高三暑假一輪復(fù)習(xí)(二)

1、 戴氏教育簇橋校區(qū) 授課教師：余老師 專用學(xué)案 2014屆高考英語精品資料晨背強(qiáng)化系列（二）.詞匯短語過關(guān)1respond vi.回答，答復(fù)；響應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)response n. 回答，回復(fù)；反應(yīng)respond to sb./sth.回答(比 answer, reply to正式)respond to sb./sth. (with/ by sth.) 用回應(yīng)某人(事)respond to (疾病、身體的受傷部分)對醫(yī)藥有良好反應(yīng)response to sb./sth. (對人/物)的回答/回復(fù)/反應(yīng)in response to 作為對的反應(yīng)即學(xué)即練1(1)They still haven

2、9;t _ my letter.他們至今仍沒有回我的信。(2)He _ my suggestion _ a laugh/_ laughing. 他對我的建議報(bào)以一笑。(3)His illness didn't _ treatment by drugs.他的疾病對藥物治療沒有反應(yīng)。(4)My mother opened the door _ the knock, but there was no one outside.聽到敲門聲后，我媽媽打開了門，但外面一個(gè)人都沒有。2certain adj. 確定的；無疑的；某(種)(1)作“某(種)”講時(shí)，同義于 some.但 some 前不加冠詞

3、。for a certain reasonfor some reason 由于某種原因certain professorssome professors 某些教授a certain amount of time 相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間(2)作“確信的，有把握的”講時(shí)，同義于 sure.但是 certain 的主語既可以是人，也可用于It is certain that.句型，而 sure 主語只能是人?！癰e certain/sure從句”(人)有把握/確信(表示主語的信念)be certain/sure of/about sth. (人)確信(表示主語的信念)be certain/sure to do

4、 sth. 必定/肯定會做某事(主語常為二、三人稱，表示說話人的信念)“make certain/sure從句”弄清楚/確保make certain/sure of/about sth. 把某件事情弄清楚for certain/sure 確定地，確切地(做狀語)It is certain that. 一定會(不能用 sure)即學(xué)即練2(1)There was _ in his manner.他的態(tài)度有點(diǎn)冷淡。(2)Are you _ it？你對此有把握嗎？(3)He is _ his duty.他肯定會盡職。(4)_ he has wronged me.我確信他冤枉了我。(5)_ their

5、 team will win the match.他們隊(duì)肯定會贏得比賽。3contain vt. 包含；容納(hold)；抑制(control)即學(xué)即練3(1)His paper _ no mistakes at all.他的試卷沒有一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。(2)Orange juice _ things which help keep you healthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的東西。(3)This bottle _ two glasses of beer.這個(gè)瓶子可容納兩杯啤酒。(4)He couldn't _ for joy.他不勝歡喜。4affect vt.影響；感動(dòng)；(疾病)侵襲be g

6、reatly/deeply affected很/深受感動(dòng)be affected by heat/cold中暑/著涼be affected with high fever發(fā)高燒即學(xué)即練4(1)The amount of rain _ the growth of crops.降雨量直接影響莊稼生長。(2)One of her lungs _ a little so that she has to rest.她的一葉肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)The audience _ by his speech.聽眾被他的演講深深打動(dòng)了。5appreciate vt. 欣賞；感激；喜歡appreciat

7、ion n. 欣賞；感激appreciate sth. (thank sb.) 感激某事或某人appreciatedoing sth.感激做某事one/one's doing sth.感激某人做某事I would appreciate it if. 如果，我將不勝感激。即學(xué)即練5(1)He highly _.他非常感謝他的幫助。(2)We shall _ you again.我們將很高興再次收到您的來信。(3)I really _ to the party.你能來參加這次聚會我太高興了。(4)I would _ you could help me.如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。6suc

8、ceed v成功success n. U成功；成就 C成功的人或事successful adj. 成功的successfully adv. 成功地succeed in doing sth.have success in doing sth.be successful in doing sth.成功做某事achieve great success 取得巨大的成功sb./sth. is a success 成功的人或事即學(xué)即練6(1)We all _ the midterm examination.我們都成功地通過了期中考試。(2)Failure is the mother of _.失敗是成功之

