技巧一、 完形填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？完形填空是一種旨在考查考生的閱讀能力、邏輯推理及分析歸納、綜合判斷能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25個(gè)詞左右設(shè)一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在設(shè)空之列。隔詞數(shù)越少，題目越難；反之亦然。文體多以記敘文為主，首句通常不設(shè)空?？疾閮?nèi)容集中在對(duì)名詞、動(dòng)詞、代詞、形容詞和副詞等實(shí)詞的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不認(rèn)得字、詞語(yǔ)的情況下，能否通過(guò)推理判斷、綜合分析等全面理解文章的正確意思，然后把答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語(yǔ)篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具

2、體的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語(yǔ)言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過(guò)上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。二、完形填空題的設(shè)置方法1. 句子層次的設(shè)空 （從詞匯、慣用法, 語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用方面進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)）指那些只需讀懂“空格”所在句子便可選出答案的題目，包括詞義識(shí)別，同義詞辨析，英語(yǔ)慣用法, 語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。例1：when you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . get into the habit of(養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣) taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. before long youll be doing i

3、t without thinking.(   ) 86. a. hang them upb. leave them alonec. put them ond. throw them away例2：only mothers love is true love. she gives you everything all her life. when you are a baby, mother looks after you 16 . in your waking hours she always holds you in her arms. when you are ill,

4、 she 17 her work right away to look after you. when you are growing up, she feels 18 .( )16. a. carefulb. carefullyc. goodd. badly( )17. a. doesb. goes onc. stopsd. likes( )18. a. sadb. sillyc. upsetd. happy2. 句群層次的設(shè)空 (從語(yǔ)篇角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力)指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過(guò)推理判斷可以得到答案的題目。這種題目相對(duì)較難，但只要你能根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行考慮，一定能選出正確的答

5、案。前制性設(shè)空：即根據(jù)上文有關(guān)內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。例1：it was an english speech contest. my mother asked me to take part in it. what a terrible idea! it meant i had to _ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!a. write    b. speak    c. sing     d. dance例2：sometimes you

6、 may not understand your parents. one minute theyre friendly, the next minute theyre shouting and screaming(尖叫) loudly enough for the whole street to hear. so who makes them so 85 . you, probably!(   ) 85. a. friendly b. lonelyc. changeabled. comfortable(舒適的)后制性設(shè)空：指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案的題目，即在

7、下文某處有提示。例1：nobody _ him in the village. one day he said to them, “i know you dont like me ” a. believed    b. liked     c. hated     d. knew 例2： country music comes from _ kinds of music. one is the traditional music of tall mountain people in the ea

8、stern united states. the other is traditional cowboy music from the american west. a. many         b. all        c. two       d. threeeven though you may not realize(意識(shí)到) it, your parents have bought you many clothes. bu

9、t theyre not buying themselves new things every week, are they? the simple truth is that there are more 87 things to spend money on, like the electricity(電) bill and food.(   ) 87. a. interestingb. difficultc. importantd. surprising3. 語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空 (從語(yǔ)篇角度綜合測(cè)試考生的閱讀理解能力)指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設(shè)空。這種

10、題目難度較高，需要我們?cè)谌胬斫馕恼碌恼_意思下才能做出正確的選擇，這種題目主要用于拉開優(yōu)秀生與其他學(xué)生的分?jǐn)?shù)，但題目不會(huì)太多。例：sometimes you may not understand your parents.you might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents point of view. if you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. can you imagine how boring this can get? imagine how your

11、 parents feel when you say youre not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you arent eating enough.(   ) 90. a. in additionb. in returnc. at mostd. at last三、完形填空解題步驟與要領(lǐng)第一步：細(xì)讀首句，跳過(guò)空格，通讀全文，掌握大意細(xì)讀首句:明確短文話題，了解篇章結(jié)構(gòu),預(yù)測(cè)全文內(nèi)容。跳過(guò)空格，快速通讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，把握中心。生詞的處理；跳過(guò)、判斷詞性、了解大意、猜測(cè)。第二步：上下聯(lián)系，逐

12、句閱讀，先易后難，初定答案。答案要求 語(yǔ)法正確, 搭配無(wú)誤, 結(jié)構(gòu)完整，意思通順, 前后一致, 邏輯得當(dāng)。怎樣分析：a. 從空格所在的句子單獨(dú)考慮。b. 從空格所在的前后2-3句考慮。c. 從整個(gè)段落、整篇短文考慮。思路一: 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，從語(yǔ)法和句型結(jié)構(gòu)考慮。思路二: 理解句子含義，判斷句義關(guān)系，從詞匯的意義、用法和搭配考慮。思路三: 把握整體意思，尋找答題線索，從上下文考慮。思路四: 結(jié)合前后語(yǔ)境，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從日常生活常識(shí)考慮。第三步： 復(fù)讀全文，逐個(gè)核對(duì)，驗(yàn)證答案，堅(jiān)定信心。怎樣驗(yàn)證答案： 所選答案是否能使全文流暢，邏輯推理是否正確。 具體實(shí)事是否成立，前后關(guān)系是否理順。 語(yǔ)法是否正

