作文2012年12月英語四級真題參考答案解析

1、2012年12月英語四級真題參考答案解析Part WritingDirection：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education PaysYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 【參考答案及解析】標準版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher educ

2、ation background earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with no degree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelors degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, compared

3、with those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possess considerably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and most of all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also,

4、 the higher ones education degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university, or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.

5、Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：Education PaysJudging from the table, we can see that peoples income increases along with their education levels.

6、Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I dont think so because, on the

7、one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to gra

8、duates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the gra

9、duates ability and leaning habit.【標準版點評】：這次四級作文出了圖表題，可能讓大家有些意外，但是四六級考察圖表作文已經(jīng)并不是第一次，早在2002年的時候就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過，是圖表+提綱的形式，圖表反應的是大學生使用計算機的情況。由于備考時大家只是關注近幾年的題型，可能沒有關注到以往考察過圖表作文。我們在備考作文的時候，一般會從以下幾個方面著手準備，如何描述現(xiàn)象、如何分析原因、如何分析影響、如何給出解決措施、如何進行觀點論戰(zhàn)等。其實，圖表作文也是從這幾個方面展開，只是將第一段的描述現(xiàn)象改為描述圖表即可?？梢?，無論是考察哪種作文題，我們都可以將它轉化為我們熟悉的提綱式。

10、這次作文題目有兩個版本。題目都是Educational Pays(教育回報)，一個版本的圖表顯示的是教育水平越高，收入越高，另一個版本的圖表顯示的是教育水平越高，失業(yè)率越低。雖然圖表描述的具體內容不同，但主題是一致的：教育是值得投資的。寫作思路也是一致的。兩篇范文都是采取三段式的描述方法。第一段：描述圖表。先一句話引出圖表總體內容The above bar chart clearly shows us 然后具體描述現(xiàn)象We see that。最后用for instance引出一些具體數(shù)據(jù)來例證現(xiàn)象。第二段：分析原因。先寫一個引出原因的句子，然后具體列舉一到兩個原因即可。由于字數(shù)限制，原因不必列

11、太多。第三段：給出建議。先是總結這個現(xiàn)象This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment.(教育值得投資)。然后是建議國家增大教育投資，以及個人要努力學習。這種三段式的寫作模式容易掌握，在考場中比較實用，建議大家仿寫?！靖叻职纥c評】：本次四級作文圍繞著同一個話題，education pay(教育回報)，出現(xiàn)了兩個版本，一個是教育和失業(yè)率的關系，另一個是教育和收入的關系。就話題而言，命題難度并不高，選用的是貼近考生實際生活的熟悉話題。形式上則采取圖表作文的形式，圖表作文在四級考試中較少出現(xiàn)，很多考生可能剛拿到題目會束手無

12、策，但是只要考生仔細閱讀題目，就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了需要簡單描述圖表之外，其寫作思路和話題作文非常類似。寫好這篇作文，主要抓住三點：首先，描述圖表內容。對于柱狀圖，抓住橫抽和縱軸之間的關系，對數(shù)字的變化趨勢進行總體描述即可。用詞不宜超過總字數(shù)的1/3。其次，要一句話揭示圖表背后的隱含意思，引入文章的立意。最后，文章的立意可以采取兩種思路，保守的寫法是直接闡釋產(chǎn)生現(xiàn)象的原因，如寫失業(yè)率那篇范文;另一個則是，根據(jù)圖表上的結果，借題發(fā)揮，發(fā)表自己的觀點，如寫收入的那篇范文。Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)Why Integrity

13、MattersWhat is Integrity?"Integrity" is defined as "adherence to moral and ethical principles; honesty." The key to integrity is consistency-not only setting high personal standards for oneself (honesty, responsibility, respect for others, fairness) but also living up to those st

14、andards each day. One who has integrity is bound by and follows moral and ethical standards even when making life's hard choices, choices which may be clouded by stress, pressure to succeed, or temptation.What happens if we lie, cheat, steal, or violate other ethical standards? We feel disappoin

15、ted in ourselves and ashamed. But a lapse of integrity also affects our relationships with others. Trust is essential in any important relationship, whether personal or professional. Who can trust someone who is dishonest or unfair? Thus, integrity must be one of our most important goals.Risky Busin

16、essWe are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been undermined by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our mistake, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid similar problems in the

17、 future.Making ethical decisions is a critical part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we're taking, we can't make responsible choices. To identify risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one w

18、ho doesn't know the rules about plagiarism may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit, or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as required. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not ex

19、cuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a defense."But Everybody Does It"Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks theyre taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it," "I'm not hurting anyone," or &qu

20、ot;I really need this grade." Excuses can get very elaborate: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though I'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not cheating because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our ac

21、tions, and avoid excuses. If we fool ourselves into believing we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we're making-and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public,