9、母。(3)He was _ as a novelist.他是非常成功的小說家。7harm vt. & n損害；危害harmful adj.有害的be harmful todo harm todo sb. harmdo harm to sb.對有害There is no harm in doing sth.It does no harm (for sb.)to do sth.做某事是個(gè)好主意(或沒有壞處)。即學(xué)即練7(1)The dog seems fierce, but it wont _ anyone.這條狗看上去很兇，但它不會傷害任何人。(2)Fruit juice can _ c

10、hildrens teeth.果汁可能損壞兒童的牙齒。(3)He may say no, but _ asking.他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。8die out 滅亡，逐漸消失die out 絕種，滅絕；熄滅；(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等)逐漸消失die off(家族、種族等)相繼死亡；(草木)先后枯死die away(聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)漸弱，漸息，平息die down(火、光線、興奮、暴風(fēng)雨等)漸弱，漸息；(聲音)靜下來die of 指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等die from 指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度等而死即學(xué)即練8(1) Scientists said that those pl

11、ants _ a century ago.科學(xué)家們說那些植物一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就絕種了。(2) Many old customs _.許多古老的風(fēng)俗正逐漸消失。(3)If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will _.如果暴風(fēng)雪不停息，牲畜就要死掉了。(4)Open the air hole; the fire is _.把氣孔打開，火要熄了。(5)Every winter some old people _ hypothermia.每年冬天都有一些老人死于體溫過低。(6)Nowadays many people _ cancer.現(xiàn)在有很多人

12、死于癌癥。9in danger (of.)處于危險(xiǎn)之中out of danger 脫離危險(xiǎn)即學(xué)即練9(1)The drowned girl was obviously _.很明顯，那個(gè)溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)The old house is _ collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危險(xiǎn)。(3)They were told at the hospital that their grandmother was _.他們在醫(yī)院得知他們的祖母已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn)了。拓展：與 in/out of 搭配的短語in order 有秩序in sight 看得見in trouble 在困境中in line 成行

13、(隊(duì))in place 適合/當(dāng)in fashion 時(shí)尚out of order出故障(機(jī)器等工作不正常)out of sight 看不見out of trouble 擺脫困境out of line 不成一直線out of place 不合適out of fashion 過時(shí)10protect.from/against. 保護(hù)免受(的傷害)defend.from/against.保衛(wèi)以抵制keep sb. from doingstop sb. (from) doingprevent sb. (from) doing阻止某人做即學(xué)即練10(1)Young plants should be we

14、ll _ the cold.幼苗必須被很好地保護(hù)以免受凍。(2)The hen _ its young _ being attacked by the cat. 母雞保衛(wèi)小雞使其免遭貓的襲擊。(3)Everyone should take up arms to _ our country from invasion.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)拿起武器保衛(wèi)我們的國家不受侵犯。(4)Nothing can _ us _ realizing our dreams.什么也不能阻止我們實(shí)現(xiàn)夢想。提示：(1)protect against 和 protect from 意思相似，有時(shí)可互換。但是，對于較大的事情，如：敵

15、人的入侵、天災(zāi)等，常用 protect against, 對于較小的事情常用 protect from.(2)在 protect.from/against. 結(jié)構(gòu)中，from和 against 后面常跟 sth.，有時(shí) against 后跟 being done 來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)性。(3)主動(dòng)句中 prevent/stop.from.中的 from 可省略，在被動(dòng)句中 from不可省略，而 keep.from.中的 from無論是在主動(dòng)句還是被動(dòng)句中都不能省略。11pay attention to 注意Attention, please! 請注意！ (演講用語)(May I have your

16、 attention, please？)attract/catch/draw/get one's attention to 吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrate one's attention on 將注意力集中于devote one's attention to 專心致志于call one's attention to 喚起某人對的注意提示：以上短語中的 to、on都是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。即學(xué)即練11(1)She _ her appearance.她很注重外表。(2)A great deal of attention has b

17、een _ protecting the environment.人們已對保護(hù)環(huán)境投入很多精力。12come into being 出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生o being 使形成；使產(chǎn)生for the time being 暫時(shí)；眼下即學(xué)即練12(1)We don't know when the universe _.我們不知道宇宙是何時(shí)形成的。(2)Such a custom _ long ago.這種風(fēng)俗很久以前就有了。提示：come into being是不及物動(dòng)詞短語，無被動(dòng)形式，無進(jìn)行時(shí)。類似短語有：come into power 當(dāng)權(quán)come into effec

