Lisa美語筆記

1、二土土主一 兀日曰素.通用：卑兀日：前元音：/i/i:/e/后元音：/u/ /u:/ /:/ /a:/中元音：/:/雙元音：合 口 雙元音：/ei/ /ai/ /i/ /au/ /u/集口雙元音：/i/u/KK:單元音：/i/ / / / / a/u/雙元音：/e/ /o/ /a/ /a/DJ:卑兀日：前元音：/i:/e/后元音：/u:/:/ a:/中元音：/:/雙元音：合口雙元音：/e/a/a/集口雙元音：/e/輔音音素KK&DJ :爆破音：/p/b/ /t/d/ /k /g/摩擦音：/f/v/ / 9 / /e/ /s/z/ / /r/ /h/破擦音：/ts/ /dz/ /tr/

2、/dr/ /t/d/鼻音：/m/ /n/ /邊音：/l/半元音：/w/ /j/1 .兀曰曰素/i/ / / / / a /(/) /u/ /e/ /o/ /a/ /a/please seemeat believethis difficultif dinnerbed men dress friend apple man stand angry hot topic office modern but gun jump love always tall boughtthoughtbook foot pull push took moon shoes roombluefirst Thursday gi

3、rlworklate gate baseballstayOKgo drove slow momenttime wild nine diningnow house ground announceenjoy noise boys annoying2 .中性/松元音 緊元音/i/a/u/fool - full hot - hut steel - still bag - beg3 ./i/與/i/嘴唇向兩邊收緊，扁唇；舌頭在口腔里向后收緊see cheese please beat believe deceive/嘴唇放松；舌頭位于正常位置，放松if different this thing syst

4、em gymfeet - fit leave - live sleep - slip these - this feel - fill steel - still eat - it beach - bitch sheet - shit注意：主要區(qū)別不是長短而是緊松。被強調(diào)時，松元音也可變長Wow, your house is big!4 ./a/與 /a/上下張大嘴，把舌頭貼在口腔底部，舌尖觸碰下齒hot father army watch/嘴唇放松；舌頭位于正常位置，放松up fun but number cousin country love son other done/a/發(fā)音通常較長

5、，特別是重讀的名詞和形容詞That s impossible.I love my new job.shot - shut Don - done lock - luck cop - cupnot - nut robber - rubber5 ./u/與/u/雙唇收圓，小圓唇food moon blue true/雙唇稍撅look took shook would could should push pullfool - full Luke - look pool - pull6 ./嘴角向兩邊拉開；上下齒高度為食指中指指尖疊加高度；舌頭下貼，向后收緊。英美發(fā)音不同：class math math

6、 class發(fā)音通常較長，特別是名詞和動詞apple angry man fat dance class dance classLos Angeles California random answer7 ./上下張口，口型呈橢圓形，像雞蛋，略撅嘴。英美發(fā)音不同call tall fall small always automobile August audience applaud saw law awfulHe paused in the hall to talk with Paul.The author talked to the small audience.We all thought

7、 you bought it at the mall.It s awful that he always breaks the law!He s exhausted because he s been walking all day long.8 ./o/滑動post moment go flow slow show road boat soap No, I don t.Don t go. so slow almost over9 ./ 一短，一長發(fā)音方式/+/r/her teacher grammar learn heard bird first girl work worry word n

8、urse hurtwork early learn the words early bird perfect world10 .單詞重音重讀音節(jié)內(nèi)的元音要讀得重而長banana Canada biology photography 句子中的重讀：確定重讀單詞，重讀音節(jié)內(nèi)的元音要讀得重而長I love my new job.I love it.I have to call him.You re really tall.It's hot.Let s go to the park.I got a job at the hospital.11 .單詞非重讀音節(jié)的弱化symbol local r

