必修4_Unit2Workingtheland_Grammar-動名詞.

1、動詞動詞-ing形式作主語和賓語形式作主語和賓語Which are correct?我的興趣是閱讀。我的興趣是閱讀。My interest is read.My interest is reading.閱讀是我的興趣。閱讀是我的興趣。Read is my interest.Reading is my interest.動詞不能做主語或賓語。動詞不能做主語或賓語。動名詞能做主語或者賓語。動名詞能做主語或者賓語?？偨Y(jié)總結(jié) 時態(tài)時態(tài) 語態(tài)語態(tài)一般時一般時 完成時完成時 主動式主動式（not) v-ing (not) having+ done 被動式被動式 (not) being+done (not)

2、having+ been+done LOVE-By John LennonLove is real; real is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.Love is touch; touch is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.Love is you, you and me. Love is _ we can be. Love is free; free is love. Love is _; _ love. Love is _ to be loved.SingingD

3、oing exercisePlaying computer gamesDriving too fast Singing is my hobby.Doing exercise is a good way to lose weight.Playing computer games is a waste of time.Driving too fast is dangerous.1. 作主語。作主語。 2. 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用 。動詞動詞-ing單數(shù)單數(shù)動詞動詞-ing形式作主語形式作主語 動詞動詞-ing形式作主語表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣形式作主語表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣性的動作性的動作, 謂語動詞用謂語動詞用

4、_：對他說話等于對牛彈琴。對他說話等于對牛彈琴。(talk) 空談無濟于事?？照劅o濟于事。(talk) is talking to a wall.Talkingmends no holes.Talking to him 單數(shù)單數(shù)2.2.用形式主語用形式主語itit，把真正的主語，把真正的主語動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是尾。但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞，如等。如：等。如：和夏洛克爭辯是沒有和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。什么用的。It is useless trying to argue wi

5、th Shylockit is/was + no use/good+ doing sth 做做是沒用處的是沒用處的It is worthwhile_.( (這部電影是值得看的這部電影是值得看的) )seeing the movie It is_worthwhile seeing the movie.(這部電影是不值得看的這部電影是不值得看的)hardly/notIt is a waste of time .(玩電腦游戲玩電腦游戲)playing computer games It is no need _ her the news.There is no need _ her the news

6、.to telltelling It is no pleasure _ through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.lookingdoingIt is a pleasure _ business with Harry.It is fun/nice _ with you .workingwhat will happen between them.(無法知道無法知道)There is no knowing3. “There is + no”后可以用動詞后可以用動詞-ing形

7、式形式作主語，表示作主語，表示“沒法沒法”。歸納歸納: 常用常用-ing形式作主語的句型有：形式作主語的句型有：It +be +a waste of time doing 做做是浪費時間的是浪費時間的It is/was no good/use/fun doing 做做是沒用處的是沒用處的It is/was useless/useful doing 做做是無用的、有用的是無用的、有用的It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做做是值得的是值得的 sth. is/was worth doing.是值得的是值得的It is no pleasure doing sth干干 沒

8、樂趣沒樂趣Its fun/ nice/a pleasure doing.干干 感到愉快感到愉快/ /榮幸榮幸There is no sense in doing 做做沒有道理沒有道理There is/was no use/point doing 干干無意義無意義 There is/was (no) difficulty/trouble/delay (in) doing做做無無/有困難有困難/麻煩麻煩/延誤延誤There is/was no chance/hope/possibility of doing 做做無無/有機會有機會/希望希望/ 可能可能There is no point doing

9、 such a silly thing.根據(jù)漢語提示根據(jù)漢語提示, 完成句子。完成句子。1. (像這樣談話沒有用。像這樣談話沒有用。) is no use _ . is no use.talking like this2. _ (大聲朗讀大聲朗讀) in the library is a bad habit. Reading aloudItTalking like this-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle.A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing

10、完整答句：完整答句：Losing her new bicycle made Mary very upset._（上學(xué)）（上學(xué)）is boring._（上班）（上班）is even more boring._（有錢）（有錢）and _（不做事）（不做事）is my dream.Going to schoolGoing to workHaving moneyDoing nothing動詞動詞-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語 1. 有些動詞如有些動詞如admit, avoid, consider, escape, deny, risk, suggest等后能接等后能接動詞動詞-ing形式作賓語，而不能接