18、t 生效come into action 開始行動(dòng)come into office 就職come into sight 看得見come into use 開始使用易 錯(cuò) 點(diǎn) 撥 自我完善誤區(qū)備考1. contain/include(1)contain 意為“包含，含有，容納，里面裝有”，指的是包含的全部內(nèi)容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。其賓語與主語常是同位關(guān)系，不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。(2)include 意為“包含；連在內(nèi)，計(jì)入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分，其后的賓語往往是主語的一部分。常用 “including被包括部分”或“被包括部分included”。如：Many peop

19、le like tennis, including me/me included. 許多人喜歡網(wǎng)球，也包括我/我也在內(nèi)。應(yīng)用1用 contain和 include的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1)The Chinese diet is considered to be the healthiest in the world. It _ a lot of fruit and green vegetables.(2)Everyone took part in the fight against the flood, _ old people.(3)The _ can _ 100 litres of water

20、.2. affect/effect/influence(1)affect 常做及物動(dòng)詞，“影響，感動(dòng)，感染”。(2)effect 常做名詞，“結(jié)果，效果，作用，影響”，常用于詞組：have an effect on/upon sb. 對有影響，take effect 生效，實(shí)行，come/go into effect 開始生效，開始實(shí)施。(3)influence 可做動(dòng)詞也可做名詞，表示“影響、感染”的意思時(shí)，是指使思想、行為、性質(zhì)或發(fā)展和成長等發(fā)生變化的影響。它可以指壞的影響，也可以指好的影響，這種影響常常是潛移默化的。應(yīng)用2(1)Probably we _ each other.(2)To

21、 _ a policy is to have an _ on it.自我測評技能備考.單詞拼寫1This hat will give p_ against the hot sun.2My wallet c_ two hundred yuan and my passport was lost when I was shopping.3Mrs Brown's dog b_ the mailman when he was delivering newspapers yesterday afternoon.4Both bees and butterflies belong to i_.5The

22、 mother is r_ her baby against mosquitoes.6You'd better _(存留) the money for future need.7We'll go _(打獵) tomorrow.8We greatly _(感謝，感激) your timely help.9She turned her _(注意力) to new problems.10The dog looks _ (兇惡). You'd better keep away from it. .單項(xiàng)選擇1The driver was at _ loss when _ word

23、 came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.Aa; the B/; / Cthe; the Da; /2It is_that his English is_perfect.Asure; very Bright; rather Cexact; fairly Dcertain; quite3Stop _ this kind of snakes. They are _.Ahunting; dying out Bto hunt; dying outChunting; dying away Dto hunt; dying down4I'd

24、like to arrive 20 minutes early _ I can have time for a cup of tea.Aas soon as Bas a result Cin case Dso that5(2010陜西西安質(zhì)檢)Are you driving to the airport, sir? I'd appreciate _ if you could give me a lift.Athat Byou Cthis Dit6More attention should be _ equipment in our factory so that we can incr

25、ease our production.Apaid to improving Bpaid to improve Ctaken to improve Dtaken to improving7How many passengers were in the plane?It _ 100, 20 Chinese _.Acontained; included Bcontained; includingCincluded; contained Dcontained; containing8The disease failed to_to the new drugs the doctor applied.A

26、respond Bturn Creply Drefer9Much _ by the story of Cong Fei, I am also determined to be a volunteer worker.Aaffected Bappreciated Cadmired Deffected10There may be kinds of infectious (傳染的) diseases in public places. You should keep your children_to the places where people are crowded.Anot go Bnot to

27、 go Cgoing Dfrom going11After a heated discussion at the meeting, a new plan came _ being, which would have a great effect _the cultural life of the people.Ainto; for Bto; to Cfrom; at Dinto; on12Nobody knows exactly how many years it will be _ the Chinese football team enters the final stage of the

28、 World Cup.Awhen Bsince Cbefore Duntil13She was knocked _ by a car and now was still _.Adown; in danger Boff; dangerous Cdown; dangerous Doff; in danger14Excuse me, what time is it now? Sorry, my watch _. It _ at the shop.Aisn't working; is being repaired Bdoesn't work; is being repairedCisn

29、't working; is repaired Ddoesn't work; is repaired15My car started up at last. You should have it repaired _ it's working now.Aas long as Bas though Ceven though Din case .完形填空 One of the political issues that is heard a lot about in the States lately is campaign（競選）finance reform（改革）. T