9、ecord句子中的弱讀Let s meet at two o clock.I d like to talk to the pilot.Let s meet for breakfast.I d love to go for a walk.12 .輔音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ / 9 / /e/ /s/ /z/ / / / / /r/ /h/ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /t / / /d/m/ /n/ / / /l/ /w/ /j/13 .發(fā)準(zhǔn)每一個音句子中單詞的 每個輔音都要發(fā)音到位。因此，我們在講英語時要 注意自己的型probably in ge

10、neral seven twelve數(shù)字練習(xí)：1-2014 .清輔音與濁輔音/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/f/ /v/ / 9 / /e/ /s/ /z/ / / / /tr/ /dr/ /t / / /d/ /ts/ /dz/清輔音前的元音發(fā)音較短，濁輔音前的元音發(fā)音較長ice - eyes back - bag safe - save pick - piglock - log light - lied leaf - leave cup - cub15 ./ o / /e/舌尖位于兩齒間，輕觸上齒，氣流由舌尖和上齒間流出bath both math Thank you. Th

11、ursday thirsty anything healthyfather mother there this soothe16 ./l/尾音/l/：釋放舌頭，讓舌尖觸碰上齒后面并停留，氣流由舌頭兩側(cè)流，softer andlonger ,要能聽出清晰的音call Bill school wall feel ill feel ill awful film awful filmlittle animal little animal11l call you to tell you about the film.I feel terrible about the political scandal,

12、I think I 1l be able to handle it by myself.You 1l do well at school.17 ./r/舌頭卷曲，不接觸口腔，向后面拉英式英語元音因素后的/r/通常不發(fā)出來hear learn teacher German Robert Parker first person computer picture over there park18 ./w/卷起嘴唇，肺部有大量的氣流流出，聲帶振動wait welcome alwaysquick quiet question require quality liquid19 ./v/上齒輕觸上唇，濁輔

13、音very vote five eleven seven village visit vacation November vow - wow vet - wet vine - wine vest - west20 ./s/ /z/has is wasbecausethese those please alwaysbooks bags boyslaughs feels plays名詞復(fù)數(shù)及動詞第三人稱單數(shù)/s/ &/z/讀法清輔音后讀/s/濁輔音或元音后讀/z/21 .停頓輔音與連續(xù)輔音停頓輔音爆破音 /p/ /b/t/ /d/ /k/ /g/連續(xù)輔音/s/ /z/ /f/ /v/ /

14、9 / /e/ / / / / / /音節(jié)后的/m/n/l/爆破音后接輔音時失去爆破爆破音在句尾時失去爆破不釋放的/t/:位于句尾，或后接可連讀外的輔音No, it s not.I m not that hot.You re quite right.I can't do it.I want that blue hat.Robert, you might be right.Its not that different.What did you eat last night I can't wait for that flight.22 .當(dāng)/t/處于兩元音之間，聽起來像輕而快的/

15、d/,彈跳/d/better city ability water little auto automatic metal data Yes,it is.I got up at eleven o clock.Do you want to get in or get outI bought it at a computer store.What a nice day it is!23 .同一音節(jié)內(nèi)，當(dāng)/t/后面跟著/n/時發(fā)出en聲：發(fā)/t/時，把舌頭保持在上齒齦，然后直接發(fā)/n/,讓氣流由鼻腔流出，發(fā)出 en聲written mountain certain curtainI am certa

16、in that s the tallest mountain.My cotton shirt has buttons.I have forgotten when the book was written.Martin was born in Great Britain.24 ./thinking working practising interesting thing/ /的連讀What are you thinking ofWhat are you talking about bringing singing hanger25 ./tr/dr/短輕/t fl/d/后接/r/try trave

17、l tradition introduce controldry drama drop drastic address hundred Sandra26 ./t /d/t+u=/t /d+u=/d/actually statue nature picturegraduate educate schedule individual連讀中的同化/t/ +/j/=/t / / Why can t you do it/d/+/j/=/d/ Did you do itWould you like to see the scheduleAren't you graduating in the sp