11、動形式作賓語，而不能接動詞不定式。如：詞不定式。如：Were considering paying a visit to the Science Museum. 常跟動詞常跟動詞ing作賓語的動詞歌訣作賓語的動詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，避免錯過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險憑想象。不準(zhǔn)冒險憑想象。consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon admit, delay / put off, fancy avoid

12、, miss, keep /keep on, practise deny, finish, stop, enjoy / appreciate cant help, mind, allow/ permit, escape forbid, risk, imagine 2. 有些短語如有些短語如cant help, be used to, end up, feel like, lead to, be busy, be tired of, be fond of, be afraid of, be proud of, think of / about, put off, keep on, insist

13、on, be good at, give up等后常接名詞、等后常接名詞、代詞或動詞代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。如：形式作賓語。如：I have been used to living here. Im fond of collecting stamps and coins. 既跟動詞既跟動詞ing又接不定式作賓語的動詞歌訣又接不定式作賓語的動詞歌訣:雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼續(xù)下去。雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得繼續(xù)下去。不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三個需要。不管記住與否，努力打算停止，后悔三個需要。begin , start ,like ,prefer , hate ,di

14、slike ,continue .remember , forget , try , mean , stop , regret , want , need , require 動詞動詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help，be afraid (of)后跟動名詞和跟后跟動名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意須注意: forget, regret, remember后跟動名詞，后跟動名詞，動名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作動名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作；后跟不；后跟不定式定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作表示將

15、要發(fā)生的動作。 有些動詞后面可跟有些動詞后面可跟to do 或或doing： remember to do記得要做某事記得要做某事(未做未做) remember doing記得做過某事記得做過某事(已做已做) 我記得昨天關(guān)窗戶了。我記得昨天關(guān)窗戶了。 I remember closing the windows yesterday.記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。記著放學(xué)后去趟郵局。 Remember to go to the post office after school. forget to do忘記要做某事忘記要做某事(未做未做) forget doing忘記做過某事忘記做過某事(已做已做) 別忘

16、了給我寫信。別忘了給我寫信。 Dont forget to write to me.我忘了已經(jīng)鎖門了。我忘了已經(jīng)鎖門了。 I forgot locking the door. regret to do遺憾要做的事情（未發(fā)生）遺憾要做的事情（未發(fā)生） regret doing遺憾做過的事情（已發(fā)生）遺憾做過的事情（已發(fā)生）我很遺憾沒看這本書。我很遺憾沒看這本書。 I regretted not to read the book. 我很遺憾把這本書給了你。我很遺憾把這本書給了你。 I regretted giving you the book. try to do盡力盡力/努力做某事努力做某事 t

17、ry doing嘗試做某事嘗試做某事你應(yīng)該盡量多吃水果。你應(yīng)該盡量多吃水果。 You should try to eat more fruit. 你應(yīng)該試試多吃點水果。你應(yīng)該試試多吃點水果。 You should try eating more fruit. stop/go on to do停下來去做另一件事停下來去做另一件事 stop/go on doing停下正在做的事停下正在做的事他累了，停下來看電視。他累了，停下來看電視。 He was tired. He stopped to watch TV. 太晚了，他停止了讀書。太晚了，他停止了讀書。 Its too late. He stop

18、ped reading books. mean to do打算做打算做 mean doing意味著意味著他想離開去上海。他想離開去上海。 He means to leave for Shanghai.明天早起意味著今晚要早睡。明天早起意味著今晚要早睡。 Getting up early tomorrow means going to bed early tonight. be afraid to do 不敢做不敢做 be afraid of doing 害怕發(fā)生害怕發(fā)生可能發(fā)生也可能發(fā)生也可能不發(fā)生，只是自己有這樣一種擔(dān)心可能不發(fā)生，只是自己有這樣一種擔(dān)心(即擔(dān)心發(fā)生即擔(dān)心發(fā)生) 他晚上不敢出

