基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)unit英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法PPT課件

1、英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有三三種：種： 合成合成、派生派生與與轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化。 英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法種類英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法種類另外縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫也是構(gòu)詞法的一種。另外縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫也是構(gòu)詞法的一種。第1頁(yè)/共24頁(yè). . 合成 : : 有兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。1 1）復(fù)合名詞class + room = class + room = classroomclassroom ( (名詞+ +名詞) )black+ board= black+ board= blackboardblackboard ( (形容詞+ +名詞) )2 2）復(fù)合形容詞warm + heart + ed = warm + heart + ed =

2、 warmheartedwarmhearted 熱心腸的good + looking = good + looking = goodgood-lo-lookingoking 相貌好看的world +wide= world +wide= worldwideworldwide世界性的hard+ working=hard-working hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 第2頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)3 3）復(fù)合動(dòng)詞 over + come = over + come = overcomeovercome克服 ( (副詞+ +動(dòng)詞) )4 4）復(fù)合數(shù)詞 fifty+ four= f

3、ifty-four5）復(fù)合代詞 everyone, somebody, anything, nobody ( ( 不定代詞+ +名詞) )第3頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)6）復(fù)合副詞 down+ stairs = downstairs在樓下( 形容詞+名詞) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神貫注地(副詞+副詞)第4頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)2. 2. 轉(zhuǎn)化轉(zhuǎn)化 : : 是指有一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞類。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切. . water water n. n. 水 - water - water vt.vt. 澆水常見(jiàn)的轉(zhuǎn)化形式兩種：動(dòng)詞 - - 名詞名詞 - -

4、 動(dòng)詞形容詞-動(dòng)詞第5頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-名詞名詞 stop stop v.v. 停止 - - n.n.車站love love v.v. 愛(ài) - - n.n. 愛(ài)watch watch v.v. 觀看 - - n.n. 手表look look v.v. 看-have a look -have a look n.n. 看 walk v. walk v. 散步, ,走-take a walk n.-take a walk n.散步love v. love v. 愛(ài)-your love your love n.n. 愛(ài)第6頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 名詞名詞 - - 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 hand hand n.n. 手

5、 - - vt.vt. 上交seat seat n.n. 座位 - - vt.vt. 坐nurse nurse n.n. 護(hù)士 - - vt.vt. 護(hù)理oil oil n.n. 油 - - vt.vt. 上油time time n.n. 時(shí)間 - - vt.vt. 定時(shí)，測(cè)時(shí)show show n.n. 展覽, ,展示vt. vt. 表演, ,演出第7頁(yè)/共24頁(yè) 形容詞形容詞-動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 slow( slow( adj.adj. 慢的)-slow ( )-slow ( v.v. 放慢) ) open ( open (adj.adj. 開(kāi)著的)open( )open( v.v.開(kāi)) )第8頁(yè)/

6、共24頁(yè)3. 3. 派生 : : 是通過(guò)在詞根上加前綴或者構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。happy - happy - ununhappyhappydevelop - develodevelop - developmentpment第9頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。mismis- - 錯(cuò)誤的 + understand + understand v.v. 理解 - - mismisunderstand understand v.v. 誤解en + large en + large adj.adj. 大的 - enlarge - enlarge v.v. 擴(kuò)大

7、第10頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。care v. care v. 照料 - care- carefulful adj. adj. 細(xì)心的work v. work v. 工作 - work- workerer n. n. 工人第11頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)常見(jiàn)的常見(jiàn)的前綴前綴第12頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)(A)表示否定的前綴： un-unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.后) dis-disagree, disappear im-impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 開(kāi)

8、頭的詞前) (B).表示錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(誤導(dǎo))第13頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)(C)表示兩個(gè),雙邊的前綴： bi- bicolor ( 雙色的), bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前綴interinterview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前綴 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示遠(yuǎn)的前綴tele telephone, television第14頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)常見(jiàn)的常見(jiàn)的后綴后綴第15頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)1.1.動(dòng)詞變名詞：-tion-tion education, invi

9、tation, prediction education, invitation, prediction-ment-ment development, development, movement, movement, disappointment disappointment-er-er teacher, worker, runner, singer teacher, worker, runner, singer-or-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actorvisitor, sailor, tutor, actor第16頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)名詞后綴補(bǔ)充: :-ist-ist

10、( ( 人, ,名詞后綴) )scientist, terroristscientist, terrorist-ese-ese( ( 民族, ,語(yǔ)言, ,名詞后綴) ) Chinese, JapaneseChinese, Japanese第17頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)2.2.形容詞變名詞- -nessness happiness, happiness, meanness, carelessness meanness, carelessness- -ityity ability, possibility ability, possibility 第18頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)3.3.名詞變形容詞：- -y y wind

11、y, rainy, healthy, funny, cloudywindy, rainy, healthy, funny, cloudy- -ishish foolish, feverishfoolish, feverish- -somesome handsome, troublesomehandsome, troublesome- -ousous dangerous, humorousdangerous, humorous- -fulful helpful, careful, peaceful, colorfulhelpful, careful, peaceful, colorful- -l

12、essless homeless, helpless, carelesshomeless, helpless, careless第19頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)4.4.動(dòng)詞變形容詞- -alal traditional, international, naturaltraditional, international, natural- -eded surprised, balanced, talented surprised, balanced, talented- -inging interesting, outstandinginteresting, outstanding第20頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)5. 5.

13、 名詞、形容詞變動(dòng)詞：- -ifyify beautify, simplifybeautify, simplify- -izeize realizerealize- -enen quicken, widen, sharpenquicken, widen, sharpen第21頁(yè)/共24頁(yè). . 縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫 : : 縮寫和簡(jiǎn)寫( (也被稱為截?cái)喾ɑ蚩s短法) )主要采取: : “ “截頭”, ,“去尾”或者 “既截頭又去尾”的方法生成新詞. .telephone-phone telephone-phone airplaneplaneairplaneplanelaboratory-lab labor

14、atory-lab mathematics-math mathematics-math advertisementad advertisementad examination-exam examination-exam 第22頁(yè)/共24頁(yè)另外還有許多縮寫詞是由各個(gè)單詞的首字母組成. .CD ( compact disk)CD ( compact disk)CCTV( China Central Television)CCTV( China Central Television)NBA (National Basketball Association)NBA (National Basketball Association)UFO( un