22、and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or ashamed of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you're taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourself.Evaluating RisksTo decide whether a risk is worth taking, you must exam

23、ine the consequences, in the future as well as right now, negative as well as positive, and to others as well as to yourself. Those who take risks they later regret usually focus on immediate benefits ("what's in it for me"), and simply haven't considered what might go wrong. The c

24、onsequences of getting caught are serious, and may include a "0" on a test or assignment; an "F" in the class; Suspension or Dismissal from school; transcript notation; and a tarnished reputation. In fact, when you break a rule or law, you lose control over your life, and give ot

25、hers the power to impose punishment: you have no control over what that punishment might be. This is an extremely precarious and vulnerable position. There may be some matters of life and death, or highest principle, which might justify such a risk, but there aren't many things that fall in this

26、 category.Getting Away With It-Or NotThose who don't get caught pay an even higher price. A cheater doesn't learn from the test, depriving him/herself of an education. Cheating undermines confidence and independence: the cheater is a fraud, and knows that without dishonesty, he/she would hav

27、e failed. Cheating destroys self-esteem and integrity, leaving the cheater ashamed, guilty, and afraid of getting caught. Worst of all, a cheater who doesn't get caught the first time usually cheats again, not only because he/she is farther behind, but also because it seems "easier." T

28、his slippery slope of eroding ethics and bigger risks leads only to disaster. Eventually, the cheater gets caught, and the later he/she gets caught, the worse the consequences. Students have been dismissed from school because they didn't get this simple message: Honesty is the ONLY policy that w

29、orks.Cheating Hurts Others, TooCheaters often feel invisible, as if their actions "don't count" and don't really hurt anyone. But individual choices have a profound cumulative effect. Cheating can spread like a disease, and a cheater can encourage others just by being seen from acr

30、oss the room. Recent statistics suggest 30% or more of college students cheat. If a class is graded on a curve, cheating hurts others' grades. Even if there is no curve, cheating "poisons" the classroom, and others may feel pressured to join in. ("If I don't cheat, I can't

31、 compete with those who do.") Cheating also has a destructive impact on teachers. The real reward of good teaching is seeing students learn, but a cheater says, "I'm not interested in what you're trying to teach; all I care about is stealing a grade, regardless of the effect on oth

32、ers." The end result is a blatant and destructive attack on the quality of your education. Finally, cheating can hurt the reputation of the University, and harm those who worked hard for their degree.Why Integrity MattersIf cheating becomes the norm, then we are in big trouble. We must rely on

33、the honesty and good faith of others every day. If not, we couldn't put money in the bank, buy food, clothing, or medicine from others, drive across a bridge, get on a plane, go to the dentist-the list is endless. There are many examples of the vast harm that is caused when individuals forget or

34、 ignore the effect their dishonesty can have. The savings and loan scandal, the stock market and junk bond swindles, and, of course, Watergate, have undermined the faith of many Americans in the integrity of political and economic leaders and society as a whole. Such incidents take a tremendous toll

35、 on our nation's economy and our individual well-being. For example, but for the savings and loan debacle, there might be funds available to reduce the national debt and pay for education.In sum, we all have a common stake in our school, our community, and our society. Our actions do matter. It

36、is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.1. A person of integrity not only sets high moral and ethical standards but also _.A) sticks to them in their daily lifeB) makes them known to othersC) understands their true valuesD)sees that others

37、 also follow them2. What role does integrity play in personal and professional relationships?A) It helps to create team spiritB) It facilitates communicationC) It is the basis of mutual trustD) It inspires mutual respect3. why must we learn to identify the risks we are going to take?A. To ensure we

38、make responsible choices.B. To avoid being overwhelmed by stress.C. so that we dont break any rules.D. so that we dont run into trouble.4. Violation of a rule is misconduct even if _?A. it has caused no harm.B. it is claimed to be unintentional.C. it has gone unnoticed.D. it is committed with good i

39、ntentions.5. What should one do if he doesnt wish to fool himself?A. Avoid making excuses.B. Listen to other peoples advice.C. Make his intensions public.D. Have others watch over his shoulder.6. Those who take risks they regret later on _.A. will often become more cautiousB. are usually very aggres

40、siveC. value immediate benefits most.D. may lose everything in the end7. According to the author, a cheater who doesnt get caught right away will _.A) pay more dearlyB) become more confidentC) be widely admiredD) feel somewhat lucky8. Cheaters at exam dont care about their education, all they care a

41、bout is how to _9. Integrity matters in that all social activities rely on peoples _10. Many Americans lost faith in the integrity of their political leaders as a result of _.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversa

42、tions. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is

43、 the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: I just heard about a really beautiful park in the east end of the town. There are a lot of roses in bloom.M: Why dont we walk over there and see for ourselves?Q: What will the speakers

