WellBegunIsHalfDone

1、well begun is half done小學(xué)英語(yǔ)課導(dǎo)入技巧淺談金砂小學(xué) 洪佩娟每堂課都有一個(gè)開(kāi)端。良好的開(kāi)端是一堂課成功的基礎(chǔ)。成功的課堂導(dǎo)入不僅能在一堂課的開(kāi)始階段抓住學(xué)生的心弦，引起學(xué)生的注意，激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣，還能促成學(xué)生形成進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)期待，促進(jìn)參與，有助于學(xué)生獲得良好的學(xué)習(xí)效果。在教學(xué)實(shí)踐過(guò)程中，我總結(jié)了幾種英語(yǔ)課堂教學(xué)導(dǎo)入的技巧。一、舊知識(shí)導(dǎo)入學(xué)習(xí)是循序漸進(jìn)的，新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，要以原有知識(shí)作鋪墊，以舊知識(shí)的掌握作為前提，才能保證與此相聯(lián)系的新知識(shí)的理解和掌握。在教學(xué)中，我注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生溫故而知新，以復(fù)習(xí)、提問(wèn)、做練習(xí)等教學(xué)活動(dòng)開(kāi)始，提供新、舊知識(shí)聯(lián)系的支點(diǎn)。例如，book 8. un

2、it 3. last weekend單元開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)這個(gè)新的時(shí)態(tài)，其中a lets learn部分要求四會(huì)掌握動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式watched tv / washed the clothes / cleaned the room / played football / visited grandparents，以及聽(tīng)懂問(wèn)句what did you do last weekend?并能夠在實(shí)際情景中靈活運(yùn)用。由于這些動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的原形都是學(xué)生在五年級(jí)學(xué)過(guò)的，所以，課堂上我只需以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)what do you do on the weekend?的句型來(lái)導(dǎo)入，很快就可以引申到一般過(guò)去時(shí)what did

3、 you do last weekend?的句型上去。1以free talk導(dǎo)入，在師生自由會(huì)話中復(fù)習(xí)已學(xué)句型和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：t: what do you do on the weekend? do you watch tv on the weekend?s1: yes, i do. i often watch tv on the weekend.t: what about you? what do you do on the weekend? do you wash the clothes on the weekend?s2: yes, i do. i wash the clothes on t

4、he weekend.2教師出示一個(gè)日歷，圈出今天的日子是sunday(weekend)，然后問(wèn)學(xué)生： what day is it today? 學(xué)生回答its sunday. 教師圈出上個(gè)星期天的日子，然后問(wèn)學(xué)生：what was that day? 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答：it was last sunday. 板書(shū)并帶讀單詞：last。接著教師說(shuō)：it was last sunday. it was the last weekend. 板書(shū)、解釋并朗讀詞組：last weekend。學(xué)生跟讀并掌握詞組：last weekend。3引出句型：what did you do last weekend

5、?板書(shū)句型并帶讀。4呈現(xiàn)詞組：watched tv, washed the clothes, cleaned the room, played football, visited grandparents.強(qiáng)調(diào)這些動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的發(fā)音:/t/, /t/, /d/, /d/, /id/。如此以舊引新，降低了學(xué)習(xí)新知識(shí)的難度，使學(xué)生消除了對(duì)新時(shí)態(tài)的畏懼感，繼而很快投入到新知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中去。二、直觀導(dǎo)入用直觀教具創(chuàng)設(shè)語(yǔ)境導(dǎo)入新語(yǔ)言是英語(yǔ)課堂常用的一種方法。在課堂上，有效地使用直觀教具，能給學(xué)生留下深刻的印象，使學(xué)生更容易理解新語(yǔ)言。尤其對(duì)于喜歡直觀形象、思維非?；钴S的小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，直觀導(dǎo)入更易于集中他們學(xué)習(xí)

6、的注意力。在教學(xué)中，我常常用圖片、實(shí)物、玩具、模型、頭飾、簡(jiǎn)筆畫(huà)、幻燈片等直觀教具創(chuàng)設(shè)情境，導(dǎo)入新課。例1.在pep book6. unit 5. a lets learn部分關(guān)于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的鞏固階段的教學(xué)時(shí)，我運(yùn)用教學(xué)情景圖進(jìn)行以下的教學(xué)導(dǎo)入：1. 呈現(xiàn)本單元p56 lets chant，讓學(xué)生在歌謠中感知要學(xué)的新內(nèi)容。2. 出示a lets learn教學(xué)情景圖，師生進(jìn)行情景對(duì)話引入新課：a. whats the place?b. whos in the nature park?c. what are they doing?d. what animals do they see in th