19、去他晚上不敢出去 。 He was afraid to go out at night. 我怕傷了他的感情我怕傷了他的感情 。 I was afraid of hurting his feelings.Im afraid to speak English before so many people because Im afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在我不敢在那么多人面前說英語，因為我怕出錯。那么多人面前說英語，因為我怕出錯。be used to doing習(xí)慣于做某事習(xí)慣于做某事 be used to do 被用來做某事被用來做某事他們已習(xí)慣于住在農(nóng)村他們已習(xí)慣

20、于住在農(nóng)村 They were used to living in the countryside 刀是用來切東西的。刀是用來切東西的。 The knife is used to cut things.cant help doing 禁不住做某事禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事不能幫助做某事聽到這個有趣的故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔《夹α?。聽到這個有趣的故事，我們?nèi)滩蛔《夹α恕?We couldnt help laughing when we heard the funny story. 我不能幫你洗碗了，因為我要準(zhǔn)備高考。我不能幫你洗碗了，因為我要準(zhǔn)備高考。 I cant he

21、lp (to) wash the dishes because I am busy preparing for the entrance exams. 動詞動詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如：如：沒有刷牙讓她聞起來很臭。沒有刷牙讓她聞起來很臭。Not cleaning her teeth made her smell bad.need, require, want作作“需要需要”解時解時, 后后接動詞接動詞-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語, 主動形式表示主動形式表示被動意義被動意義, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于to be done。 e.g.這臺收音機需要修理。這臺收音機

22、需要修理。 The radio needs / requires / wants . = The radio needs / requires / wants . repairingto be repaired【即時練習(xí)即時練習(xí)】1.花需要被澆水了?；ㄐ枰粷菜?。The flowers need / require/ want watering.The flowers need / require / want to be watered . =2.房間需要被打掃了。房間需要被打掃了。The room needs / requires/ wants cleaning.The room nee

23、ds / requires / wants to be cleaned . =1、動名詞帶上自己的邏輯主語，這便構(gòu)成了動、動名詞帶上自己的邏輯主語，這便構(gòu)成了動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2、其邏輯主語一般由其邏輯主語一般由物主代詞、名詞所有格物主代詞、名詞所有格、人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的通格來充當(dāng)。人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的通格來充當(dāng)。在口語中，在口語中，物主代詞和名詞所有格可分別由人稱代詞的賓格物主代詞和名詞所有格可分別由人稱代詞的賓格和名詞的通格代替。和名詞的通格代替。e.g.: Do you mind my / me opening the door? I cant imagine Ma

24、rys / Mary marrying such a young man.動詞動詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)3、在下列情況下二者不能相互替代：、在下列情況下二者不能相互替代： 1 1）當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，）當(dāng)動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，其邏輯主語只用所有格或物主代詞表示。其邏輯主語只用所有格或物主代詞表示。 His being late made the teacher angry. （正確）（正確） Him being late made the teacher angry.（錯誤）（錯誤）2 2）如動名詞的邏輯主語表示的是）如動名詞的邏輯主語表示的是無生命的東西無生命的東西

25、，或是或是雖表有生命的東西但表示的是泛指意義雖表有生命的東西但表示的是泛指意義，或是或是兩個以上表示有生命意義的名詞并列兩個以上表示有生命意義的名詞并列，這，這時必須用人稱代詞的時必須用人稱代詞的賓格或名詞的通格賓格或名詞的通格作該動作該動名詞的邏輯主語。名詞的邏輯主語。The boy was frightened by the door (not the doors) shutting.Have you heard of women playing with fire?The father insisted on John and Mary walking to school.3)當(dāng)邏輯主語

26、是當(dāng)邏輯主語是this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody anyone時用其通格形式。時用其通格形式。He disapproved of that being said about John.The teacher dislikes anyone being late.He insisted on this being true.精析精析: :根據(jù)句意根據(jù)句意“it may now be too late to ” 和和 “already”可知可知“河流已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染河流已經(jīng)被嚴(yán)重污染”, 應(yīng)用完成時。答案應(yīng)用完成時。答案A。高考鏈

27、接高考鏈接 _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (2004全國全國) A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. That D. Suffered解析解析: 本題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。本題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。分析題干分析題干, 前一部分相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句前一部分相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句, 即即If he is given , 因為主句是因為主句是 it, 從句應(yīng)含從句應(yīng)含被動意義被動意義, 這恰是過去分詞作狀語的基本含義這恰是過去分詞作狀

