(重要)新目標(biāo)八年級上冊英語第二單元

1、八年級上冊英語第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一詞組，短語：1、help with housework 2、go shopping 3、on weekends 4、how often 5、hardly ever 6、once a week 7、twice a month 8、go to the movies9、every day 10、use the Internet11、be free 12、have dance and piano lessons 13、swing dance 14、play tennis 15、stay up late

2、16、at least 17、go to bed early 18、 play sports 19、be good for 20、go camping21、in ones free time 22、not.at all 23、the most popular 24、such as 25、go to the dentist 26、more than 27、Old habits die hard 28、 hard=difficult 29、less than 二習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配：1. help sb. with sth 2. How about+n./v.ing?=What about? 3.

3、want sb. to do sth. 4. How many + 5. 主語+ find+ that 6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 7. spend time with sb. 8. ask sb. about sth. 9. by doing sth. 10. Whats your favorite.? 11 start doing sth. 12. the best way to do sth. 13、leave for三知識(shí)精講：1How often do you exercise？你多久鍛煉一次？ 【解析】本句是含有特殊疑問詞how often 的特殊疑問句。h

4、ow often 多久一次，用于對動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率進(jìn)行提問?；卮饝?yīng)該是頻度副詞或表示頻率的詞組，如always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly，ever，never，every day，once a week，three times a day 等。Eg.How often do you go to the movies?你多久去看一次電影？Once a week. 一周一次。how often: 多久一次，用來提問在某一特定時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行某個(gè)動(dòng)作的次數(shù)，答語有never, sometimes, often, usually, always, three times a

5、 year等。how long: 多長時(shí)間， 用來對“for + 一段時(shí)間”提問，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞；此外，還可用于詢問物體的長度。how soon: 需要多長時(shí)間，過多久才對“in+一段時(shí)間“提問，答語有in a week/ month/ year等。how far：多遠(yuǎn)，用來詢問距離，答語常用“數(shù)字 + miles/ kilometers”等?！窘馕?】exercise v 鍛煉 =do sports= play sports【短語】take /have/do exercise 做運(yùn)動(dòng) do morning exercise 做早操 do eye exercise 做

6、眼保健操2What do you usually do on weekends? 你在周末做什么？【解析1】頻度副詞意思頻度always 總是，一直，100%usually通常，經(jīng)常90%often常常，經(jīng)常70%sometimes = at times 有時(shí)，不時(shí)40%hardly ever= almost not幾乎從不5%never 從不，決不0%【注】：頻度副詞表示多長時(shí)間做某事一次，用在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。We often clean the classroom every day.【拓展】some time /sometime/some times/some

7、times【口訣】：分開是一段，合起是某時(shí)； 分開s 是倍次，合起s是某時(shí)(1)some time一段時(shí)間，做時(shí)間狀語It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花費(fèi)某人多長時(shí)間(2) sometime adv 在某個(gè)時(shí)候，( ）I hope to visit the USA _ in the future. A. sometimes B. some times C. sometime D. some time (3) some times 名詞詞組，“幾次，幾倍”(4) sometimes=at times 有時(shí) （一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞）【2015四川綿陽】_ do

8、you write an English article for our school newspaper? Sometimes. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How far【解析2】weekend/weekday辨析單詞意思范圍weekend周末周六、周日weedday 工作日周一至周五【解析】on weekends = on Saturday and Sunday 在周末 on weekdays= from Monday to Friday 在工作日( ) The teachers never arrive late for work f

9、rom Monday to Friday.A. on weekdays B. on weekends C. every day D. five times a week.辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 是頻度副詞，意為“有時(shí)；間或”，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率，相當(dāng)于at times提問。常用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)。提問用how oftensome times 是名詞短語，意為“幾倍、 幾次”。time作可數(shù)名詞時(shí)可作“次數(shù)”解；表示“時(shí)間”時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞。How mang timessometime 某個(gè)時(shí)候?？芍高^去

10、或?qū)淼哪硞€(gè)時(shí)候。提問用whensome time 一段時(shí)間。常與for連用。對它提問用how long 。口訣記憶：分開“一段時(shí)間” ；相聚“某個(gè)時(shí)候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up very late. 有時(shí)我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某個(gè)時(shí)候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他讀這個(gè)故事幾遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我將會(huì)在這兒呆一段時(shí)間。練習(xí)： We plan to stay in Hainan for . 我們打算在海南呆一

11、段時(shí)間。 I am sure that we have met before. 我肯定我們之前見過幾次了。 I have letters from him. 有時(shí)我會(huì)收到他的來信。3. Hardly ever 幾乎從不【解析】hard (1)adv 努力地，猛烈地 work hard 努力工作 study hard 努力學(xué)習(xí)(2) adj. 困難的，艱難的 =difficult Its hard/difficult for sb to do sth 做某事對某人來說是困難的Its hard for us _(finish) the work without others help.【拓展】ha