18、ringCan t you see the statueDid you get a college education27 .動詞過去式讀法動詞以/t/ /d/結(jié)尾，ed讀/id/waited needed painted completed attended counted invited動詞以除了 /t/的清輔音結(jié)尾，ed讀/t/stopped worked parked cooked passed laughed pushed watched動詞以除了 /d/的濁輔音或元音結(jié)尾，ed讀/d/ robbed loved realized used called played28.節(jié)奏和語調(diào)

19、重讀與弱讀構(gòu)成了節(jié)奏29 .音節(jié)重讀音節(jié)的概念重讀音節(jié)的元音發(fā)音更響亮更長(louder,longer and higher in pitch )seat science success audiovisual urbandecade colleague female Japan Iran locate donate detail parenthesis necessary nssri necessity30 .雙音節(jié)詞讀音規(guī)則90%的名詞，前一個音節(jié)重讀office problem window paper building mother father60%-70%的動詞，后一個音節(jié)重讀ap

20、ply agree create relax complain enjoy同一個單詞名詞和動詞的不同讀法record object progress insult conflict present insert recall31 .“ate”組合的單詞動詞讀/et/名詞或形容詞讀/t/graduate estimate articulate動詞/et/negotiate abbreviate calculate nominate donate形容詞或名詞/t/delicate chocolate accurate affectionate intimate32 .后綴的重讀規(guī)則-ese重讀后綴

21、Chinese Japanese Portuguese-eer重讀后綴pioneer volunteer engineer-ique重讀后綴antique boutique critique technique-ic重讀后綴前的音節(jié)realistic elastic electric strategic optimistic terrific pacific從名詞到形容重讀的變化origin - original industry - industrial memory - memorial finance - financial president - presidential33 .非重讀

22、音節(jié)：輕而短madam problem symptom album o clock doctor photography atom Adam讀音相同的不同單詞lesson - lessen profit - prophet seller - cellarcaller - collar 兩讀音不同economy memory control contain develop Europe information commercial 34 .句子中單詞重讀的依據(jù)重讀單詞的重讀音節(jié)要louder,longer and higher in pitch實詞重讀，虛詞（功能詞）弱讀I will be dr

23、iving to the market to buy something to eat.I will be driving to the market to buy something to eat.實詞+實詞后一詞通常重讀I got a new job.Do me a favor.See you later.Let s go for a walk.Did you do your homework謂語+賓語 賓語為代詞，謂語要重讀Did you get itDid you get the jobDid you see itDid you see the filmWho stole itWho

24、stole my moneyWho stole the money from meI was washing the dishes for her.He s fixing the car for them.I just got a new job.I am so excited about it. I couldn t find one for a long time.I m working at the store. I m selling women s shoes.I started working there last week.On the first day, I was real

25、ly nervous.There was so much to learn.35.長句子朗讀根據(jù)語速，劃分信息單位（意群，虛擬分組）；確定信息單位中的焦點詞（關(guān)鍵詞），焦點詞通常在信息單位的后面部分;停頓多數(shù)發(fā)生在信息單位間，和出現(xiàn)焦點詞的時候I was driving to the market to get something to eat,because I was very hungry.I was watching a movie with my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was watching a movie with

26、my friends when suddenly it started to rain.I was so tired that I couldn t wait to get home.I was so tired that I couldn t wait to get home.If I forget to pay my bill, please remind me about it.He wants to know if you need anything from the supermarket.Did you know it was snowing in all parts of the

27、 East CoastWhen we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.When we climbed to the top of the mountain we could see the ocean.36 .形容詞+名詞：重讀名詞It s a hot day.You did a good job.I have blond hair.I m wearing a black jacket.I m wearing a black blouse and a black jacket.I have brown eyes

28、.I had a nice job.I have an older brother.I went to a party and I had a good time.That was fast.That was a fast flight.I have five.I have five dollars.It's old.It s an older film.He s younger.He's my younger brother. （younger ：作形容詞時，與作比較級時的讀法不同）That was great.I had a great time.I have an old