7、e nature park?3. 引導(dǎo)學(xué)生按“由近及遠(yuǎn)”的順序觀察圖中動(dòng)物，師生在語(yǔ)言交際中體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是it和they時(shí)的用法：a. look at the rabbit! what is the rabbit doing? what is it doing? 教師在提問(wèn)的同時(shí)板書(shū)句子what is the rabbit doing? what is it doing? 并引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答：the rabbit is jumping. its jumping.再板書(shū)以上答句。b. what is the tiger doing? what is it doing?c. what is t

8、he fish doing? what is it doing?d. look there! what is the elephant doing? what is it doing?e. are there any birds in the sky? what are the birds doing? what are they doing?4.引導(dǎo)學(xué)生看圖說(shuō)話：its a sunny sunday. the three boys are in the nature park. theyre watching the animals. look at the rabbit. its jump

9、ing. the tiger is running after the rabbit. the fish is swimming in the river. the elephant is walking on the grass. two birds are flying in the sky. the nature park is never boring.5. 在學(xué)生充分理解并會(huì)運(yùn)用的基礎(chǔ)上，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生歸納總結(jié)其語(yǔ)法規(guī)則，教師進(jìn)行適量的語(yǔ)法講解。 在我精心設(shè)計(jì)的有意義的語(yǔ)境中，新語(yǔ)言一步一步地、具體、生動(dòng)、形象地呈現(xiàn)在學(xué)生面前。在我的引導(dǎo)下，學(xué)生逐步理解了新知識(shí)的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和規(guī)律。例2.在教

10、學(xué)pep book 1. unit 6. happy birthday a lets learn數(shù)字110時(shí)，我利用手機(jī)這一實(shí)物接聽(tīng)了一個(gè)“電話”導(dǎo)入教學(xué)：1. 教師聽(tīng)到手機(jī)鈴響，趕快接電話：hello. this is miss hong. oh, miss white . how are you?2. 然后作出聽(tīng)電話的樣子：ok. whats your phone number? 1358967542. (在黑板一角寫(xiě)下電話號(hào)碼) lets meet on friday evening .bye. 3. 教師關(guān)掉電話，對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)：剛才，miss white 打電話說(shuō)，這個(gè)周五晚上她準(zhǔn)備舉行一

11、個(gè)english party , 想要參加的同學(xué)可以通過(guò)這個(gè)電話跟miss white聯(lián)系。不過(guò)，miss white有個(gè)小小的要求，就是參加party的同學(xué)都必須用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)出她的電話號(hào)碼。so, we must learn to say the numbers.所以，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)這些數(shù)字才能夠參加miss white的english party。can you say these numbers?我運(yùn)用手機(jī)創(chuàng)設(shè)“接聽(tīng)電話”情景，引發(fā)學(xué)生的快速反應(yīng)。面對(duì)此情此景，學(xué)生大腦的語(yǔ)言智能被激活，爭(zhēng)先恐后地舉手說(shuō)出知道的數(shù)字。直觀導(dǎo)入作為激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)興趣的一種手段，直接推動(dòng)了學(xué)生進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力，促

12、使學(xué)生迸發(fā)出極大的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。三、設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入美國(guó)心理學(xué)家布魯納指出：“教學(xué)過(guò)程是一種提出問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的持續(xù)不斷的活動(dòng)?！痹陂喿x教學(xué)和聽(tīng)力教學(xué)中，設(shè)疑導(dǎo)入是經(jīng)常使用的一種導(dǎo)入方法。我常常根據(jù)學(xué)生的認(rèn)識(shí)水平，提出形式多樣、富有啟發(fā)性的問(wèn)題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)情境，使學(xué)生進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)的準(zhǔn)備狀態(tài)。設(shè)置問(wèn)題情境會(huì)使學(xué)生對(duì)所閱讀或所聽(tīng)的內(nèi)容更感興趣，提高閱讀的速度和聽(tīng)力的效率。在進(jìn)行pep book 5.unit 3. whats your favourite food? part b閱讀教學(xué)時(shí)，我設(shè)置了以下判斷性問(wèn)題，采用了設(shè)疑的導(dǎo)入方法：a. monkey likes apples best.b. rabbi