12、rdly adv “幾乎不，從來不” ，表否定意義，常與can ,any ,ever 連用。 I can hardly believe it. ( ) Its raining _ .People can _ go out. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard ; hard D. hardly ; hardly【注】 形容雨雪下的大用hard/heavy辨析：hardly 與hardhardly 幾乎不，一般位于動(dòng)詞之前。 hard 努力，位于動(dòng)詞之后。eg：He hardly works. 他幾乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。4

13、. Whats your favorite program？ 你最喜歡的節(jié)目是什么？句型：Whats your favorite.?=What. do you like best？你最喜歡的.是什么？1.Whats your favorite animal？你最喜歡的動(dòng)物是什么？= _5.twice a week一周兩次 【解析】英語中，once表示“一次”，twice表示“兩次”，從“三次”起用“基數(shù)詞times”表示次數(shù)。three times三次，five times五次。7I go to the movies maybe once a month.我可能一月去看電影一次?！窘馕觥縨ay

14、be adv. 大概；或許；可能Eg. Maybe that man is a policeman. 或許那人是警察。maybe 和may bemaybe副詞，意為“或許；大概”，常位于句首表推測。Maybe he is at Jim's home.或許他在吉姆家。may be由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may和 be構(gòu)成，意為“可能是、也許是”，在句中作謂語。He may be right.他可能是對的。【解析1】go to the movies = go to the cinema = see the film 去看電影【解析2】maybe/may be辨析： （1） maybe =perhaps

15、adv 也許，可能，表示推測，通常用于句首，在句中作狀語。( ) _ Li Hua wants to be an astronaut like Yang Liwei. A. May be B. May C. Also D. Maybe （2）may be 是“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may +動(dòng)詞原形be”, 或許，可能是，也表示推測，在句中作謂語。可以和maybe 互換。Toms pen may be in his backpack. =Maybe Toms pen is in his backpack【江蘇南通】Now all of us exercise at _ least _ hour a day

16、in and outside school. A. the ; a B. a; an C. /; a D. /; an 8He plays at least twice a week.他至少一周踢(足球) 兩次?！窘馕觥縧east adv.最小；最少adj.& pron.最少的；最小的，它是little的最高級。Eg. He has least money of all of us. 在我們所有人中他的錢最少。She works least. 她工作最少。We have least time.我們時(shí)間最少。at least 至少；不少于；起碼，其反義短語為：at most 至多9. O

17、n Wednesday and Friday. 在周三和周五 【解析】介詞at/ in /on /for表示時(shí)間：1)at.表示某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)，某一時(shí)刻/ 年齡 at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2)in表示時(shí)間段,一天的三個(gè)時(shí)間段以及月份,年,季節(jié),世紀(jì),人生的某個(gè)時(shí)期(某人幾十歲時(shí)) In the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fif

18、ties3)on表示星期幾/某一具體的日子/具體某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三個(gè)時(shí)間段名詞前有修飾語或后有修飾語時(shí). On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night g. At least he should say thanks. 他至少應(yīng)該說聲謝謝。10. 頻度副詞.【解析】頻度副詞表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或情況，常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用，表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，按其頻率發(fā)生的高低分別是：always 總是； usually 通常；often 經(jīng)常； sometimes 有時(shí)；hardly ever 幾乎不；nev

19、er 從不。對這些頻度副詞進(jìn)行提問時(shí)，用特殊疑問詞how often，意為“多久一次”。Eg. They always go to the park by bus. 他們總是乘公共汽車去公園。Kate is often late for school. 凱特經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到。I sometimes_watch TV programs.(對畫線部分提問)How often do you watch TV programs? 你多久看一次電視節(jié)目？11.How many hours do you sleep every night？你每天晚上睡幾個(gè)小時(shí)？【解析】how many 和how muchho

20、w many和how much都可以表示“多少”，但how many后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，而how much后接不可數(shù)名詞。Eg. How many girls can you see? 你能看見多少個(gè)女孩？How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？【拓展】詞語詞義用法答語特征how long多久詢問時(shí)間多久for/about+一段時(shí)間how often多久一次詢問動(dòng)作的頻率often, twice a week等how soon多快，過多久詢問時(shí)間多快in+一段時(shí)間how far多遠(yuǎn)詢問距離多遠(yuǎn)ten minutes walkhow many多少詢問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+

21、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)how much多少詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+表示量的詞+不可數(shù)名詞多少錢詢問價(jià)格數(shù)詞+錢12. Last month we asked our students about their free time activities. 上個(gè)月我們向?qū)W生詢問了他們業(yè)余活動(dòng)的情況。ask sb. about sth. “詢問某人關(guān)于某事”Eg:I asked my teacher about todays homework. _?！窘馕? 】ask sb about sth 向某人詢問有關(guān)的情況 ask sb to do sth請/要某人去做某事(否定形式)ask sb. not to do