13、確，其中包括時(shí)態(tài)的選擇、詞匯選擇、固定搭配等。 在通讀全文時(shí)最好在可能的條件下將所選答案填入文章中，反復(fù)閱讀。四、具體的解題方法與技巧在解題時(shí)，除了運(yùn)用“前制性設(shè)空”、“后制性設(shè)空”和“語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空”的知識(shí)進(jìn)行解題外，還有下面三種方法與技巧可供參考。（）語(yǔ)意第一，語(yǔ)法第二原則。 根據(jù)文化背景和生活常識(shí)，利用上下文線索，分析并列句的因果關(guān)系，可以選出正確答案。例1：a young father was visiting an old neighbor. they were standing in the old man's garden and talking about _ a.tree

14、s b.flowers c.children d.old people【點(diǎn)撥】【a young father was visiting an old neighbor. they were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about _. the young man said, "how strict should parents be with their children?】例2：little tom wondered what would happen to the eggs. two weeks later,

15、 little tom found some chicks _ out of the shells(蛋殼). a. walked b. ran c. jumped d. struggled 例3：it took charlie mui several months to save up seven dollars. he wanted to _ a model plane and went to the shop with the moneya.sell b.buy c.hold d.bring（）語(yǔ)法正確，注意細(xì)節(jié)的原則。在語(yǔ)意正確的前題下，還要根據(jù)學(xué)過(guò)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，詞語(yǔ)辨析、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭

16、配等方面選擇正確答案。如：例1： one night the dog began to bark suddenly. it made mr erens _ _ to sleep. he had to get up and tried his _ _ to stop it， but the beast wouldn't stop， and kept on _ _.a.go not b.not go c.not to go d.to not goa.well b.good c.better d.besta.bark b.to bark c.barking d.barked例2：r evan

17、s is an old man of about sixty, his wife died a few years ago. his children _ him by thena.left b.would leave c.have left d.had left?（）從語(yǔ)法方面，根據(jù)所給答案的不同詞類，從不同角度分別考慮選擇。a.名詞的選擇，應(yīng)聯(lián)系文章主題及空格前后出現(xiàn)的有關(guān)詞，注意其性和數(shù)的一致。 b.動(dòng)詞的選擇，要注意詞義和慣用搭配，還要區(qū)分近義詞之間的用法差異及所給詞的形式。考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和是否是要填入非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。c.介詞的選擇，應(yīng)注意其慣用法，特別是與動(dòng)詞或其他詞組成的固定搭配

18、。 d.代詞的選擇，要注意性(男或女)、數(shù)(單復(fù)數(shù))、格(主格、賓格、形代、名代)是否準(zhǔn)確。 e.連詞的選擇，要注意分析前后句或上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。 f.形容詞和副詞的選擇，要注意詞義的區(qū)別，用于比較時(shí)，還要注意比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)等。 例如： a man and his wife had a small bar(酒吧) near a station. they often worked late into the night， _ _ people came to drink there while they were _ _ trains. at two o'clock one morni

19、ng， one man was still at a table in the small bar. he was asleep. the bar man's wife wanted to leave. she looked _ _ the bar several times， and each time the man was _ _ there， then at last she went to her husband and said to him， "you _ _ that man six times， george ， _ _ he isn't drink

20、ing anything?"?a.as soon as b.because c.so d.thougha.catching up with b.getting on c.looking after d.waiting fora.at b.for c.into d.out ofa.always b.often c.still d.already a.have woken b.wake c.had woken d.will wake a.and b.but c.yet d.too 五、【實(shí)例講解】【例1】last year i bought some flower pots (花盆).

21、i didnt _41_ them at once. one day, i went to a shop _42_ some flower seeds(種子). then i put them into a pot with soil (土壤) and watered them. for a few days, _43_happened. i went on watching. on the _44_day, i finally saw the seeds develop and felt so _45_. our life is sometimes like an _46_ flower p

22、ot with nothing inside. our days are filled with lots of different things. we usually dont do them _47_ we think theyre not very important. but _48_we find that some important things are gone. those things we lose in life are seeds of hope, love and dreams. planting fun in hearts is just like _49_fl

23、owers. the seeds of fun in hearts will develop as the seeds of flowers. so if i plant _50_ of hope, i can expect something wonderful. (2012年昆明市學(xué)業(yè)水平考試)( )41. a. makeb. usec. buy ( )42. a. forb. byc. without ( )43. a. everythingb. somethingc. nothing ( )44. a. tenthb. tenc. twelve ( )45. a. worriedb.

