美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義英語(yǔ)介紹

1、American Transcendentalism美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義美國(guó)超驗(yàn)主義 A broad, philosophical movement in New England during the Romantic era（peak：1836-1855）the first American intellectual movement. Started by a group of people in the Transcendental Club in the 1830s who published their views in the journal The Dial Transcendental

2、ist believed instinct or intuition is the deepest level of mans soul. They tried to find truth through feeling, rather than through logic. So they write not in a logical way. We can say they formed a movement of feelings & beliefs rather than a system of philosophy. Brief Introduction The world

3、shrank itself into a drop of dew. 世界將其自身縮小成為一滴露水 Believe yourself A person must be able to become what he wants to be MottosThe major features of Transcendentalists 1. emphasis on Spirit or the Oversoul -Oversoul is a unitary（統(tǒng)一的） power of goodness， omnipresent（無(wú)所不在的） and omnipotent（無(wú)所不能的），from whic

4、h all things came and of which everyone was a part。 2. the importance of the individual 3. nature is the symbol of Spirit or God 1.至善 absolute good 2.純潔無(wú)暇 unspotted innocence of nature 3.人具有神性 humanity was godlike and that evil was nonexistent appeared to be an optimistic folly Creeds Sources 1.歐洲浪漫

5、主義文學(xué)歐洲浪漫主義文學(xué) 【the romantic literature of Europe】 2.新柏拉圖主義新柏拉圖主義 【neo-Platonism】 3.德國(guó)理想主義哲學(xué)德國(guó)理想主義哲學(xué) 【German idealistic philosophy】 4.東方神秘主義東方神秘主義 【Oriental mysticism】 Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) philosopher, lecturer, essayist, and poet, leading the Transcendentalist movement a champion（擁護(hù)者）（擁護(hù)者）

6、 of individualism a prescient（有先見(jiàn)之明的）（有先見(jiàn)之明的） critic of the countervailing（對(duì)抗性的）（對(duì)抗性的） pressures of society.l Nature. It is the Bible of transcendentalists. It contains almost everything Emerson wants to say in the rest of his life. His later works were mostly to illustrate the book. “American Schol

7、ar”: Americans declaration of intellectual independence.( to develop Americans own culture) Emersons workHenry David ThoreauHenry David Thoreau1817-1862 He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay, Civil Disobedience, an argument for i

8、ndividual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state. WaldenlIt wasnt a successful book at the time it was published and has been virtually forgotten until 20th century.lIt is the careful recording of day-to-day life at Walden pound and reflection on how one can live simply and trulylIt illustrates his desire to be independent and find truth for himself. “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not,