13、t likes grapes, but it doesnt like bananas.c. rabbit likes bananas. because theyre tasty.d. zip likes carrots.e. zip likes carrot juice.f. zoom likes eating vegetables.g. zoom likes beef.h. zoom is too heavy. it has to eat vegetables to keep fit.又如，在pep book 7.unit 6.the story of rain part a進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練之前

14、，我提出問(wèn)題：what do you have for breakfast?請(qǐng)學(xué)生回答。然后教師說(shuō)：i usually have bread and milk for breakfast. do you like bread? where does bread come from? 然后出示本部分的掛圖，手指面粉和小麥的彩圖，讓學(xué)生猜一猜：what's this?最后播放let's try部分的錄音。學(xué)生帶著這些問(wèn)題去閱讀和聽(tīng)，在閱讀或聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中會(huì)迫切地找到問(wèn)題的答案，并且為能正確地預(yù)測(cè)到答案而產(chǎn)生一種成功的喜悅，激發(fā)進(jìn)一步參與學(xué)習(xí)的欲望。四、歌謠導(dǎo)入少年兒童都愛(ài)說(shuō)歌謠。pep

15、教材的編寫(xiě)根據(jù)小學(xué)生的這一年齡特點(diǎn)，在每個(gè)單元都設(shè)計(jì)了許多節(jié)奏感強(qiáng)、瑯瑯上口的歌謠，以lets do或lets chant的形式出現(xiàn)，讓學(xué)生在輕松愉快的語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中體驗(yàn)語(yǔ)言，輸入語(yǔ)言。這為教師的教學(xué)導(dǎo)入提供了豐富的素材。如學(xué)習(xí)四會(huì)單詞hospital，cinema，post office，bookstore之前，教師可帶學(xué)生吟唱以下歌謠導(dǎo)入單詞教學(xué)：where is the post office?next to the hospital.where is the hospital?next to the cinema.where is the cinema?next to the bookst

16、ore.where is the bookstore?go straight ahead.再如學(xué)習(xí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，教師可播放以下歌謠讓學(xué)生感知新語(yǔ)言：im going to buy a book,im going to take a look,im going to bake a cake,im going to walk near a lake.we are going to take a trip.we are going to take a sip.im going outside to play.im going to have a good day!教師在教學(xué)活動(dòng)中根據(jù)教學(xué)內(nèi)容

17、適當(dāng)運(yùn)用歌謠導(dǎo)入的方法，從而激發(fā)學(xué)生的認(rèn)知興趣，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的期待。五、歌曲導(dǎo)入音樂(lè)是美妙的，它能使課堂洋溢出愉悅的氣氛。用歌曲來(lái)導(dǎo)入新語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目的學(xué)習(xí)，與歌謠導(dǎo)入有著異曲同工之妙處。譬如，在教授my pen pal這一單元，我先讓學(xué)生欣賞” my pen pal”這一首歌，全班學(xué)生伴隨著活潑優(yōu)美的旋律步入了新課。六、游戲?qū)牒⒆拥奶煨杂肋h(yuǎn)是愛(ài)玩的，新課程也倡導(dǎo)讓孩子們?cè)谕嬷懈兄Z(yǔ)言，習(xí)得語(yǔ)言。新課學(xué)習(xí)之前，教師可以組織學(xué)生做游戲，變常規(guī)復(fù)習(xí)為游戲式的復(fù)習(xí)，這樣既溫習(xí)了舊知識(shí)，又使學(xué)生在參與游戲中激發(fā)了學(xué)習(xí)熱情，可謂一舉兩得。例1看口型猜單詞老師神秘地說(shuō)：lets play a game. ill say some words. but i wont tell you what i say. look at my mouth！look at my mouth and guess! 于是,學(xué)生精神為之一振，注意力馬上集中起來(lái)了，紛紛盯著老師的嘴。老師用口型無(wú)聲無(wú)息地“說(shuō)”了一個(gè)單詞，孩子們卻仿佛都“聽(tīng)”到了，一只只手“唰唰”地舉起來(lái)。例2心有靈犀上一課時(shí)所學(xué)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)兩位學(xué)生上臺(tái)，一位學(xué)生根據(jù)老師紙條上的英文提示表演動(dòng)作，另一位學(xué)生用英語(yǔ)猜。游戲可以在小組之間進(jìn)行對(duì)抗賽，看哪一組在規(guī)定時(shí)間內(nèi)猜出的最多。七、多媒體導(dǎo)入多媒體輔助教學(xué)已成為21世紀(jì)