初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧.

1、學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧閱讀理解也是中考英語(yǔ)題的必考題目之一， 本題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀， 理解的能力，幾年來(lái)，中考英語(yǔ)題中的閱讀理解材料新，題材豐富，考查學(xué)生綜合推斷能力，根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇猜單詞意思的能力的力度加大，也考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的能力。所以學(xué)生往往要么沒(méi)能正確理解語(yǔ)篇中某些句子的意思， 在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分， 要么就是對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體把握不夠， 在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分。 那么到底怎么做好閱讀理解這一題型呢？我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問(wèn)題：一、解題思路（一）先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問(wèn)題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。（二）快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息，如

2、果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。 再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想， 這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題。（三）細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1 抓住四個(gè) "W"和一個(gè) "H" ，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記， 把 What ( 事件 ) ，When（時(shí)間）， Where（地點(diǎn)）， Why（原因）， How（經(jīng)過(guò)）劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“ W” 和一個(gè)“ H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。2抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代

3、，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。3 注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。4 根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的， 有把握的題可以斷然確定， 不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法。即從原文中直接找出答案。 歸納解題法。對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和線索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案。 綜合推理法。讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文，認(rèn)

4、真分析，綜合推理及至計(jì)算，最后歸納出正確答案。題干 中 有 "suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because, according to “等字眼時(shí)，屬于推斷概括型，考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇，考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納，推理等邏輯思維能力。 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問(wèn)題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來(lái)得出正確答案。 轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說(shuō)，而在問(wèn)題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說(shuō)法，但仍表示同一含義。 排除法。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言，句法結(jié)構(gòu)，信息詞和常識(shí)，在沒(méi)有把握的選項(xiàng)中用排除法得出正確答案。四、重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答

5、案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載二、題型分類(lèi)初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解往往有以下三大題型， 抓住它的解法和思路， 就可以順利做好這些題目：（一）選擇符合文章的選項(xiàng)（二）判斷正誤（三）根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題， 現(xiàn)今該題型歸納在任務(wù)型閱讀中， 此處不做詳解。典型例題分析（一）根據(jù)內(nèi)容，從短文后每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳的一項(xiàng)。Mr Brown first went to look at the underground - fire when he was se

6、ven. "Through the hole（洞）in the earth you could see the orange fire, but you had to look fast because it was so hot," said Mr Brown. In 1898, he saw the fire once more（再一次） .Now, we can only see the smoke. The fire Mr Brown saw is not the underground - fire. In fact, there are 260 coal （煤）

7、 fires in the world. They are harmful（有害） and dangerous. Then how to put them out?Scientists have tried to set （放置） fire to underground coal to speed up （加速）the fires. In this way, the burning（燃燒）of underground coal would be soon finished.（被燒完）。1. Mr Brown first saw the underground - fire _.A. at th

8、e age of sevenB. seven years oldC. in the year of 1898D. more than （超過(guò)） 80 years ago2. Mr Brown said that we had to take a fast look at the fire because_.A. it was in the holeB. it was very hotC. it was orangeD. it was harmful3. How many coal fires are there in the world? A. There's only one. B.

9、 It's hard to say.C. There are 260.D. The article（文章） doesn't tell us.4. What s one of the best ways to put out（撲滅） the underground fire?A. To cover （覆蓋） the holes with stones（石塊） .B. To speed up the fires.C. To see the fires burning.D. To do some experiments （試驗(yàn)） .5. What is the best title（

10、標(biāo)題） for the article?A. Watching the Underground - Fire.B. A Way to Put Out the Coal Fires.C. The Burning Earth.D. Coal and Coal Fires.（二）根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容判斷正誤Fred telephoned his wife.“Ive got two free tickets for the theatre tonight,”he told her.“ Meet me outside the office. Well have something to eat and then

11、 go on to the theatre”.學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Fred s wife was very pleased. They hadntbeen to the theatre for a longtime. She met her husband as he told her. They had dinner and got to thetheatre just in time.At the entrance Fred took out his wallet to get the tickets.“It s verystrange,” he said. “They arent here!