29、er brother and a younger sister.She has brown hair and blue eyes.That old lady has a little dog.My new car has four doors.I read a good book during the long flight.雙形容詞+名詞：重讀前一形容詞和名詞big black dogangry old manlong hot shower現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，與動名詞不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞不重讀，動名詞則須重讀，如：a sleeping child 現(xiàn)在分詞不重讀a sleeping car 動名詞須重

30、讀如何區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞與動名詞：現(xiàn)在分詞表示其所修飾的名詞的 動作，也可以說現(xiàn)在分詞與其所修飾的名詞在邏輯上具有主謂關(guān)系。動名詞則表示其所修飾的名詞的性質(zhì)或用途，二者在邏輯上無主謂關(guān)系。以以上兩個短語為例，現(xiàn)在分詞sleeping 即表示其所修飾的名詞 child的動作，在邏輯上，child是主語，sleeping是謂語。動名詞sleeping則表示其所修飾的名詞 car的用途，二者在邏輯上沒有主謂關(guān)系。37 .名詞短語和復(fù)合名詞的重讀：重讀前一單詞eyelid eyebrow forehead earringhair style hair color hair brush hair salonb

31、ook shelf washing machine laptop window framedriver s license credit card cellphone car keys chewing gumPlease give me your phone number with the area code first.My house has three bedrooms and two bathrooms.I got a headache from the loud rock music.The police officer was on a motorcycle.After their

32、 wedding day they went on their honeymoon.Don t put the newspaper in the trashcan.I bought a birthday present for my roommate.38 .動詞短語（動詞+副詞）的重讀規(guī)則：重讀副詞注意辨別 動詞+副詞 與 不及物動詞+介賓 兩種情況。前者副詞為實詞，修飾動詞，須重讀，如："Put on your coat. 后者介詞為虛詞，不重讀，如："I】1100k after him.1 .在“動詞+副詞”短語中，若賓語是名詞時，則該名詞既可放在動詞與副詞之間，也可

33、放在副詞之后；若賓語是代詞 時，則該代詞只可放在動詞與副詞之間，不可放在副詞之后。It'stimeforbreakfast.WaketheboyupIt'stimeforbreakfast.Wakeuptheboy.It'stimeforbreakfast.Wakehimup.2 .在“動詞+介詞”短語中，其賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都須放在介詞后面。不及物動詞加上介詞后，才能構(gòu)成一個 相當(dāng)于及物動詞的短語。Listentome.Lookattheblackboard.如何判斷動詞后面的小品詞是副詞還是介詞呢？1.介詞后面必須跟名詞或代詞作賓語。Lookaftertheb

34、aby.Sendforadoctor.副詞后面可以帶賓語，此時副詞之前的動詞一定是及物動詞。Putonthecoat.或 Putthecoaton.副詞后面也可以不帶賓語，此時副詞前的動詞一定是不及物動詞。Inspringtheflowersstarttocomeout.2 .“動詞+副詞”短語中的副詞對動詞起修飾、補充作用，而“動詞+介詞”短語中的介詞則不起這個作用。3 .“動詞+副詞”短語中的副詞與動詞的賓語存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。而“動詞+介詞”短語中則不存在這種關(guān)系。如:1） Thelifttakeshimdown. 賓語him與副詞down存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。2） Godownt

35、heroad,you'llfindthehospital.賓語 theroad 與介詞 down不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。簡單來說，副詞是實詞，可以用來修飾動詞，形容詞，其他副詞和句子。動副詞組后面能否接名詞取決于動詞的詞性。如果前面是不及物動詞，則后面不接名詞，如 speakaloud。如果前面是及物動詞，則后面必須接名詞做該動詞的賓語，該名詞可以放于副詞之前也可以放于副詞之后，一般來說，比較長的名詞詞組多置于副詞之后，但是代詞則必須置于動詞之后副詞之前，如putonyourcoat=>putiton 。這里on作為副詞對動詞put的方位進(jìn)行修飾限制。介詞是虛詞，又稱前置詞，用法