22、 sth ask sb. for sth 向某人要某物 【解析2】active adj. 活躍的 activity n 活動(dòng) My friend is _(active).14、Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 盡管許多學(xué)生喜歡看運(yùn)動(dòng)類節(jié)目，但游戲類節(jié)目是最受歡迎的。although 連詞。意為“雖然，盡管”。but 意為“但是”。英語中，although與but不能同時(shí)使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outsid

23、e.= It rained，but the boys still played outside. 盡管天下雨了，但男孩們?nèi)栽谕饷嫱嫠！?. My cousin knows a lot about geography， he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although15. It's good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows，but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.盡管通過上網(wǎng)或觀看游

24、戲節(jié)目對放松很有好處，但是我們認(rèn)為鍛煉是最好的放松方式?！窘馕觥窟@是一個(gè)“Its+adj+to do sth.”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事是.”。其中it是形式主語，真正主語是動(dòng)詞不定式 to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows；拓展：Its + adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary) +(for sb.) to do sth.Its+adj+（for sb.）+to do sth. 意為 “（對某人來說）做某事是的”。該句中的形容詞用于描述事物的特征，表客觀情況，如difficult（困

25、難的），hard(困難的)，easy（容易的）Eg：Its very important to listen carefully in class. 上課認(rèn)真聽講很重要。Its easy for us to swim. 對我們來說游泳很容易。Its +adj( kind, honest, friendly, )+(of sb) to do sth.： 意為“某人做某事是.”，該句中的形容詞用于描述人物的品質(zhì)，表主觀情感和態(tài)度。By在此處表示方式、方法、手段，意為“憑借；靠；用；通過”。其后通常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，作方式狀語，可放在句首也可放在句末。By作為介詞用法：by+交通工具 乘. by+時(shí)間

26、 在.之前，到.為止 by+地點(diǎn) 在.旁邊；靠近.16、Although many students like to watch sports. 雖然許多學(xué)生喜歡看體育節(jié)目【解析】 although=though conj 雖然，即使;不能與but 連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句【解析】through + 手段、 媒介 “以，憑借，穿過” by + ving/ 工具名詞【辨析】through/across (1)through “從中經(jīng)過” ，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在立體空間，指從物體的空間內(nèi)部穿過，如門、窗、洞、森林等(2) across “橫越，穿過” , 指從表面走過或從一邊到另一邊。( ) _ he i

27、snt rich enough, he often gives away money to some poor children. A. Though B. When C. Because D. If( ) _ he is very tried, he still tries _. A. Because ; work B. Because; to work C. Although; working D. Although ;to work17. Exercise such as playing sports is fun，and you can spend time with your fri

28、ends and family as you play together.像參加體育運(yùn)動(dòng)這樣的鍛煉是有趣的，并且你可以與你的朋友和家人一起花費(fèi)時(shí)間進(jìn)行鍛煉?！窘馕觥縮uch as 例如；像這樣表示舉例，相當(dāng)于like。Eg. I like animals such as cats and dogs. 我喜歡動(dòng)物，像貓和狗。such as結(jié)構(gòu)既可表示為“名詞such as例子”，也可表示為“such名詞as例子”。Eg. I enjoy songs such as this one.I enjoy such songs as this one.我喜歡像這首歌一樣的歌?！窘馕?】such as/

29、for example辨析：（1）such as “例如，像一樣” 常常列舉同類人或物中的幾個(gè)例子，放在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間。 I like all kinds of sports such as running and swimming.（2）for example 一般只列舉同類人或物中的“一個(gè)”，做插入語，位于句首、句中或句末。【解析2】 spend /pay /cost/ take 花費(fèi)動(dòng)詞主語賓語句型結(jié)構(gòu)spend 人時(shí)間或金錢sb. spend on sth/ in doing sthpay人金錢pay. for cost物金錢sth cost sb. some money

30、take it時(shí)間It takes sb. . to do sth重點(diǎn)： spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他沒在作業(yè)方面花很多時(shí)間。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. _ spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間看電視。He always spend his time playing football. _Eg:

31、I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that.A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to do18And remember，“old habits die hard”請記住：“舊習(xí)慣是很難擯棄的”。 【解析】die v. 消失；消滅；死亡(1)作“死亡”講，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，是瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。Eg.His grandfather died five years ago. 他祖父五年前去世的。(2)d

32、ie可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表示“即將死去，奄奄一息”。Eg.He is dying.他快要死了。dead 死的，是die的形容詞形式?？勺鞅碚Z或定語。作表語時(shí)，表示狀態(tài)。Eg.His dog has been dead for two weeks. 他的狗已死了兩周了。death 死亡，是die的名詞形式。Eg.His mother's death made him very sad. 他母親的去世使他非常難過。20. She says she is afraid. 她說她害怕。_【解析】afraid adj “擔(dān)心的，害怕的”.be afraid to do sth害怕做某事，（強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上的原因不去做）Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飛機(jī)旅行。 . be afraid of doing sth害怕做某事 （強(qiáng)調(diào)為擔(dān)心