12、 ” “Try your pockets,” said his wife. But the tickets werentthere, either.Then Fred looked very embarrassed ( 尷尬 ). “Whats the matter?” asked his wife. “ Well, ” Fred said, “I remember what I did with my tickets. I put them in mybag. But because I wasntgoing home, I left it in the office!”() 1. One

13、day, Fred was given the ticketsfor the theatre.() 2.Fred and his wife went to thetheatre quite often.() 3.Fred wanted to meet his wife in arestaurant.() 4.They reached the theatre neitherlate nor early.() 5.Then Fred couldntfind his tickets and remembered what he haddone with the tickets.（三）閱讀下面短文，然

14、后回答文后問(wèn)題。Taking exams always makes me nervous What about you? Here are some suggestions that my friend offers mePreparing for examsThe most important part of preparing for an exam is to know what to studyReview subjects you've spent a long time on during classes，look through what you were asked t

15、o read and topics of essays and homework，or ask your teachers to see if they can give a few suggestions Once you know what to study， the next is to know how to studyArriving at an examHow you arrive at an exam will decide how you take your exam Be sure to arrive：EarlyWith a full stomachWell restedWi

16、th all the things you will need for the examHaving your own exam habitsBefore you begin your exam， be sure to：Set up your things close byPut your name and other identification information on your exam-answer sheetRead all the directionsMake a brief plan about how you will divide your time between se

17、ctionsTake a few deep breaths every time you feel nervousIf you prepare well for your exam， arrive confidently and settle in before you beginDon't spend more time on a question that you should unless you're ahead of schedule(時(shí)間表 )根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下面的問(wèn)題。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載1What is the most important before you

18、take an exam?_2Should you arrive at an exam early or on time?_3What should you do if you feel nervous just before an exam?_4How would you feel if you got everything ready?_三、題材分析（一）家庭、朋友與個(gè)人情況在中考閱讀理解中， 記敘文閱讀題目的考查難度逐年增加， 多使用貼近學(xué)生生活的素材，多以故事形式出現(xiàn)。 針對(duì)這種題型主要抓四大要素， 即時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因、 發(fā)展和結(jié)果， 以及人物之間的關(guān)系， 從中分析他們的思

19、想品質(zhì)、性格特征等； 理解文章大意后， 找出關(guān)鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問(wèn)題所在，這樣，便于我們解題時(shí) “順藤摸瓜 ”，找出問(wèn)題的答案。這類(lèi)閱讀一般是對(duì)文章理解能力的考查， 抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非常重要的。做題思路：先看清題干，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章，明確把握問(wèn)題指向，避免 “回視 ” 現(xiàn)象，提高做題的速度。例如：1990 was a significant year in world eventsIn February，Nelson Mandela was set free after 27 years in prisonIn October，East and West Germany b

20、ecame one country againThen at the end of 1990，the World Wide Web was bornFor this final event we have one man to thank，Tim Berners Lee， the father of the WebBerners Lee was born on June ，81955 in London，EnglandHis parents，both computer designers，encouraged him to think and work creatively as he gre

21、w upHe was an excellent student and naturally took an interest in computers and scienceAfter graduating from Oxford University ，Tim went to work at a science research centre in SwitzerlandThere he developed some of the different systems that would later become the WebThe first was HTML ，the computer

22、 language used to make web pagesThe second was an address system that let computers anywhere find each other and send and receive information In 1990，while still at the science centre in Switzerland，he put them together to make the first Internet browser(瀏覽器 )It could run on any computer and allowed

23、 people to creat website to share their information with the rest of the worldTim knew that the more people used the Web，the more useful it would beHe wasn't interested in money but knowledge，so he gave out his invention for free to anyone who was interestedMany were interested and the growth of

24、 the Internet beganToday Tim works as a professor at the MIT in America ， researching new and interesting ways to use the WebHe has received many awards from governments and organizations for his effortsHe is still not very interested in moneyThat is why he is學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載so admired by his students and w

25、orkmatesIt may also be one of the reasons that few people outside the world of technology know his name(閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。) 1The underlined word "significant" (in Paragraph 1) most probably means"_"(AstrangeB terribleCimportantD difficult) 2Which of the following statements is tr

26、ue according to the passage?AThe address system was used to make web pagesBThe World Wide Web was created in SwitzerlandCThe first web browser was very expensive to buyDMany people could use the Internet before 1990) 3What can we learn about Berners Lee from the passage?AHe was encouraged to be crea

27、tiveBHe didn't do well at schoolCHe is a very poor businessmanDHe is well known all over the world ) 4Where does Berners Lee live today?(AEnglandB Switzerland) 5What is the passage mainly about?AThe events that took place in 1990CAmericaDCanadaBThe history of the InternetCThe invention of the In