36、如其名，后面必須接名詞或可以代替名詞的詞（如代詞、動名詞或名詞性從句等）做該 介詞的賓語。動介詞組后面必須接一個名詞，與動詞無關(guān)。如果前面是不及物動詞，則構(gòu)成動 +介+名結(jié)構(gòu)，如laughattheboy 。如果前面是及物動詞，則是動 +名+介+名結(jié)構(gòu)，如 putthebookonthedesk ?？梢钥闯鰜?，詞組最后面的名詞與前面的動詞無直接關(guān)系，是介詞 at和on所指向的目標(biāo)。I found out about it.Can you look it over for meIll think it over and I l call you back.I can't figure o

37、ut why it broke down.When he grew up he moved out.動詞短語化的名詞讀法：重讀前一音節(jié)work out - workout make up - makeup check up - checkup break up - breakupturn off - turnoff print out - printoutI wanna work out.I had a great workout.I d like to buy some new makeup.I went to a doctor to get a medical checkup.They d

38、ecided to break up.It was a very painful breakup.That s a real turn-off.I would like to print out the information.Please give me the printout39 .人名和地名重讀兩個音節(jié)一一重讀最后一個South America United KingdomLos Angeles /ls'ndls/ Las Vegas /l as'vei 中/ Mexico City South AfricaCentral ParkGeorge Washington B

39、arack Obama b a'rk Julia Roberts Brad Pitt TomCruise三個音節(jié)一一重讀最后一個Martin Luther King John Fitzgerald KennedyJohn Wilson and Bob Jones went to South America.Central Park is in New York.His father likes Bob Dylan, but his grandfather likes Frank Sinatra.Barack Obama was elected president of the Unit

40、ed States.Is that Julia Roberts or Nicole Kidman40 .縮寫詞和數(shù)字重讀縮寫詞：重讀后一字母，是一個整體，注意連讀現(xiàn)象CNN UCLA PhD ASAP PC HTML DVD CD IQParker: PAR - KER數(shù)詞：重讀后一數(shù)詞thirty seven ninety nine fifty eight eight hundred twelvearea code 310-555 8239An important day in American history is July fourth, seventeen, seventy six.H

41、e was born in nineteen eighty seven.I went to work at 9:15 and came home at 5:45.Flight 507 left LAX at 7:25.This CD costs $19.99.He was born in LA in 1987.When they got married, he was 31 and she was 29.41 .特殊重讀：特別強調(diào)時的重讀This is the best ice cream Ive ever had. 正常重讀This is the best ice cream I ve ev

42、er had.This is the biggest dog I ve ever seen.在日常交談中通常不需要用到特殊重讀I love your new car.You don 't smoke, do you1 used to smoke.I don't smoke now but I used to smoke.You will not go there tomorrow night, rightI will go.Do you speak French Or GermanI speak French and German.Mary made a cake for my

43、 birthday.42 .聲調(diào)陳述句、祈使句、特殊疑問句通常降調(diào)一般疑問句通常降調(diào)All right. All rightHello Who is callingHello. Nice to meet you.I like it.Have a nice day.My name is Bob.It s cold outside.I m tired.I m hungry because I haven t eaten all day.I feel good.Today is Monday.I m gonna go to work soon.How are youHow old are youWh

44、ere do you liveWhat do you doWhere were you bornHow did you do thatAre you hungryDid you eatDid he goDid you like itDid you call meAre you angry at meWhy are you angry at meIs it hot in thereWhy is it so hot in thereDid you get there lateWhy did you get there lateHave you been to New YorkHow many ti

45、mes have you been to New YorkDid it startWhat time did it start43 .句子里聲調(diào)變化列舉多個物品或動作的句子中：前幾個名詞升調(diào)或降升調(diào)，最后的名詞或動作降調(diào)I bought chicken, fish, apples, and sugar at the supermarket.I woke up, ate breakfast and went to work.I like to run, to play tennis and to swim.I have milk , water, butter and eggs.We have

