閱讀理解專題一(猜詞)

1、閱讀理解專題閱讀理解專題 一一考綱考綱對(duì)考察學(xué)生閱讀能力的要求對(duì)考察學(xué)生閱讀能力的要求 201120121.理解主旨要義理解主旨要義122.理解文中具體信息理解文中具體信息13133.根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義114.做出判斷和推理做出判斷和推理425.理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)006.理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度12閱讀理解到底考查什么？閱讀理解到底考查什么？閱讀理解考題特點(diǎn)：閱讀理解考題特點(diǎn)：1）文章篇幅長(zhǎng)度約）文章篇幅長(zhǎng)度約350詞左右，共計(jì)四篇。詞左右，共計(jì)四篇。2）生詞一般有中文提示，但只給出一次；有約）生詞一般有中文提示，但只

2、給出一次；有約2.5%的合成詞和派生詞（構(gòu)詞法）。的合成詞和派生詞（構(gòu)詞法）。3）無論哪一道題，都）無論哪一道題，都一定能在文中找到答案一定能在文中找到答案依據(jù)依據(jù)。4）五道題的正確答案關(guān)鍵信息按在文中出現(xiàn)的先）五道題的正確答案關(guān)鍵信息按在文中出現(xiàn)的先后順序后順序依次排列依次排列。涉及文體：涉及文體：記敘文記敘文-說明文說明文-議論文議論文-根據(jù)考察內(nèi)容和考題特點(diǎn)，我們有三種閱讀法：根據(jù)考察內(nèi)容和考題特點(diǎn)，我們有三種閱讀法：1.略讀略讀-2.查讀查讀-3.研讀研讀-弄清文意弄清文意尋找信息尋找信息理解含意理解含意解題步驟：解題步驟：-略讀，理解大意（文章首尾段，各段首尾句），略讀，理解大意（文

3、章首尾段，各段首尾句），了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)。了解文章基本結(jié)構(gòu)。-閱讀題干和選項(xiàng)，確定問題的關(guān)鍵詞閱讀題干和選項(xiàng)，確定問題的關(guān)鍵詞-查讀，信息定位（命題順序性）查讀，信息定位（命題順序性）-研讀，篩選出研讀，篩選出最優(yōu)最優(yōu)答案，答案，并關(guān)聯(lián)文章主旨并關(guān)聯(lián)文章主旨考點(diǎn)分類考點(diǎn)分類1. What does the underline word “stimulation” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?-2. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?-猜測(cè)詞語意思猜測(cè)詞語意思選文章標(biāo)題選文章

4、標(biāo)題3. The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refers to _ -4. The underlined expression “make ends meet” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to_-5. Depps choice of movie roles throughout most of his career suggest that_-判斷指代內(nèi)容判斷指代內(nèi)容猜測(cè)詞語意思猜測(cè)詞語意思推測(cè)隱含意義推測(cè)隱含意義閱讀理解高考主要考點(diǎn)：閱讀理解高考主要考點(diǎn)：-猜測(cè)詞義（

5、短語）猜測(cè)詞義（短語）-主旨大意主旨大意 （文章標(biāo)題）（文章標(biāo)題）-判斷指代判斷指代 （it , that）-推理判斷推理判斷 （推斷隱含意義，作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和（推斷隱含意義，作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度和下續(xù)內(nèi)容等）下續(xù)內(nèi)容等）-細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解-寫作意圖、目的寫作意圖、目的提問方式提問方式(1)What does the underlined word “” refer to? (2)In the. paragraph, the word. means _.(3)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _.(4)What does “” in t

6、he last two paragraphs stand for?(5)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “”?單句練習(xí)單句練習(xí) A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person

7、s lungs and his heartbeats. 第一大類第一大類-上下文之：上下文之： 1）定義或解釋說明）定義或解釋說明- be, be called 2）定語（從句）或同位語（從句）定語（從句）或同位語（從句）3）破折號(hào)）破折號(hào)“”后有同位語或解釋說明的后有同位語或解釋說明的短語或從句短語或從句聽診器聽診器木匠木匠is calleda medical tool1. The hot air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork(軟木塞軟木塞) in water. A able to be used B abl

8、e to move from one place to anotherC able to float or rise to the surfaceD able to carry anything 2. The male and female mosquito make an odd couple. The female is a vampire and lives on blood, but the male is a vegetarian that sips nectar and plant juices. A a vegetarian B a cold blooded animal C a