28、ternet browserDThe man who created the Word Wide Web（二）學(xué)校生活與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)校園生活與語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)是中考閱讀理解考查的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題，一方面與學(xué)生生活、學(xué)習(xí)、交流等息息相關(guān)；另一方面，來(lái)自社會(huì)，緊貼社會(huì)生活，具有一定的時(shí)代感和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 這類(lèi)話(huà)題多是說(shuō)明文， 做題時(shí)要注意說(shuō)明的對(duì)象、 內(nèi)容及說(shuō)明方法。這類(lèi)題要注意每段話(huà)的開(kāi)頭部分，整體把握材料信息。做題思路：把握信息，找出題眼，梳理信息，進(jìn)行解答問(wèn)題。When you see the girl for the first time， you may think she is a boyShe is

29、very outgoing(外向的 )Who is she? Wang Meng， the Chinese top skaterOn the evening of February 26th，2010，Wang Meng first got to the finishing linein 1 minute and 29.213 seconds in the women's 1000 meters short track speed skatingfinal( 短道速滑決 賽 )at the Vancouver OlympicWinter Games(溫哥華冬奧會(huì) )After she

30、succeeded in the 500-metre and 3000-metre races，she won her third gold medal this timeWith this one China won four gold medals in the women's short track speed skatingThat helped China first win the team gold medal in WinterOlympics historyJust before the final race Wang Meng caught a bad cold a

31、nd coughed terribly With the words of "You can，you can do!" she won at lastShe said，"I really feel these three gold medals belong to my team，to ChinaIt was with the help of my team that I won the prize "學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載Though Wang Meng is only twenty-four ，she has been the most successfu

32、l Chinese skaterWe are proud of her and her teamWe hope she will be faster in Sochi Olympics in 2014閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1China won gold medals in the women's short track speed skatingA2B3C4D5() 2 It took Wang Meng 1 minute and 29.213 seconds to finish the short trackspeed skating finalAwomen

33、9;s 1000B men's 1000Cwomen's 500D men's 500() 3In Wang Meng's opinion， made her win the prize at lastAa strong bodyBa bad coldCher team's helpDmuch exercise() 4Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?AWang Meng is very outgoing like a boyBWang Meng is the most

34、 successful Chinese skaterCChinese people are proud of Wang Meng and her teamDChina has got the team gold medal twice in Winter Olympics history（三）天氣與自然隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展， 社會(huì)和諧已提上日程， 天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話(huà)題之一。 此類(lèi)話(huà)題多是說(shuō)明文和議論文。 這就要求我們了解說(shuō)明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)， 這樣才能對(duì)問(wèn)題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀， 才能自覺(jué)地完成命題要求，取得高分。解題思路：把握該類(lèi)話(huà)題的特征，對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合例如：Ea

35、rthquakes happen without warning(前兆 )They can happen any time of a day， at any point during the year When an earthquake is happening，you should know what you should do or not doDo NOT go outside You could get injured from falling glass or parts of buildings If you are outside，stay away from building

36、s and power lines(輸電線 )Stay under a desk， table，or other strong furnitureHold on to it Or stay in a corner of the building Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outsideKeep away from windows ， pictur

37、es or advertisements on the wall or the building ，and anything else that could fall and hurt youMost people get injured by falling things during an earthquake，not by the shaking itselfAlso keep away from a fire You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire If you are driving when an earthquake h

38、appens，stop the car if it's safe Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops，and don't drive near bridgesTry not to stopby power lines or trees These could fall and hurt you閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。() 1It isn't safe for you to _ while the earthquake is happening學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載(Arun out of the buil

39、dingBstay in a corner of the buildingCcover your head with your armsDcover your mouth with a towel) 2From this passage，we know _Amany people fear earthquakesBearthquakes maybe happen at any timeCwe can't save ourselves in an earthquakeDpeople never get injured in earthquakes) 3The best title for

40、 this passage should be "_"AHow Earthquakes HappenBHow to Drive a CarCWhat We Should Do in EarthquakesDWhy Earthquakes Happen（四）歷史與地理本話(huà)題在中考中所占比例不多，在歷史方面要注意歷史事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因以及有何影響等， 而對(duì)地理知識(shí)的考查， 一般多與旅游觀光等內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，這就要求我們了解各地的名勝古跡、遺址等。解題思路：熟悉文章，找準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題關(guān)鍵所在，提高解題速度和質(zhì)量。例如：On February 3rd，1949，New York Har