44、probably do?12.M: My presentation is scheduled for 9:30 tomorrow morning at the lecture hall. I hope to see you there.W: Oh, sorry. I was about to tell you that I have an appointment with my dentist at 9:00 oclock tomorrow.Q: What do we learn about the woman?13.W: How long have you been running this

45、 company?M: Twenty years if you can believe that. I brought it from a small operation to what it is today.Q: What do we learn about the man?14.M: Have you read the news on the campus net? Susan has won the scholarship for next year.W: I knew she would from the very beginning. Such a brilliant and di

46、ligent girl! She certainly deserves it.Q: What does the woman mean?15.W: Taking a bus to Miami, its cheaper than going by train.M: Thats true. But Id rather pay a little more for the added comfort and convenience.Q: What does the man mean?16.M: I think its time we got rid of all this old furniture.W

47、: Youre right. We need to promote our image besides its not a real antique.Q: What do the speakers mean?17.M: That was some storm yesterday. How was I afraid I couldnt make it home.W: Yeah, most of the roads to my house were flooded. I didnt get home from the lab until midnight.Q: What do we learn f

48、rom the conversation?18.W: My boys are always complaining that theyre bored.M: Why dont you get them into some team sports? My son and daughter play soccer every Saturday. And they both look forward to it all week.Q: What does the man mean?Section A11.答案：C. Go to the park to enjoy the flowers.點評：對話中

49、女士介紹了一處漂亮的公園，從男士的回答“為什么不去看看呢?”可以判斷，接下去兩人可能會去這個公園。see for 看見12.答案：C. She cannot attend the presentation.點評：從對話中可知，女士九點要去看牙醫(yī)，無法參加男士的講座了。13.答案：B. He is a very successful businessman.點評：從對話中可知，男士經(jīng)營這家公司20年了，而且成功把公司從一家小公司發(fā)展到了現(xiàn)在較大的規(guī)模。run v. 經(jīng)營，管理14.答案：D. She has every confidence in Susan.點評：從對話中可知，女士一直很看好S

50、usan, 覺得她肯定能拿到獎學金。sb. deserves it. 某人應得的。15.答案：D. It is worth the money taking a train to Miami.點評：從對話中可知，坐車去邁阿密比火車便宜，但火車更舒適便捷。16.答案：C. The old furniture should be replaced.點評：從對話中可知，男士和女士都認為應該把舊家具換掉，以改善形象。對話中有些生詞，但不影響對主要含義的把握，可以忽略。get rid of 處理掉17.答案：B. The man got home late due to the storm.點評：從對話

51、中可知，昨天有暴風雨，女士擔心自己回不了家，男士直到半夜才回家。18.答案：A. The womans sons might enjoy team sports.點評：從對話中可知，男士建議女士可以讓自己的兒子們參加一些團隊運動，這樣他們就不會覺得無聊了。Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: I dont know what to do. I cant seem to get anyone in the hospital to listen to my complaints and thi

52、s outdated equipment is dangerous. Just look at it.M: Hmm, uh, are you trying to say that it presents a health hazard?W: Yes, I am. The head technician in the lab tried to persuade the hospital administration to replace it, but they are trying to cut costs.M: You are pregnant, arent you?W: Yes, I am

53、. I made an effort to get my supervisor to transfer me to another department, but he urged me not to complain too loudly. Because the administration is more likely to replace me than an X-ray equipment, Im afraid to refuse to work. But Im more afraid to expose my unborn child to the radiation.M: I s

54、ee what you mean. Well, as your union representative, I have to warn you that it would take quite a while to force management to replace the old machines and attempt to get you transferred may or may not be successful.W: Oh, what am I supposed to do then?M: Workers have the legal right to refuse cer

55、tain unsafe work assignments under two federal laws, the Occupation or Safety and Health Act and the National Labor Relations Act. But the requirements of either of the Acts may be difficult to meet.W: Do you think I have a good case?M: If you do lose your job, the union will fight to get it back fo

56、r you along with back pay, your lost income. But you have to be prepared for a long wait, maybe after two years.Q19. What does the woman complain about?Q20. What has the woman asked her supervisor to do?Q21. What does the man say about the two federal laws?Q22. What will the union do if the woman lo

57、ses her jobQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.W: Mr. Green, is it fair to say that negotiation is an art?M: Well, I think its both an art and science. You can prepare for a negotiation quite scientifically, but the execution of the negotiation has quite a lot to do

58、with ones artistic quality. The scientific part of a negotiation is in determining your strategy. What do you want out of it? What can you give? Then of course there are tactics. How do you go about it? Do you take an opening position in a negotiation which differs from the eventual goal you are heading for? And then of course there are the behavioral aspects.W: What do you mean by the behavioral aspects?M: Well, thats I think where the art comes in. In your