46、coke, water, lemonade , ice cream and iced tea in the fridge.句子中，前半句升調(diào)或降升調(diào)表未完成I think it s gonna rain, but I m not sure.I d love to eat that, but I m on a diet.If you give me your number, I 1l call you.引導(dǎo)短語，使用升調(diào)或降升調(diào)on the other hand however in my opinionOn the other hand, maybe I l go.On the other h

47、and, I l take the blue one.If you ask me, I think you did a good job.If I were you, I would talk to him.選擇疑問句，前者升調(diào)，后者降調(diào)Should I call you or send you an emailDo you like chicken or beefDoes he have green eyes, or blue eyesIs he a young man or an old manAre you married or singleThey have four children

48、 ages seven, nine, eleven and fourteen.I went to the gym, came home and called my friend.As far as I know, I m not allergic to anything.According to the weather report, it s going to rain.44 .高級技巧：連讀，省讀，正式場合與非正式場合口語45 .輔音十元音連讀：自然流暢的語流連讀時注意: 連讀不不是讀的快連讀遵從弱讀、重讀原則信息單位間不連讀in an instantJohn is a friend of

49、 mine.I m an actor.build up come over call up for a while where is what ifHold on a minute.Give me a cup of coffee.Just a momentIt s all I 1l need for a while.Where is his uncleDoes everybody here work outCan I think it overWhy did Adam bring it up again46 .輔音間的連讀相同輔音連讀：只讀后一輔音?？缮晕⒀娱L后一輔音，但不要停頓Bill li

50、kes swimming.I m gonna stop practising.Ill see you next time.I wish she would call me.I had a bad day yesterday.There are nine nails left.His name is Bob BarkerI love vegetables.Everything is going great.I used to smoke.（注意：used to詞組中used的讀音為/just/;表示“用過的”時讀音為/juzd/）相同發(fā)音點的輔音相連：只讀后一輔音。相同發(fā)音點輔音組：/p/ /b

51、/ /m/t/d/n/l/k/g/f/v/ / 9 / /e/ /s/ /z/If/ /tr/ /dr/ /t/d/ /ts/ /dz/I have five friends.I have a big kitchen.It s supposed to be a good movie.I need to go.注意：爆破首的失爆現(xiàn)象I wish she would talk to me.Did that man know about the situationI could drive you there right now.He always seems so happy.I used to

52、work crazy hours but these days Ive slowed down.47 .元音間的連讀：輕連讀扁唇 i 音：/i/e/a/see it very interesting carry on we all may I enjoy it boy is圓唇 u 音：/u/o/a/who is two hours blue ocean do all no answer go awayI don t do it very often.Why is she so afraid of itI can see inside the open window.This is the o

53、nly one I know about.Did you see any other ones48 .介詞輕讀注意：輕讀不是讀的急as /z/ on /n/ at /t/ to /t/ for /fr/ or /r/ our /r/ and /n/as long as you wantas soon as possibleas far as I knowas good as I get 11l see you on Monday.11l call you on Tuesday.Put it on the desk.Please come on time.I m at home.I m at s

54、chool.Ill meet you at five.Il call you at six.I d like to go to the store.I m going to work.I d like to talk to you.for a while for a moment for a long timeI haven ' t seen you for a long time.yes or nogood or badWould you like this or thatThis is our house.This is our car.Do you like our new ga

55、rdenHere is our number.I love rock and roll.in and outJohn and Marythis and thatI d like to see you for a moment.Sooner or later you l meet our parents.I went to work at nine o clock.I had bacon and eggs for breakfast.Do you like black and white or color photos49.代詞輕讀he / him /m/ her / them /m/Did h

56、e goDid he do itCould he help meShould he call youwould heI told him.11l call him11l ask him a question.When I see him I l say hello.11l call her.I really love her.I like her.Il drive her.11l pick them up after school.need them buy them11l talk to him when I see him.He wants her to know that he loves he