41、bor( 港 ) was an exciting placeMany people were there to greet a ship from France On the ship were 49 French railroad boxcars(火車(chē)車(chē)廂 ) filled with gifts from the people of France to the people of AmericaThese boxcars were from the famous Merci Train (Merci ，a French word meaning "thank you")A

42、fter world War (二戰(zhàn) )，a lot of factories，roads and farms in France had been destroyed Many French people had no jobs or money and had little to wear and little to eat In the winter of 1947 ，a train was sent across the United States， stopping in cities and towns along the way At every stop， people gav

43、e whatever they couldFactories gave clothing and medicineFarmers gave food Families gave moneyEven school children gave away their pocket money(零用錢(qián) )All the things were then taken to France by shipBy 1949，the French had begun to recover(恢復(fù) ) from the warThe Merci Train was their way of saying "

44、thank you" to AmericaFrench people had filled the boxcars with gifts Most of them were personal， like hand-made toys， children's drawings， or postcardsBut the boxcars themselves were perhaps the most meaningful of the gifts On each car，the French people had painted the pictures of all their

45、 40 provinces，with an American eagle on the frontThe boxcars were taken to each state of America， where they were warmly greetedNow many of the states still keep their boxcarsGifts sent by the French people can still be seen in some museumsThe Merci Train came out of the war，but it now reminds the w

46、orld that countries can also work together in peace(和平 )閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載() 1 Many people crowded at New YorkHarbor on February 3rd，1949 to_Awelcome the Merci TrainBmeet their familiesChave a big partyDstart a trip by ship() 2In 1947， a train stopped in cities across America in order toAgiv

47、e away clothing and foodB get more soldiers for the warCcollect things to help French peopleDshow exhibitions from the museums() 3The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 3 refers to(指) _Athe American peopleBthe French peopleCthe boxcarsDthe gifts() 4The French people painted their 40 provi

48、nces and an American eagle on eachboxcar becauseAthey thought France was stronger than AmericaBit could show the friendship between the two countries Cthe boxcars would be more beautifulDthey were very good at painting pictures() 5The passage is mainly aboutAthe story of the Merci TrainBAmerican mus

49、eums where the boxcars are kept Cgifts that American people likedDWorld War （五）社會(huì)萬(wàn)象在中考閱讀理解中，本話(huà)題包括的題材很多，它們來(lái)自生活，來(lái)自社會(huì)，針對(duì)這些題材要求抓住關(guān)鍵的句子和一些與考查內(nèi)容有關(guān)的問(wèn)題所在，這樣便于我們解題時(shí) “順藤摸瓜 ”，找出問(wèn)題的答案。 這種題型一般是對(duì)文章理解能力的考查，抓住文章的關(guān)鍵句和關(guān)鍵詞是非常重要的。解題思路：看清題干，明確把握問(wèn)題指向，帶著問(wèn)題讀文章，避免 “回視 ” 現(xiàn)象，提高做題的速度，提高解題質(zhì)量。例如：In most cultures ，when you meet p

50、eople you know for the first time during a day，it is usual to greet themOnce a young woman from England went to Hong Kong to work When she first arrived，she knew little about the Chinese culture of languageOn her way to school one day，she went to a bank to get some moneyTo her surprise， the bank cle

51、rk asked her if she had had her lunchShe was surprised at such a question because in the British culture it would mean an invitation to lunchBetween unmarried young people it can also mean the young man's interest in dating the girl Since this bank clerk was a stranger to the British woman，she w

52、as very puzzled，and quickly answered that she had eaten alreadyAfter this she went on學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載to school and was even more surprised when one of the teachers asked her the same questionBy now she understood that it could not be an invitation but was puzzled as to why they asked itIn the following days

53、 she was asked the same question again and again and she spent many hours trying to work out why so many people kept asking her this At last she thought that these people must be concerned about(關(guān)心 ) her healthShe was rather thin at the time，and she thought they must be worrying that she was not eat

54、ing well!In fact the question like that has no real meaning at all it is only a greeting根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷句子的正誤，正確的在括號(hào)內(nèi)寫(xiě)“T”錯(cuò)誤的寫(xiě)， “F”。() 1The young British woman went to Hong Kong for work() 2The British woman went to the bank to get some money() 3The bank clerk invited the young British woman to lunch() 4The teacher's question made the British woman happy() 5In fact the young British woman didn't know much about Chinese culture實(shí)戰(zhàn)練習(xí)一My brother，Henry，has a goo