24、happyc. tired ( )46. a. bigb. colorfulc. empty ( )47. a. sob. thatc. because ( )48. a. whenb. afterc. later ( )49. a. keepingb. growingc. watering ( )50. a. seedsb. soilc. pots 【例2】different things usually stand for different feelings. red, for example, is the color of fire, heat, blood and life. pe

25、ople say red is an exciting and active color. they associate（使發(fā)生聯(lián)系） red with a strong feeling like 1 . red is used for signs of 2 , such as stop signs and fire engines. orange is the bright, warm color of 3 in autumn. people say orange is a 4 color. they associate orange with happiness. yellow is th

26、e color of _5_. people say it is a cheerful color. they associate yellow too, with happiness. green is the cool color of grass in _6_. people say it is a refreshing color. in general, people _7_ two groups of colors: warm colors and cool colors. the warm colors are red, orange and _8_. where there a

27、re warm color and a lot of light, people usually want to be _9_. those who like to be with _10 _ like red. the cool colors are _11_ and blue. where are these colors, people are usually worried. some scientists say that time seems to _12 _ more slowly in a room with warm colors. they suggest that a w

28、arm color is a good _13_ for a living room or a _14_ . people who are having a rest or are eating do not want time to pass quickly. _15 colors are better for some offices if the people working there want time to pass quickly.( )1. a. sadnessb. angerc. administrationd. smile( )2. a. roads b. ways c.

29、danger d. places ( )3. a. landb. leaves c. grass d. mountains( )4. a. lively b. dark c. noisy d. frightening ( )5. a. moonlight b. light c. sunlight d. stars ( )6. a. summer b. spring c. autumnd. winter ( )7. a. speak b. say c. talk about d. tell ( )8. a. greenb. yellow c. white d. gray ( )9. a. cal

30、m b. sleepy c. active d. helpful ( )10. a. the other b. another c. other one d. others ( )11. a. blackb. green c. golden d. yellow ( )12. a. go round b. go by c. go off d. go along ( )13. a. one b. way c. fact d. matter ( )14. a. factory b. classroom c. restaurant d. hospital ( )15. a. different b.

31、cool c. warm d. all完形填空專題練習(xí)練習(xí)題（1） when i was fifteen i went to a summer camp. there were lots of great 90 but there was one thing i was really scared (害怕)about: climbing the wall. the wall is a kind of rock that people use to learn how to climb. it is very tall. we were all supposed to climb the wal

32、l, but i knew i couldnt get to the top because i am 91 heights. i was ashamed and i didnt want anyone to know that i was scared. i thought they would all laugh at me. i practiced my excuse: “im not scared, you know, i suffer from vertigo (患眩暈癥).” the day came. it was time to climb the wall. the sun

33、was shining but everyone was very quiet that morning. i took photographs at the bottom of the wall and tried to 92 . everyone in the group went up. then the moment came. it was my turn. i was so scared that all i could think about was my excuse. someone said, “shall i take your camera?” and i answer

34、ed, “im not scared, you know. i suffer from vertigo”. the 93 was that i was more than scared, i was terrified (嚇壞了). the camp leader said, “dont worry, you dont have to do anything you dont want to do.” i was surprised. everyone was understanding. no one 94 . the next day, the leader asked me if i w

35、anted to try the wall on my own, 95 the others watching. although i was still very nervous i agreed and climbed slowly to the top with his help. i was still shaking when i came 96, but i was really happy and relieved too. for me, climbing the wall was a real achievement. (2008 上海中考試卷 完形填空) ( )90. a.

36、 activitiesb. operationsc. accidentsd. exams( ) 91. a. poor atb. good atc. afraid ofd. fond of( ) 92. a. gob. hidec. appeard. run( ) 93. a. truthb. situationc. storyd. reason( ) 94. a. jumpedb. cheeredc. smiledd. laughed( ) 95. a. withb. withoutc. amongd. behind( ) 96. a. inb. outc. upd. down練習(xí)題（2）

37、every day cars kill or hurt many people on roads. sometimes the drivers drive too fast or do not, drive carefully enough. some of them 85 the traffic rules and cause accidents. according to some researches, it is usually the pedestrians(行人)who cause the accidents. a lot of road users are very carele

38、ss. they walk or run across the roads 86 the cars. they walk in the roads but not on the walkways. they get into or out of cars in the middle of the road. some do not take the trouble to 87 the green lights and simply cross the roads against the red lights. many people think accidents often happen i