30、he people who are 36 for reform usually want the 37 to pay for campaigns and/or limit the amount of money that candidates（候選人）and their 38 can spend. One reason that reform is called for is that it costs so much to 39 for political office. Candidates have to spend a great deal of time and effort 40

31、money. The incumbents (those already in office) have less time to do chief jobs since they must 41 so many money raising events. Another 42 is the fear that candidates will be owned or 43 by the “special interest groups” that give money to their campaigns. Sometimes this certainly seems to be the 44

32、 .On the 45 side are those who say that it doesnt mean its really 46 just because you call something “reform”. They argue that the right to freedom of speech is 47 if the government can limit anyones ability to get his or her message out to the people. If one person or a group of people want to tell

33、 the 48 what they think about an issue or candidate, they have to buy 49 on TV, radio, and in newspapers and magazines. They might want to put up advertisements along highways and on websites. All this costs a lot of 50 .Those against laws that control or limit spending say that you dont really have

34、 freedom of 51 or freedom of the press if you cant get your message out. They say the government should never be able to control 52 discussions. They believe that this is most important when the voters are about to make 53 . What do you think about this 54 ? Listen to what the candidates for nationa

35、l office have to say. Which candidates 55 the most sense to you?36Awaiting Bcalling Cstanding Dpreparing37Agovernment Bpresident Ccandidates Dcitizens38Aleaders Bbosses Csupporters Dstates39Apay Bcompete Cwait Dwork40Araising Bearning Cgiving Dgetting41Anotice Breport Cguard Dattend42Aevent Bcost Cr

36、eason Doffice43Aencouraged Bforced Ccontrolled Dordered44Ajoke Bpurpose Ccase Dexample45Aother Bsame Canother Ddifferent46Aworse Bbetter Ceasier Dharder47Ameaningless Bunimportant Cunnecessary Dimpossible48Areporters Btruth Cstory Dpublic49Atime Bcopies Crights Dadvertising50Aenergy Beffort Ctime Dm

37、oney51Aargument Bopinion Cspeech Delection52Acommon Bpolitical Cgeneral Dspecial53Aprofit Btrouble Cplans Ddecisions54Aquarrel Bproblem Cissue Daffair55Afind Bmake Ccreate Dproduce答案詞匯1.responded to , responded to , with , by , respond to , in response to2.a certain coldness , certain about/of , cer

38、tain to do , Im certain that , Its certain that3.contained , contains , contains , contain himself4.affects , is affected , were deeply affected5.appreciated his help, appreciate hearing from, appreciate your coming appreciate it if6.succeeded in passing , success , a success7.harm , be harmful to ,

39、 there is no harm in8.died out , are dying out , die off , dying down die from , die of9.in immediate danger , in danger of , out of tected from , protected , against , defend , stop , from11.paid much attention to , paid to12.came into being , came into being易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)評1. includes , including

40、, container , contain2.influenced , affect , effect自我測評單詞拼寫.protection , containing , bit , insects , rubbing reserve , hunting , appreciate , attention , fierce單項(xiàng)選擇答案：D解析：考查冠詞。at a loss 迷惘不知所措，且 word 指“消息”時(shí)，無冠詞。答案：D解析：考查 It is certain that.句式，quite 是副詞“相當(dāng)”，修飾形容詞 perfect.句意為：“他的英語相當(dāng)好，這是真的?！贝鸢福篈解析：st

41、op doing “停止做某事”，而 stop to do 表示“停下來去做某事”。第二空 die out “滅絕”。答案：D解析：句意為：“我想早到20分鐘，目的是為了我能有時(shí)間喝杯茶”。so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。答案：D解析：語意：先生，你是開車去機(jī)場嗎？如果你能載我一程，我將非常感激。根據(jù)語意可知，it為形式賓語，代替真正的賓語if you could give me a lift.答案：A解析：考查 pay attention to doing sth.的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：A解析：contain容納，包含；include包括。第二空用sb./sth. included或including sb./sth.。答案：A解析：respond to起反應(yīng)，回答，響應(yīng)；turn to轉(zhuǎn)向；reply to回信，對作出回答，對作出反應(yīng)；refer to提及。答案：A解析：表示“受到的影響”，且在句中做狀語，用 affected.答案：D解析：keep sb./sth. from doing sth.意思是“阻止(人或物)做某事