28、語的基本含義即含被動意義。答案即含被動意義。答案 A。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece. (2001上海上海) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung解析解析: 分析題目可知分析題目可知, 謂語是謂語是is painted, 那么選項部分那么選項部分應(yīng)是充當(dāng)定語的。應(yīng)是充當(dāng)定語的。A項是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式項是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式, 其一般其一般不作定語不作定語, 只作時間或原因狀語只作時間或原因狀語; C項動詞項動詞“第三人稱第三人稱單數(shù)單數(shù)”顯然也不能作定語顯然也不能作定

29、語, 只作謂語只作謂語; 分析分析 the picture與動作與動作hang之間的關(guān)系之間的關(guān)系, 其不含被動意義其不含被動意義, D項排除項排除; B項是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式項是現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式, 相當(dāng)于定語從句相當(dāng)于定語從句which is hanging。答案。答案B。 4. Lets have a rest Not nowI dont want to stop _ yet(MET 1985) A. study B. to study C. for studying D. studying 解析解析: stop studying 意為意為“停止學(xué)習(xí)停止學(xué)習(xí)”。 D 5. Let me te

30、ll you something about the journalists Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (1999上海高考上海高考) A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told 解析解析: remember telling me 意為意為“記得曾經(jīng)告訴過我記得曾經(jīng)告訴過我”。 B 1. What made you so upset? _ two tickets to the pop music concert. A. Losing B. Because of losing C. To

31、lose D. Because I had lost 2. I cant imagine _ that with them A. do B. to do C. being done D. doing A考考你考考你D 3. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 4. _ is forbidden inside the park. A. To cycle B. W

32、e cycle C. Anyone cycles D. Cycling BD5. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop 6. The old lady needs _. A. look afterB. to look after C. looking after D. being looked

33、afterCC1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _(come) to my birthday party.3. I hate _(tell) lies!4. I will never forget _(go) to Beijing with him last summer. I forgot _(tell) her the news; so she knew nothing about it.readingto cometelling/

34、to tellgoingto tell1.出國旅行是很激動人心的出國旅行是很激動人心的。2 在這兒等是沒用的在這兒等是沒用的, 我們走吧我們走吧。3 我記得在哪里見過他我記得在哪里見過他。4 我后悔沒聽你的勸告我后悔沒聽你的勸告。5 幫助別人就是幫助你自己幫助別人就是幫助你自己。Travelling abroad is very exciting.Its no use waiting here. Lets go.I remember seeing her somewhere.I regret not following your advice.Helping others means help

35、ing yourself.Translation f. 介詞后要接動名詞： what about, how about, without, be fond of ,be good at 等。注意： on/upon doing sth.=as soon as （when）引導(dǎo)的句子。 g. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成“allow/advise/forbid/permit 名詞/代詞不定式(賓語補足語)”之形式。如：We dont allow smoking hereWe dont allow anybody t

36、o smoke here應(yīng)試技巧：1)重視句子分析，擺脫思維定勢 1.Does the way you thought of _ rid of bad mood make any sense? (get) 2.The moment weve been looking forward to _ (draw) near towards us.2) 若用動名詞，要關(guān)注其主動、被動和時態(tài)形式；以及動名詞的否定、加邏輯主語等問題。to getdraws It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repai

37、r C. to repair D. repairedExcersice2. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing3. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning4. Jack said that he

38、 wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited5. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped6. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking7. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D.

39、 trying8. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go9. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh10. Though it sounds a bit too dear (昂貴), it is worth _. A. being bought B

40、. buying C. to buy D. buying it11. He devoted his life to _ the atomic theory. A. study B. be studied C. studying D. have studied12. We are both looking forward to _ next week. A. going on vocation(休假) B. go on vocation C. be going on vocation D. have gone on vocation13. You must pay attention to _ the works of Lu Xun. A. read B. reading C. reader D. be read14. You should work tonight instead of _ TV. A. to watch B. you watching C. you watch D. watching15. The microscope is used for_ minute (微小的) objects.