39、n busy roads in large cities, but this is not always true. 88 , tokyo is one of the worlds largest cities and probably one of the busiest cities; however, there are 89 accidents to pedestrians. the reason is that the police there are very strict and the pedestrians are very careful. pedestrians neve

40、r cross against a red light and they 90 follow traffic rules. do you know alcohol（酒精）is another main cause of traffic accidents? it delays peoples response. those who have drunk alcohol are 91 in making decisions. they need a few more seconds to react（反應(yīng)）. alcohol drinking is especially dangerous fo

41、r motor car drivers. it is not only drivers who may have accidents after drinking. drunken pedestrians may put their lives in danger as well. (2010 上海中考試卷 完形填空)( )85. a. makeb. breakc. followd. remember( )86. a. at the end of b. in the centre ofc. on top ofd. in front of( )87. a. turn onb. worr

42、y aboutc. wait ford. point out( )88. a. in additionb. for examplec. by the wayd. on the other hand( )89. a. fewb. manyc. enoughd. some( )90. a. evenb. neverc. almostd. always( )91. a. slowb. activec. interestedd. excited練習(xí)題（3） cartoon films have very few limits(限制). if you can draw something, you ca

43、n make it 1 on the cinema screen. the use of new ideas and modern computer programs means that cartoons are becoming exciting again for people of 2 ages. by 1970, the cinema world had decided that cartoons were 3 for children. but soon after that, one or two film makers had some new ideas. they prov

44、ed that it was 4 to make films in which both grown-ups and children could enjoy them. however, 5 cartoon film was successful. the black cauldron, for example, failed, mainly because it was too 6 for children and too childish for grown-ups. film makers learnt from this mistake, and then cartoons were

45、 welcomed by both children and grown-ups and 7 the film companies began to make large amounts of money.( ) 1. a. arriveb. stayc. standd. move ( ) 2. a. someb. eitherc. alld. both ( ) 3. a. neverb. onlyc. stilld. already ( ) 4. a. possibleb. difficultc. completed. interesting ( ) 5. a. not everyb. no

46、ne of thec. eachd. neither of the ( ) 6. a. interestingb. popularc. relaxingd. frightening ( ) 7. a. onceb. howeverc. againd. also練習(xí)題（4） the name of daniel williams has been known to the black people in the united states for many years. he became a 1 in chicago in 1883. after graduating, he taught a

47、t northwestern universitys medical school. he was asked by the president of the united states, grover cleveland, to go to washington, d.c., to head the freedmens hospital. it was one of the few hospitals for blacks in the country 2 . he went back to chicago to help to set up provident hospital. 3 it

48、 opened, chicagos black doctors could not practice in hospitals. they had to treat patients 4 , so operations were performed on beds and kitchen tables. dr. williams also helped to set up a training school in chicago for black nurses. in 1893 he operated on a man who was dying from a stab wound in t

49、he heart. such a wound had always 5 death. but dr. williams tried to save the man. 6 x-ray or blood transfusions (輸血), he opened the mans chest and sewed up (修補(bǔ)) his heart. everything went on well with the bold (大膽的) operation. the man 7 .( ) 1. a. headmasterb. managerc. doctord. nurse ( ) 2. a. at

50、that timeb. in the pastc. a moment agod. just then ( ) 3. a. afterb. beforec. whend. as soon as ( ) 4. a. in the officeb. in the schoolc. in the universityd. at home ( ) 5. a. shownb. explainedc. meantd. described ( ) 6. a. according tob. instead ofc. because ofd. without ( ) 7. a. diedb. livedc. be

51、came strongd. got badly hurt練習(xí)題（5）every year students in many countries learn english. some of these students are children, _1_ students are young people. why do all these people want to learn_2_? it is not_3_to answer this question. many boys and girls learn english at school. it is one of their _4

52、_. many people learn english because it is_5_in their work. some young people learn english_6_their higher studies because some of their books are_7_english. other people learn english because they want to _8_newspapers in english. some people learn english because they want to _9_ in the usa, engla

53、nd or australia. english is very_10_in our life (生活).( )1. a. allb. the otherc. bothd. other ( )2. a. englishb. chinesec. mathsd. japanese ( )3. a. hardb. easyc. goodd. nice ( )4. a. booksb. classes c. schoolsd. subjects (科目) ( )5. a. good b. useful (有用的)c. fine d. pleased( )6. a. for b. of c. to d.

54、 from ( )7. a. in b. with c. at d. of ( )8. a. look b. see c. look at d. read ( )9. a. go b. work c. like d. come ( )10. a. help b. helping c. helps d. helpful 練習(xí)題（6）once, a king showed two men a large basket in the garden. he told them to fill it with water from a well. after they _1_ their work, he left them, saying, “when the sun is down, i will come and see your work.”at last