9、n evil spirit that suck the bloodD a kind of warm blooded creature 上下文之：上下文之：對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞對(duì)比關(guān)系猜詞-asas, but, though, in contrastCCasasandbut 1. At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. 2. Trees, shrubs, flowers and grass are basic to parks or large gardens. 盛年時(shí)期盛年時(shí)期灌木灌木上下文之：上下文之：同等關(guān)系猜詞同等關(guān)

10、系猜詞-并列連詞并列連詞and或者或者or等等andand1. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.2. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.3. Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.有彈力的有彈力的渾濁的渾濁

11、的精明的精明的上下文之：上下文之：因果關(guān)系猜詞因果關(guān)系猜詞- because, since, as, so that, such thatbecauseso thatsuch thatToday young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 上下文之：上下文之：舉例關(guān)系舉例關(guān)系-for example; f

12、or instance; such; such as家用電器家用電器for instance1. Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, so it is difficult to get firm hold of them.2. Most of the roses are beginning to winter because of the cold.魚鱗魚鱗枯萎枯萎 上下文之：上下文之：生活常識(shí)猜詞生活常識(shí)猜詞-

13、運(yùn)用自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、常識(shí)運(yùn)用自身的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)、常識(shí)或是邏輯推理能力或是邏輯推理能力滑溜的滑溜的另外，要注意另外，要注意“熟詞生義熟詞生義”-winter1. When a wise person misuses his wisdom, he will do great harm to society.2. The passengers belongings on the train are stored in their holdalls, boxes, baskets and netbags.3. I was asked to minute the race.第二大類第二大類-構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法錯(cuò)誤

14、地使用錯(cuò)誤地使用-派生派生旅行袋旅行袋-合成合成計(jì)時(shí)計(jì)時(shí)-轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性猜詞的方法猜詞的方法 ：第一大類第一大類-上下文上下文第二大類第二大類-構(gòu)詞法構(gòu)詞法歸納歸納定義（定義（be）；定從（同位語）；標(biāo)點(diǎn)（破折）；定從（同位語）；標(biāo)點(diǎn)（破折號(hào)）；并列（號(hào)）；并列（and/ or）；）；對(duì)比（對(duì)比（asas, but）；）；因果（因果（because/ so); 舉例（舉例（ for instance， such as, for example ）生活常識(shí)，邏輯推理等）生活常識(shí)，邏輯推理等派生；合成；派生；合成； 轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)(1) In the first case, w

15、here we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our- dishonor by telling our family an

16、d friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more atte

17、ntive D. reminding the clerk of the charged itemAcontrastIntell(2) Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usual

18、ly make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. A. show much concern aboutB. have a sp

19、ecial effect onC. list jobs to be done forD. do good things forbecauseAeasily hurt(3) Shopkeepers in Modbury population 1,500, agreed to stop handing out disposable plastic bags to customers on Saturday. They said paper sacks and cloth carrier bags would be offered instead The Worldwatch Institute,

20、an environmental research agency, states that 100 billion plastic bags are thrown away each year in the United States alone. More than 500 billion are used yearly around the world. A. acceptable B. ValuableC. throw-away D. long-lastingthrown awayC (4) The researchers led by Professor Giorgio Vallort

21、igara of the University of Trieste found that when the dogs were shown their ownersa positive experiencetheir tails wagged energetically to the right side. When they were shown an unfamiliar human they wagged to the right, but with somewhat less enthusiasm. The appears of a cat again caused a right-

22、hand side wag, although with less intensity again. A. surprise B. worry C. excitement D. interestCenthusiasm（5） Have you ever suddenly felt that someone you knew was in trouble and he was? Have you ever dreamed something that came true later? Maybe you have ESP.ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception

23、（感知）（感知）. It maybe called a sixth sense. It seems to let people know about events before they happen, or events that are happening some distance away. What is ESP? A. ESP lets people know about their dreams.B. ESP lets people know about events after they happen.C. ESP lets people know about events b

24、efore they happen.D. ESP lets people know about heart attack.Csixth sensebefore they happen(6) All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants wont bother to assist, taxi drivers growl at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conducto

25、rs pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration. A. worsening of general situationB. lowering of moral standards C. declining of physical constitutionD. spreading of evil conductsuchB (7) One of the best-known sayings must be “Early to be